Chile's economy

The government has implemented a comprehensive opening-up policy and encouraged foreign investment, which has greatly improved the country's production capacity and international competitiveness, making Chile the most economically developed country in South America.

The Central Bank of Chile in Santiago is the country's central bank. The currency of Chile is the Chilean peso (CLP). Chile is one of the most stable and prosperous countries in South America, which leads to the low perception of human development, competitiveness, per capita, globalization, economic free income and corruption in Latin American countries. From July 20 13, Chile was recognized as a "high-income economy" by the World Bank, so it is a developed country.

Because of its independent and effective judicial system and prudent public financial management, Chile enjoys the highest economic freedom in South America (ranking seventh in the world). 20 10 in may, Chile became the first south American country to join the OECD. In 2006, Chile became the country with the highest nominal GDP per capita in the country and Latin America.

Copper mining accounts for 20% of Chile's GDP and 60% of its exports. Escondida is the largest copper mine in the world, with global output exceeding 5% of global supply. Overall, Chile produces one third of the world's copper. Codelco company, national mining company, competitive and private.

Chile belongs to a country with a medium level of development. Mining, forestry, fishery and agriculture are the four pillars of the national economy. After 1980s, Chile opened its market, strengthened macro-control, adjusted its industrial structure, and achieved great economic growth, which was praised as a model of Latin American economy by the World Bank and western countries. Especially since 2003, the Chilean government has implemented prudent fiscal and monetary policies, benefiting from the sustained high prices of export pillar products such as copper, salmon and pulp, and the steady economic growth. Since 2008, affected by the spread of the international financial crisis, the knowledge-based real economy has been impacted and economic growth has slowed down. Since the second half of 2009, the knowledge economy has stabilized and rebounded. The "2.27" earthquake in 20 10 caused serious damage to Chile's infrastructure, and the economic loss reached 30 billion US dollars, accounting for 17% of Chile's GDP. The Piniella government strengthened macro-control, focusing on restoring transportation, housing, employment and fisheries for post-disaster reconstruction, and the intellectual economy maintained a rapid growth momentum. Since the second half of 20 1 1, Chile's economic growth has obviously slowed down, with an economic growth of 5.25% in 20 12.

Chile's early economy was based on mining, especially copper mine, which is the country's largest capital, and 52.9% of foreign direct investment was concentrated in mining. But it also leads to a single risk in the industry, and the price of copper ore is seriously related to the financial situation. In recent years, the purity of copper mines has also begun to decline, leading to the need of economic transformation. Tourism is not so prosperous, and there is more room for growth, while the geography and weather in the southern hemisphere are more conducive to specific astronomical observations, attracting many astronomy enthusiasts to travel and observe every year, driving a more special astronomical tourism industry. Chile's tourism industry continues to grow. In 2005, the tourism industry increased by 65,438+03.6%, but the main tourists came from other poor South American countries, resulting in low consumption. The number of American tourists is increasing, but it is still very small. Most tourism is concentrated in summer (1February to March), mainly in coastal beaches and towns. Aarika, Iquique, Antofagasta, La Serene and Kejinbo are the main summer centers in the north, and Lake Bialika on the bank of Pucón is the main summer center in the south. The main tourist attractions in the south are national parks (the most popular is Kongilio National Park in Araucania) and coastal areas around Tirua and Canete, as well as Moha Island and Buta National Park in Naville, Chiloe Islands and Patagonia.

Grape agriculture is another pillar, and the wine industry also has a good prospect. 20 13' s exports to the eu and NAFTA both increased significantly. The output value of olive oil, blueberry, raspberry and cranberry also reached more than 400 million US dollars, and nearly 1/3 of them were exported to the United States. Chile has a long and narrow coastline of more than 4,000 kilometers, and is rich in fishery resources and marine resources. After the entry of foreign capital, technologies such as salmon and trout farming have emerged.

The gradual reform of its tax system after the 265,438+0 century is a major concern of foreign investors. Because many tax rates have risen, the enterprise income tax has gradually increased from 20% to 25%, the beer surcharge has increased from 15% to 20.5%, the wine has increased from 15% to 24%, and the stamp duty has increased from 0.4% to 0.8%. The rising tax cost leads to the low-profit labor industry having no competitive advantage compared with other South American countries. Its financial industry and real estate industry are less profitable, and the laws and regulations are strict, which leads to the fact that Chile's service industry is not prominent. Therefore, relying on the high profits of the service industry to deal with the increase in tax revenue is not applicable to Chile's investment and operation. The main economic indicators of Chile in recent five years are 200920102012013 gross domestic product (billion dollars) +2006538+20065465 dollars) 96721929. The planting area of main crops is 674,654,38+0,000 hectares.

Fruit planting industry

Chile is the largest exporter of fresh fruits in the southern hemisphere, with 7,800 orchards and 5 18 fruit export enterprises, and 75 kinds of fruits are exported to more than 0/00 countries around the world. The main fruits are apples, grapes, avocados, plums, peaches and pears. 20 1 1 annual fruit planting area166,000 hectares, with an annual total output of 334 1 10,000 tons.

forestry

Chile is rich in forest resources, and 45% of its land area is suitable for forest growth. The national forest covers an area of 84,200 square kilometers. According to the statistics of State Forestry Administration of Chile in 20 10, there are natural forests137,000 hectares in Chile, accounting for 18.4% of the country's land area, and artificial forests are 2.7 million hectares, accounting for 3. 1% of the country's land area. The main tree species are Pinus radiata (73.5%) and Eucalyptus (18.5%), and the main forest products are wood, pulp and paper.

animal husbandry

The pasture area in Chile is 129300 square kilometers. 20 1 1 year, beef output 19 10000 tons, mutton10/2000 tons, 528,000 tons of pork, 556,000 tons of poultry and milk/kloc-.

fishery

Chile has excellent climate, geography and water quality, and is the main producing area of salmon and trout in the world. 20 1 1 the annual catch is 4.435 million tons. At the end of 20 12, 10, the foreign exchange reserve was 38.943 billion dollars, and the foreign debt balance was114/45 billion dollars. The main banks are:

Bank of Chile, established in1893,2010 total assets182,562.35 billion pesos;

National Bank, established in1853,2010 total assets1880183.5 billion pesos. According to the statistics of the International Cooperation Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile, from 2006 to 2009, Chile received a total of 42.59 million US dollars and 9 1.04 million euros in foreign cooperation projects.

The main countries providing assistance to Chile for cooperative projects are Germany, Japan and Spain. International organizations mainly include the European Union, the United Nations and the Organization of American States.