Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Travel guide - Three teaching plans of Longzhong Dui, the first volume of junior Chinese.

Three teaching plans of Longzhong Dui, the first volume of junior Chinese.

Knowledge and ability:

1. Learn about the author Chen Shou and the history of the Three Kingdoms.

2, understand the main content of the text, through learning the text, understand the world situation at that time, Zhuge Liang put forward the political blueprint, strategy and tactics.

3. Understand Zhuge Liang's 27-year-old foresight and extremely keen strategic vision.

4. Guide students to know that Zhuge Liang had great ambitions, extraordinary talents and excellent insights in his youth, and learn from them, determined to cultivate himself into useful talents.

Process and method:

1, guide students to preview before class, and read the text through with the help of relevant reference books in combination with the notes of the text.

2. Teach reading aloud, focusing on key words and expressions, and analyze the hierarchical structure of the text on this basis.

Emotional attitudes and values:

Experience the qualities of Zhuge Liang's self-esteem, prudence and prudence, as well as the qualities of Liu Bei's Smoldering Ceremony, and learn from their excellent qualities.

Teaching emphases and difficulties:

Key points:

1, accumulate classical Chinese words and improve the reading ability of classical Chinese.

2. Experience the personality characteristics of the characters.

3. Understand the main content of the text. By studying the text, understand the world situation at that time, and the political blueprint, strategy and tactics put forward by Zhuge Liang.

Difficulties:

1. Understand how this article expresses Zhuge Liang's character through positive description and profile description.

2. The word "classical Chinese" is polysemy, and its meaning changes from ancient times to modern times.

Course arrangement: 2 hours

Teaching process:

first kind

First, create situations and introduce new lessons.

For more than 1000 years, Zhuge Liang's stories have been talked about by people, such as Arrow Borrowing from a Grass Boat, Burning Red Cliff, Zhou Yu in Three Qi, and Seven Capture Meng Huo, which fully demonstrated the outstanding talents of a generation of celebrities in politics and military affairs. In people's minds, he is not only a hero full of patriotism, but also a god of wisdom we worship. Today, let's get closer to Zhuge Liang and see his style.

Second, solve the problem:

1, Chen Shou, Jin Dynasty, historian. Write the History of the Three Kingdoms. The History of the Three Kingdoms is a relatively complete historical record of historical events during the confrontation between Wei, Shu and Wu. It is also called "the first four histories" with Historical Records, Hanshu and Houhanshu.

2. Longzhong Dui is the beginning of Zhuge Liang's biography. Longzhong is Zhuge Liang's seclusion. "Yes", "Answer" and "Answer" refer to Zhuge Liang's answer to the question of Liu Beixing's reply to Han Dynasty. The ancient courtiers' political, military and economic strategies to answer the king's questions were called "countermeasures".

3. Background introduction

The last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty was a dark age of fierce land annexation, cruel exploitation by landlords, heavy government corvee and unbearable politics. At this time, a massive peasant uprising broke out-the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising. In order to replace the Eastern Han Dynasty and compete for the sphere of influence, the armed forces, large and small, which emerged and grew up during the Yellow Scarf Uprising, engaged in political struggles and frequent military scuffles. Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Jian, who started with the Yellow turban insurrectionary, expanded their power step by step in many wars. After Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan formed a tripartite confrontation.

From then on, the three countries fought for 72 years and the whole country was unified. The History of the Three Kingdoms is a historical book that records the history of this period.

In 207 AD, Liu Bei was defeated repeatedly, so he had to take refuge in Liu Biao and start a new stove. Those who yearn for sages can help them achieve great things, so they look around the thatched cottage and ask Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang was moved by Liu Bei's three visits to the cottage. This "Longzhong Dui" is Liu Bei's third visit to Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang stated his own countermeasures against the questions raised by Liu Bei, when Zhuge Liang was only 26 years old. Later, Zhuge Liang went out to assist Liu Bei and became Liu Bei's strategist (later prime minister) to help Liu Bei establish the Shu-Han regime.

Third, reading the text, the overall perception:

1, the teacher reads the text.

Ask students to draw unknown words while listening and reading, and master the sounds, shapes and meanings of the following new words and loanwords in combination with notes and reference books.

Long Mu (lǒng) is rampant (tuí) (chāngjué) and compassionate (xǖ), and he is eager to believe in the great justice of the world (through "extension").

2. Students can read the text freely.

3. Clear the words and phrases against the notes to understand the general idea of the article.

4. Clarify the structure of the article.

The first part (1 paragraph): Zhuge Liang compares himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi.

The second part (the second paragraph): Xu Shu recommended Zhuge Liang.

The third part (paragraphs 3, 4 and 5): Liu Bei went to see him, and Zhuge Liang expounded the countermeasures.

The fourth part (paragraph 6): Liu Bei's esteem for Zhuge Liang.

5. Word accumulation:

Polysemy:

Call it "letter" and "letter". Say "Sunday" to … ...

Dong Zhuo has been here for three generations.

Faith is really called faithfulness, honesty and faithfulness, and it is a desire to "stretch" and believe in world justice in every corner of the world.

However, this is believed, but the ambition is not over yet.

Use, therefore, use recklessly, use talents for its use, and use the military strength of this country.

Flexible use of parts of speech;

Using nouns as adverbials, who dares to greet the general without eating kettle pulp?

Kettle uses kettle nouns as adverbials.

Common words:

Faith stretches the sense of justice to the world through "stretching" and gets it from Dong Zhuo through "taking".

Sentence pattern:

(1) sentence. Zhu Gekongming, Wolong also.

② Elliptic sentences. You were born with it.

(3) Inverted sentences. When people are busy, it is impossible to make promises.

6. Read the text together.

Fourth, summative homework:

Read the text carefully and try to recite the fourth paragraph.

Second lesson

First, teacher-student exchanges, the introduction of new courses

Communicate with students, understand students' mastery of last class, and adjust teaching methods accordingly.

Second, read the text characters:

1. What did Zhuge Liang's "Bi Bi Guan Zhong and Le Yi" tell him?

-shows that he is ambitious and thinks he has the talent to enter the stage.

2. Why do only Cui and Xu Shu "believe"?

-because people didn't know him at that time, only friends who were very friendly with him knew that he really had the gift of being in the phase.

3. Why can Zhuge Liang only "see" but not "surrender"?

-(1) Talented people are often arrogant. If he was invited with insufficient respect, he would certainly not come.

(2) Only by visiting in person can we show our desire and respect for talents.

4. What is the reason why Liu Bei let Zhuge Liang come out of the mountain?

-The reason is that "the Han Dynasty is ruined, the ministers steal their lives, and the Lord is covered with dust", "I want to believe in the righteousness above the world" but "I am short of wisdom, so I use it", hoping to get good advice and realize my political ideal.

5. What was Liu Bei's attitude and mood when he visited Zhuge Liang for the third time? What movements and language can you see?

-Liu Bei spoke concisely and appropriately, with a euphemistic tone and a modest and sincere attitude, showing anxiety about the Han Dynasty. "See you every now and then" not only shows Zhuge Liang's cautious character, but also shows Liu Bei's thirst for talent.

6. What strategy did Zhuge Liang put forward for Liu Bei? (according to the original)

-Cao Cao: There are millions of people today, so we can't compete with the emperor for princes.

Sun Quan: It is said that there is Jiangdong, which has been in existence for three generations. The country is in danger of the people and it is impossible to help them.

Controversial and profitable

Liu Biao: According to Jingzhou, the country of martial arts cannot be defended.

Liu Zhang: According to Yizhou, it is dangerous and weak

Zhang Lu: In northern Yizhou, Guo Fu, Yin Min, doesn't know how to be merciful.

Strategy: occupy Jingyi, easy to defend but difficult to attack; Get foreign aid, help the people and raise troops; Sit down and wait for the right time.

7. What is Zhuge Liang's political blueprint for Liu Bei? What strategic policy did Zhuge Liang put forward to achieve this goal? What is the basis?

-political blueprint: follow the trend and develop the Han dynasty.

Strategic policy: seize Jingzhou and Yizhou as the foundation of "hegemony"; Sun Quanhao, Wu destroyed Cao; Pacify and conquer, and repair politics at home.

According to: ① There is no possibility of developing eastward or northward. ② The necessity and possibility of occupying Jingzhou and Yizhou.

8. Why did you write "Guan Yu and Zhang Fei broke up in discord" at the end of the article?

-Finally, writing "Guan Yu and Zhang Fei broke up in discord" actually illustrates Liu Bei's dependence on Zhuge Liang from the side. The metaphor of "water comes from fish" vividly explains Liu Bei's satisfaction after getting Zhuge Liang, and proves that Zhuge Liang's amazing talent is really worthy of the name, thus naturally taking care of the beginning of "comparing himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi" and being called "Wolong".

9. Analyze the personalities of Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei with specific sentences.

-Zhuge Liang: the image of a counselor with broad mind, foresight and extraordinary intelligence.

Liu Bei: a hero who is ambitious, eager to be virtuous, courteous and good at employing people.

Third, look at history and talk about feelings:

Combine history with the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and talk about this Ge Liang in your mind.

Students speak freely and the teacher comments.

Fourth, expand and extend.

Accumulate poems, couplets, words and stories about Zhuge Liang;

1, poetry

Diligent in taking care of the world, he gave his heart to both generations.

But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.

-Du Fu's "Shu Xiang"

2, Zhuge Wuhou Temple couplets:

The sun and the moon are in command as teachers, and the wind and cloud often protect Dingjun Mountain.

Castle peak lies around Guo Yilong, cypress towering, and crane coming.

It has a long history, and the reading strategy is three points.

In Wolong Caotang, Wang Zuo took the initiative to take care of three masters, Lantian was born with jade, and the talented person was named Wu Dicai.

Fu Liang became an aristocratic scholar and a teacher to understand the old minister's heart.

3, words: do your best and die.

4. Story: The grass boat borrowed an arrow, three times, burning Chibi, seven times capturing Meng Huo, and an empty city plan.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) summary:

Six, homework:

1. Complete the discussion and exercises after class.

2. Preview the Model.

extreme

Teaching purpose:

First, make clear Zhuge Liang's political blueprint and strategy;

Second, understand Zhuge Liang's foresight and keen and profound strategic vision.

Teaching difficulties:

Target 1.

Teaching steps:

first kind

Let's teach a new lesson first: Speaking of Zhuge Liang, I think everyone knows what words, poems, stories and couplets you have memorized about Zhuge Liang, and share them with your classmates. Today we are going to study the text "Longzhong Dui", and you will definitely have a deeper understanding of Zhuge Liang.

Stimulate students' interest in knowledge with stories and couplets.

Second, the teacher introduced the history of the Three Kingdoms and read the text.

Third, students read the text in groups and correct the pronunciation and spelling of the text.

The students are divided into groups of four. Refer to the text notes and read the text by yourself. If there is a problem, mark it. Teachers patrol the guidance, and then concentrate on answering difficult sentences, fully believing that students can solve difficult problems through independent learning, independent discovery and independent communication, so as to prepare for further exploration.

Fifth, assign homework: read the text carefully.

Second lesson

On the basis of understanding the main idea of the text, guide students to further study the text, understand Zhuge Liang's political blueprint and strategy, and solve the first exercise after class.

First, please divide the students into four groups for discussion:

(original answer)

1, Liu Bei's current situation: Why did Liu Bei visit Zhuge Liang?

2. World situation: Cao Cao, Sun Quan and Jing Ke.

3. What is Zhuge Liang's strategic and political blueprint for Liu Bei in this situation?

Second, read the text again. How do you evaluate Zhuge Liang? Communicate with your classmates.

Third, assign homework: complete the essay: Zhuge Liang in my eyes.

The third category

First, this lesson is comparative reading, comparing Zhuge Liang in novels with Zhuge Liang in history books. What artistic processing did the novelist do?

2. What other stories are there about Zhuge Liang? Please read The Romance of Three Kingdoms after class and study how Zhuge Liang's strategy is interpreted in the novel. Learn more about Zhuge Liang's life and talk about his feelings through various channels such as library and internet, and write them in the weekly diary.

Tisso

Teaching assumption

Starting from objective reality, putting forward facts, reasoning, giving sufficient reasons and drawing clear conclusions are of great benefit to improving students' logical thinking and reasoning ability, and should guide students to learn. Through the study of countermeasures in Longzhong, students can understand how Zhuge Liang correctly analyzed the situation at that time, inferred the future development from objective reality, and determined Liu Bei's policies and strategies for establishing imperial industry, so as to understand Zhuge Liang's extraordinary political and military talents and outstanding foresight. Pay attention to the principle of "combination of reading and writing" in the teaching process.

Class arrangement

2 class hours

first kind

Teaching content and steps

First, introduce the political situation at that time and introduce new lessons.

1. Show the prepared map of the Three Kingdoms.

2. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, under the cruel exploitation and oppression, farmers held uprisings in succession. Among them, the Yellow Scarf Uprising in 184 was the most powerful.

3. The rulers of the Eastern Han Dynasty used local strongmen to arm the peasant rebels, so the local strongmen expanded their power and fought with each other. At that time, Yuan Shao occupied the present Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi and northern Henan provinces. After Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao's hundreds of thousands of troops in the battle of Guandu in 200 A.D., he completely occupied Yuan Shao's territory in 206 A.D. and became a powerful warlord. Almost the whole Yellow River basin was under his control. Sun Quan occupies the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, including the south of Jiangsu Province and the north of Zhejiang Province, as well as Xuancheng in Anhui Province and Ji 'an in Jiangxi Province. According to Liu Biao, there is Jingzhou, Hubei Province. Liu Zhang occupied what is now Sichuan Province. Zhang Lu occupied Hanzhong area in northern Sichuan.

Liu Bei started from the Yellow Scarf Army in A.D. 186, with only a few thousand troops and no territory. He was attached to Cao Cao, Yuan Shao and others. When Cao Cao was at war with Yuan Shao, Liu Bei was sent to Runan by Yuan Shao to disturb Cao Cao's rear. In 20 1 year, Cao Cao rushed to Jingzhou to surrender to Liu Biao and stationed in Xinye (now Xinye, Henan Province) to guard the north gate of Jingzhou in case of Cao Cao.

In 207 AD, on the recommendation of Xu Shu, Liu Bei personally visited Zhuge Liang in Longzhong, 20 miles west of Xiangyang County, Hubei Province, and asked Zhuge Liang for help. Zhuge Liang was only 26 years old. That is, from this year on, Zhuge Liang became Liu Bei's strategist and assisted Liu Bei in establishing the Shu-Han regime.

Second, write on the blackboard and solve problems.

Yes, countermeasures. The political and military strategy of ancient subjects answering questions from rulers is called "countermeasures". Longzhong Dui is the third time that Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang in 2007 (the 12th year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty), and Zhuge Liang responded to Liu Bei's questions.

Third, guide students to read the text accurately

1. Students read silently. Students are required to use reference books and notes to eliminate text barriers within a certain period of time.

The dragon mother (lǒng) is declining (tuí) and rampant (chāngjué).

Be merciful (xiu), go abroad (yu), believe in human righteousness (to "expand")

2. Teachers demonstrate reading and students perceive the whole text as a whole.

3. Students read aloud alone, while others listen carefully. Accurate pronunciation, accurate sentences, clear sentence reading and uninterrupted sentences are required.

4. Students read the full text together.

Fourth, read the text and make clear the structure of the article.

The first part (1 paragraph): Zhuge Liang compares himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi.

The second part (the second paragraph): Xu Shu recommended Zhuge Liang.

The third part (paragraphs 3, 4 and 5): Liu Bei went to see him, and Zhuge Liang expounded the countermeasures.

The fourth part (paragraph 6): Liu Bei's esteem for Zhuge Liang.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Teachers and students analyze the contents of the first and second parts together.

1. What is the role of the first part in the full text?

Clarity: introducer and identity.

2. What did Xu Shu mean when he said Zhuge Liang was "Wolong"? Why did he ask Liu Bei to visit Zhuge Liang himself?

Ming: The metaphor of "Wolong" vividly depicts Zhuge Liang's superhuman intelligence, and once again shows that Zhuge Liang is an extraordinary person who lives in seclusion in Shan Ye. In Xu Shu's view, "driving for nothing" means "appropriate", and "all coming" means "bending", which highlights Zhuge Liang's talent. It paved the way for the later article "Go to the place three times and you will see it".

Distribution of intransitive verbs

Read the text carefully.

Second lesson

Teaching content and steps

Students read the third part of the text.

Second, guide students to analyze the third part

This part is the main body of the full text. In this part, Zhuge Liang brilliantly analyzed the world situation at that time, inferred the future development, and determined Liu Bei's policies and strategies for establishing hegemony and reviving the Han Dynasty.

1. What was Liu Bei's attitude and mood when he visited Zhuge Liang for the third time? What movements and language can you see?

Obviously, "three trips are for seeing" not only shows Zhuge Liang's cautious character, but also shows Liu Bei's thirst for talent. According to the characteristics of the current situation, he expressed his lifelong ambition and asked about the plan to revive the Han Dynasty. The conversation is concise and decent, the tone is euphemistic, and the attitude is modest and sincere, showing anxiety about the Korean family.

2. How about Zhuge Liang's direct answer from Cao Cao? Why?

Clear: no. Because analyzing the situation first is based on Liu Bei's explanation of the situation in the conversation, and analyzing the situation at the same time provides a basis for determining the following strategies.

3. Why do you want to analyze Cao Cao first? What's the truth? What is the conclusion?

Clear: Because Cao Cao created "the dust of the Lord" and "the downfall of the Han family", he is Liu Bei's number one enemy, and he must believe that righteousness is above the world. Cao Yuan, on the other hand, strongly affirmed Cao Cao's excellent strategy, powerful strength and superior political position with facts. Draw the conclusion that the strength is too great to be an enemy.

4. So from what aspects is Sun Quan analyzed? What is the conclusion?

Clarity: analysis from the aspects of political power, geographical location and humanistic harmony. The conclusion is that the contradiction between Sun and Sun is caused by foreign aid.

5. What are the benefits of Jingzhou to Liu Bei? How did Zhuge Liang hint at Liu Bei?

Clear: Jingzhou's advantages are rich products, military fortress and Liu Biao's incompetence. Therefore, Zhuge Liang hinted at Liu Bei by rhetorical question, which was implicit and measured, and skillfully conveyed the message that Jingzhou was desirable and could not miss the opportunity.

6. Why analyze Yizhou? What advantages does Zhuge Liang think Yizhou has?

Clear: As Jingzhou extends in all directions and is a battleground for military strategists, it can only be the periphery, not the main base, so the last analysis is Yizhou. The advantages of Yizhou are: the terrain is dangerous, easy to defend and difficult to attack; A natural granary with superior conditions; When the regime is shaken, the people's hearts are lost. So if there is an opportunity, Yizhou can be used as a reliable base.

7. After establishing the base area, what did Zhuge Liang tell Liu Bei to do further?

Clear: after the settlement of the base area, a three-legged trend has been formed. But how to achieve "faithfulness is above the world", "hegemony" and "prosperity of Han"? So Zhuge Liang further planned the strategic blueprint of Liu Bei's northern expedition to Cao Cao, and pointed out how to act after the establishment of the base area.

How to explore Cao Cao in the north can be analyzed from three aspects:

(1) What are the conditions?

(1) political capital; 2 win the hearts of the people; 3 talent collection.

(2) How to prepare?

(1) Militarily, we should first defend Jing and Yi to preserve our strength;

(2) In ethnic relations, "harmony" and "caress" the tribes to relieve their worries;

(3) Diplomatic alliance with Sun Quan, * * * against Cao Cao;

④ Innovating internal politics.

(3) How to act?

(1) bide your time and divide your troops into two ways; (2) A pincer-like offensive, taking the Central Plains directly.

Only in this way can we achieve hegemony and prosper the Han Dynasty. "The late Lord said,' Good'!" Implicitly revealed Liu Bei's inner infinite joy, indicating that their political views are completely consistent.

In this countermeasure, Zhuge Liang analyzed the situation of the enemy and the common interests of both sides in detail according to Liu Bei's questions and the objective situation at that time, and made a detailed and detailed plan for Liu Bei's founding of the country. Judging from the historical facts of the tripartite confrontation formed later, its foresight is completely correct. This fully shows Zhuge Liang's amazing political and military talents and outstanding insight.

This passage is not only incisive in content, but also full of arguments, profound in level, conclusive in facts, well-founded and clear in conclusion. This reasoning method and strict logical thinking are worth learning and using for reference.

Third, the teacher's comments on the fourth paragraph.

Finally, writing "Guan Yu and Zhang Fei broke up in discord" actually illustrates Liu Bei's dependence on Zhuge Liang from the side. The metaphor of "there is still water in the fish" vividly reveals Liu Bei's satisfaction after getting Zhuge Liang, and proves that Zhuge Liang's amazing talent is really worthy of the name, thus naturally taking care of the people who compare themselves with Guan Zhong and Le Yi and are called Wolong at the beginning.

Fourth, homework

1. Read and recite the fourth paragraph.

2. Translate the following passage into modern Chinese:

Zhuge Liang, the word Kongming, is also from Langya, Yang Du; Zhuge Feng, a captain transferred from the Han Dynasty, is also a queen. Father and heir, word, Taishan people at the end of Han Dynasty. Bright and lonely; Xuan followed his father and was appointed as the satrap by Yuan Shu. Xuan and his brother are both officials. During the Han Dynasty, Zhu Hao was chosen as the Xuan, and Su Xuan and Jingzhou Liu Mu used it. Xuanzu, Lianggeng Long Mu ...