What do you mean by doing a project?

Question 1: What do you mean by proposing the project? Writing a project application report is actually a process of demonstrating the declared project. Whether the project can be established is related to the novelty and significance of the project, and also to the quality of the applicant's argumentation on the project. Therefore, to declare a project, we should do a good job in project demonstration, that is, write a high-quality project application report and demonstrate the selected project, and pay attention to the following issues. First, the expression of research questions The reviewer's interest in the topic comes from the problems reflected in the topic. Therefore, the expression of the topic should be able to catch people and attract people, and strive to fully reflect the research object, content and methods, so that people can know what to study and how to study at a glance. When drafting a topic, you should be concise, that is, express the essence of the problem to be studied in the simplest language, and avoid using lengthy topics that list concepts. For example, "Integrating China's traditional education thoughts with contemporary advanced education thoughts and constructing XX curriculum model with China characteristics" is a long topic and a list of concepts. Second, be specific and avoid ambiguity. For example, the topic of "Research on Improving Students' Quality of Life in One Day" is relatively large, and I don't know what to study specifically. Third, we should use clear concepts instead of vague or self-created, colloquial and personalized simplified concepts, such as simplifying creative thinking into "creative thinking". Second, the expression of research background is a key point in the subject demonstration. The discussion on this issue is to make the reviewers understand the preparation of the research, that is, to fully grasp the context of the problem to be studied and the development of the research, so as to understand the applicant's research foundation. The second is to explain what innovations and developments I intend to make on the basis of other people's research. Third, the realistic reason of this topic. Therefore, in this part, the following issues should be discussed in detail. First, has anyone studied this issue? If so, who, under what conditions, what progress has been made, what major achievements have been made, what major achievements have been made in theory and practice, and what breakthroughs have been made in theory and practice. If no one has studied this problem, then is anyone studying similar problems, and are these studies of reference significance to this topic? Second, what are the main problems or limitations of the existing research? Thirdly, what new problems I intend to solve on the basis of other people's research, and what breakthroughs I strive for, that is, the innovation of this study. Innovation can be different for different content and different types of themes. Such as theoretical research topics, mainly reflected in the development and innovation of theory; For most subjects, the research methods may be innovative (if there is a group observation-based research, this study intends to adopt case study method). In short, I want to explain the differences between myself and others' research here, so that the reviewers can understand that this research is not a simple repetition of similar topics, but a valuable research at a new starting point. This also illustrates the necessity of research from another angle. The fourth part discusses the realistic reasons for choosing the topic. For example, the conclusion of "Practice and Research on Classroom Teaching of Emotion and Intelligence" is that one third of students with learning difficulties have low grades, most of which are the result of non-intelligence factors. So how to improve their interest in learning mathematics and greatly mobilize their enthusiasm for learning mathematics? The answer to this question is the essence of this topic. Third, the expression of research content Any research problem will involve many specific factors, which constitute the research content. However, it is impossible for any subject to study all the factors one by one at the same time. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the scope and specific content of the study, so as to avoid the topic being too large and empty and make the study feasible and operable. For example, the study of teachers' quality can include ideological quality, professional quality, psychological quality and so on. If all the above problems are studied, the scope is too large and the content is too complicated, so it is difficult to study them in depth. If the content is defined as "improving teachers' professional quality", the content will become concrete and easy to operate. Determining the research content also includes decomposing the research problem, that is, decomposing a big problem into several logically related small problems to form a hierarchical network of problems, which makes the research ideas clearer. For example, for the study of teachers' professional quality, researchers define the scope as improving teachers' ability to organize and control educational activities in the process of education, and further decompose the research questions into such small problems as "the ability to interact with students in classroom teaching" and "the ability to infiltrate education in daily life". Of course, to determine which problems should be studied as topics, we should not only consider the important factors involved in the research itself, but also consider the problems according to the research ... >>

Question 2: What's it like to do a project? The characteristics of a good research topic 1 The selected topic must be valuable [[〖HT〗] How to measure the significance of the selected topic mainly depends on two basic aspects: First, whether the selected research topic meets the needs of social development and educational development, and whether it is conducive to improving the quality of education and promoting the all-round development of teenagers. In this regard, it is emphasized that the topic selection should have important application value, the topic selection scope should be wide, the pertinence should be strong from the reality of current education development, and representative issues that are widely concerned and controversial should be selected. Secondly, the topic selection is based on the needs of the development of educational science itself, in order to test, revise, innovate and develop educational theory and establish a scientific educational theory system. Generally speaking, this topic is professional and profound, and has important academic value. Theoretically, there should be breakthroughs and achievements, or important supplements and improvements. Some practical topics of educational research emphasize application value, some emphasize academic value, and some have both. But in either case, we should choose the most meaningful education problem as the research object. As Lenin pointed out, "from the sum" and "from the connection to grasp the facts." The practice of "randomly extracting some individual facts and playing with examples" is meaningless or completely counterproductive, which requires us to "focus on the overall situation" and analyze and study individual things and their relationships with a comprehensive and universal point of view. What needs to be explained here is that we should not make a narrow understanding of the value of the selected questions, and we should not judge the significance of raising questions by the success or failure of a topic in the research. The reason is that people have grown a lot of important knowledge from the failure caused by wrong questions and learned lessons from positive and negative comparisons. The topic selection must be scientific and realistic, which is manifested in the scientific topic selection, clear guiding ideology and purpose, and substantial and reasonable arguments. The scientific nature of the topic selection lies in the fact that there must be some basis, which is the practical basis of the topic selection. The research topic comes from practice and has strong pertinence; At the same time, practical experience provides a certain and definite foundation for the formation of the discipline. The scientific nature of the topic selection is also based on the basic principles of educational science, which is the theoretical basis of the topic selection. The theory of educational science will play the role of guidance, standardization, selection and interpretation. Without a certain scientific theoretical basis, the selected course questions will inevitably have a low starting point and be blind. It should be noted that the practical and theoretical basis of topic selection restricts the whole process of topic selection and affects the direction and level of topic selection. In order to ensure the scientific authenticity of the topic, it is necessary to fully demonstrate the topic. The topic must be specific and clear. The selected questions must be specific, the boundaries should be clear, the scope should be small and not too general. Whether the topic is specific and appropriate often affects the success or failure of the overall situation. That kind of big, empty, vague and aimless topic is often poor in science. Only when we have a clear and thorough understanding of the topic can we provide the most important basis for building a reference system and guide the research direction. Therefore, the topic should not be chosen too wide, too big and too complicated. 4 the topic should be novel and original. The selected problems should be unsolved or not completely solved by predecessors, and should be innovative, innovative and contemporary through research. In order to make the topic novel, we should choose the research topic on the basis of summarizing and developing the previous practical achievements and the main heritage of theoretical thought. Without this foundation, any new development and breakthrough is impossible. It should be noted that almost all the major achievements in science are made step by step by scientific workers on the basis of the achievements of predecessors and others. Even new fields that are considered to be very new and pioneered for the first time are still provided by the work of previous contemporaries. Therefore, it is necessary to know the level and achievements of the subject to be studied at home and abroad through extensive and in-depth literature review and investigation, and to know whether anyone has studied or is studying similar problems or will. If we want to choose the same problem as the research topic, we should carefully examine the existing work, make a critical analysis from the completeness of the theory itself and the scientific height of the research method, and re-determine our research focus on this basis. Only the breakthrough and innovation based on the original research results will have the significance of research. 5 the topic should be feasible. The so-called feasibility means that the topic can be studied and has realistic possibilities. The concrete analysis shows that the feasibility includes the following three conditions:1... >>

Question 3: What does the project mean? A project refers to a series of unique, complex and interrelated activities. These activities have clear goals or objectives and must be completed within specific time, budget and resource constraints. Project parameters include project scope, quality, cost, time and resources. Project management institute (PMI) defined a project as a temporary job to create a unique product, service or achievement in its Project Management Knowledge System (PMBOK). The following activities can all be called projects: 1, building a building, developing new products, and planning and holding large-scale activities (such as planning and organizing weddings and large-scale international conferences). 4. Plan a road trip 5. Consulting, developing, implementing and training ERP. At present, most people in China mainly refer to construction projects, such as real estate projects and infrastructure construction projects.

Question 4: Do the project with the teacher and do whatever the teacher arranges.

Anyway, it's all about learning.

Students sometimes have to listen to their teachers.

Question 5: Why are many teachers rushing to do projects? Are there any benefits? Personal growth demand 1, teachers' professional growth demand. The times are developing rapidly, and the pace of educational reform is also very fast. In the information society, if you want to gain a foothold, you must have the awareness and ability to keep learning; We should have the ability of practice and innovation. In order to meet the new requirements of quality education for teachers, the teaching mode should be changed from "experience" to "scientific research". Practice shows that front-line teachers can actively participate in teaching and scientific research practice, learn theory, renew ideas, lead teaching research with scientific research, and promote teaching reform with teaching research, which is of great benefit to improving teachers' own quality. 2. The need to solve practical problems. Doing projects is mainly to solve the problems and puzzles found in education and teaching. These problems include their own teaching practice, students' performance and school education. 3. It is necessary to develop a rigorous work style. The rigor of the research also makes teachers' education and teaching more scientific and systematic. 4. The need to form scientific research and teaching consciousness. As we all know, it is inevitable to consult information when doing a project. When you read a lot of books about education and teaching, it will help to form your own teaching philosophy. The practice of teaching and scientific research has not only changed teachers' educational ideas, but more importantly, made us form the habit of examining our daily work with new educational ideas. Consciously improve their own educational means and conduct reflective teaching. In fact, to put it bluntly, you can send papers, evaluate professional titles and raise your salary.

Question 6: What do you mean by doing project development? According to different industries, IT, design and construction are used more. A project is when someone gives you a proposal or tells you what you need, you do it. Opening up is more about forgetting research and development. For the development of an unknown or an idea, like the previous Symbian mobile phone system, it is a project for you to make me a Symbian software. From Symbian to the current Android touch mobile phone, it is of the same quality.

Question 7: What do the horizontal and vertical topics of university professors mean? Horizontal mainly refers to other related topics based on this topic. Vertical refers to the in-depth study of this topic, not the development.

Question 8: What is a project research course? The original meaning is evaluation. Said the text: "Take the class and try it."

"Theme" is a problem that needs to be tried, explored, studied or discussed. Modern Chinese Dictionary defines a topic as a major problem that needs to be studied or discussed or an important matter that needs to be solved urgently. Topic refers to the most basic research unit determined to solve relatively independent and single problems. We often say "project initiation", and some people call "subject" "project". In fact, topics and projects are both related and different. The subject is the most basic unit of scientific research, with the characteristics of oneness and independence. This project is a complex and comprehensive scientific research problem, which consists of several interrelated topics.

Second, the content of the study.

The research process of the subject includes selecting a topic, making a research plan, consulting literature, conducting research, evaluating and popularizing research results, etc. Project research is the most common and basic way of educational science research. Topic is not only the name or title of the research question, but also the object, content, scope, purpose and task of the research. The topic shows the direction and content of the research, thus defining the topic.

Third, how to demonstrate a topic? The demonstration of a subject is mainly to clarify the following questions:

A. What is the nature and type of the problem to be studied?

B. what is the practical significance of the problem to be studied? Its theoretical value (that is, what breakthroughs are expected in theory? (What guiding theoretical systems may be formed)

C. what research results have been achieved on the issues to be studied? What is the research direction?

D. analyze the conditions of the studied problem.

E. What are the research strategies and steps?

F. What are the results of the study and their manifestations?

Four, the basic methods of educational research mainly include:

1, observation method: in order to know the truth, we can discover the essence and law of a phenomenon.

(1), general investigation and exploratory observation.

(2) Determine the purpose and center of observation.

(3), determine the observation object

(4) Make an observation plan

5], planning and preparing observation means

[6], unified standards.

Once, put forward the observation outline paragraph by paragraph.

2. Investigation method: The same purpose is to know the facts, analyze the facts, draw conclusions and confirm some problems, so as to improve the work (including improving research methods) or form new research topics. Including questionnaires, interviews, etc. Understand the facts, analyze the situation, study it carefully, draw a conclusion, and find a solution or a plan for further research. Illustrate the operation process of survey method with examples: the main steps of sampling survey.

(1), determine the purpose of the investigation (determine the problem and form a hypothesis; Verify the hypothesis through investigation, clarify the problem and draw a conclusion).

(2) Determine the sampling population. The sampled population should be consistent with the population (target population) who obtained the information.

(3) Determine the data to be collected. Generally, only data related to the purpose of the survey are collected, and the questionnaire should not be too long.

(4) Select the sampling method. At this time, which unit in the population can basically be decided as an individual.

5], the preparation of sampling box. Such as school directory, student roster, etc.

[6], estimate the sample size and estimate the cost.

Once, sampling test, fill in the questionnaire as small as possible, and make some necessary improvements.

Being, organize field investigation. Investigate according to the sampling plan.

Levies, according to the sampling method used for data analysis. Data analysis is based on the sampling method used.

⑽. Write an investigation report. Preserve population information, which may guide future sampling surveys.

3. Test method (measurement method, questionnaire method) is to describe certain behaviors or infer certain behaviors (including: ability and achievement, personality, interest, motivation, attitude, concept and psychological needs, etc.). ); So as to consider the reconstruction strategy or scheme, or further form a new research topic. In pedagogy and psychology, measurement is an important method of quantitative research. Its main functions are assessment, diagnosis and prediction.

4. Action research method: Action research method is an exploratory research method to adapt to small-scale education reform. Its purpose is not to establish theories and induce laws, but to constantly explore and improve work in action research and solve practical problems in education. (characterized by implementation, evaluation and modification).

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