What are the folk customs in Xi 'an? What are culture, snacks and history?

Chang 'an International Calligraphy Annual Meeting

Time: the last week of March every year.

China Chang 'an International Calligraphy Annual Meeting is a large-scale international calligraphy exchange activity sponsored by Shaanxi Provincial Tourism Bureau. China's calligraphy is a unique art in China with a history of thousands of years. Chang 'an (now Xi 'an) is not only the place where famous calligraphers come forth in large numbers, but also the place where the most famous calligraphy inscriptions are preserved, and it is known as the "hometown of calligraphy". 1986 Chang' an international calligraphy annual conference was held for the first time, attracting many calligraphy celebrities from home and abroad to perform every year, which has important influence at home and abroad.

Chang 'an International Calligraphy Annual Meeting is held in the last week of March every year. At that time, famous calligraphers at home and abroad will gather in the ancient city to learn skills and exchange experiences. The main contents of the annual meeting are: a large-scale inscription ceremony imitating the Big Wild Goose Pagoda in the Tang Dynasty; Celebrity ink painting exhibition in past dynasties; Chinese and foreign calligraphers' pen club; High-quality Four Treasures of the Study exhibition; Seminar in calligraphy theory, visit to forest of steles, activities of thirteen products in Shimen, etc.

Xi Terracotta Warriors Pomegranate Festival

Time: every year in the middle of September.

Xi Lintong is not only the hometown of Terracotta Warriors, but also a famous pomegranate producing area in China. Every autumn, when the air is crisp, it is also the tourist season, and the fiery pomegranate is particularly eye-catching in the sun, adding luster to Mount Li. Xi Terracotta Warriors Pomegranate Festival skillfully combines these two contents, which can give tourists both spiritual and material enjoyment.

The Pomegranate Festival of Terracotta Warriors and Horses is held in Lintong in mid-September every year for a week. Its main activities include visiting the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, taking a bath tour of the imperial concubine in Huaqing Pool, viewing and tasting the 10,000-mu pomegranate garden, the traditional pomegranate festival, and the lighting ceremony of the ancient beacon tower in Lishan Mountain.

Xi 'an Ancient Culture Art Festival

Time: September every year

Xi 'an Ancient Culture and Art Festival is a large-scale cultural tourism festival in Xi 'an, starting at 1990, and held every autumn and September. The ancient culture and art festival is a rich collection of Shaanxi folk art essence. The main activities are:

Palace etiquette gongs and drums; Stilts, dry boat, bamboo horse, lion dance, dragon dance and other performances; Large-scale palace fireworks; Street fire show; Large-scale cultural programs, such as large-scale music and dance "Chang 'an Treasure", "Silk Road Style", "Chang 'an Charm", "The Soul of the Qin Warrior" and "Feng Ming Chang 'an"; Imitation of Tang music and dance, welcomed by guests at home and abroad; Shaanxi local operas, such as Shaanxi opera, Hu Mei opera, Wan Wan Qiang opera, puppet show, shadow play, etc. The art garden of the ancient city wall held a special night scene night market entrance ceremony. The guests filed into the urn, passed the south gate suspension bridge, and then boarded the ancient city wall to enjoy the performances of literature and art, martial arts, qigong and cockfighting imitating the Tang Dynasty, and participated in various amusement projects. Folk handicrafts and souvenirs exhibition.

Xi city wall international marathon friendly match

Time: every year1October 1 1 Sunday

The Xi 'an City Wall International Marathon was held from 1993, which has a certain influence at home and abroad. In 2003, Xi 'an City Wall International Marathon was awarded the "National Sports Tourism Gold Award" by the State Sports General Administration and the National Tourism Administration. During the competition, men's and women's 5km,10km and half marathon will be held on the wall of Xi 'an Angu.

Xi history and culture

Xi 'an, called Chang 'an in ancient times, is one of the birthplaces of Chinese nation and oriental civilization. As early as 165438+ million years ago, human ancestors flourished here. Xi 'an has a city history of more than 3 100 years and a national capital history of more than 3100 years. 13 dynasties successively established their capitals here, making it an ancient capital as famous as Rome. Since the Western Han Dynasty, Xi 'an has become an important city for economic and cultural exchanges and friendly exchanges between China and other countries in the world. The Silk Road began in Chang 'an and reached the ancient city of Rome in the west. "Chang 'an Culture" represents the backbone of China culture. In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, namely 1369, Fengyuan Road was changed to Xi 'an Residence, and the name of Xi 'an has been used ever since. 19 1 1 After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, Xi 'an was one of the earliest provincial capitals in China. 1936 65438+February 12, the "Xi incident" that shocked China and foreign countries happened here. After the incident, the Eighth Route Army's Xi office sent a large number of young intellectuals and military supplies to the Yan 'an revolutionary base. Party and state leaders Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping and Ye Jianying all led the revolutionary struggle here.

1949 On May 20th, Xi 'an was liberated. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Xi 'an was once the seat of the Northwest Bureau of the Central Committee and the Northwest Administrative Committee, and was a municipality directly under the Central People's Government. 1954 changed to provincial capital city; 1984 was listed as a city under separate state planning by the State Council; 1992 was approved as an inland open city; 1994 was approved as a national pilot city for comprehensive reform and a sub-provincial city. After more than 50 years of construction and development, Xi has formed a relatively complete industrial system and urban service system, and has become an important scientific research, higher education, national defense science and technology industry and high-tech industrial base in China, as well as a center of finance, science and technology, education, tourism and commerce radiating to the central and western regions of the north.

Xi has a strong cultural atmosphere, which has a certain influence at home and abroad, whether it is literary creation, dance art, instrumental performance, painting and calligraphy style, traditional drama, folk performance art and ancient cultural relics collection.

Overview of Xi 'an Folk Culture

Sugar blower

Folk "Sugar Blower" artists, when heating the caramel to a proper temperature, tear it off, knead it into a ball, press out a deep hole with a small amount of starch with their forefinger, tighten the outer mouth, pull it out quickly, and suddenly break the candy when it reaches a certain fineness. At this time, the candy is like a thin tube, which is immediately blown into shape by mouth. The whole operation process has to go through hard training, the technique should be accurate, and the modeling should be concise and vivid. The key technology of sugar blower is the skill of blowing and kneading. The sugar maker first holds a small piece of maltose in his palm, then clenches his fist, passes the fingers of the other hand through the palm, piles the sugar into a tube, bites off the top of the tube and can blow it. Sugar makers puffed up their cheeks, and were soon blown into thin-skinned, hollow oblate spheres, and then by ingenious and changeable methods, they squeezed out flowers, birds, fish, insects and people of various shapes, and some of them were painted with colorful colors.

paper cutting

In the cradle of the Chinese nation, profound national culture has been nurtured and developed. Paper-cutting, commonly known as window grilles, is one of the contents of national culture. As a folk art form with a long history, paper-cutting is deeply loved by people of all ethnic groups in China, among which paper-cutting in northern Shaanxi is still eye-catching. Paper-cutting in northern Shaanxi contains the style of Qin and Han dynasties, which is slim and beautiful, and rough and generous. It has been exhibited in Xi, Beijing and other places for several years and has been well received.

Fengxiang woodcut new year pictures

According to historical records, it has a history of 476 years. According to the ancestral archives of a business family, in the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1507), there were eight families in the Tai family in Xiaoli Village who were engaged in the sideline of New Year pictures. As early as the 55th year of Qing Qianlong (1790), the Dai family set up a "painting bureau" for early New Year pictures, which has lasted for six generations 190 years. Fengxiang woodblock New Year pictures grow from small to large, from coarse to fine. After several ups and downs, it has become the leading folk New Year picture resort in northwest China. In the course of nearly two centuries, Taishixing Painting Bureau, based on Fengxiang and facing the whole country, has played a great role in promoting the outside world.

Fengxiang clay sculpture

Liu Ying, Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province has a history of more than 400 years. There are 100 kinds of dramatic figures, mythical figures, birds and animals in painted clay sculptures. These clay sculptures are colorful, vivid, exaggerated, concise, simple and generous, and interesting. The most popular are lying cows, standing tigers, hanging tigers and fat dolls. Most of these painted clay sculptures are regarded as the best products for festivals in rural areas of northwest provinces, or as souvenirs of children's full moon, decorations for family daily decoration and gifts for relatives and friends. In recent years, Fengxiang colored plastic sculpture has been listed as a tourist souvenir in Shaanxi Province and widely supplied to the outside world.

Ansai waist drum

Waist drum is a common activity in folk dance, which has been heard all the time. Today, people in Shaanxi, especially young men and women in northern Shaanxi, lean across their belts and wear waist drums in their leisure time, each holding a small stick, and gongs and hairpin are knocked together. The sound of "bang, bang, bang" is crisp and loud, which is particularly pleasing to the ear. In schools and organizations all over Shaanxi, teenagers will organize performances of waist drums every festival, which is the most attractive purpose for the audience, and Ansai waist drum in northern Shaanxi is unique.

Luochuan turtle bone

The drum dance in Luochuan folk dance in northern Shaanxi is unique. Legend has it that it was developed from the practice of Qin and Han sergeants. This dance and drumming activity has taken root among the people and has been passed down from generation to generation. During the performance, the drummer wore a samurai headscarf, a hero flower, a combat uniform, a flag on his back, a moire skirt on his leg, leggings, and combat boots, and hung a two-foot wide drum on his chest, jumping and playing, which was fierce and fierce. This team is changeable, timely and orderly. On September 27th, the celebration of 1989 "world tourism day" was held in Xi 'an, and Luochuan's wonderful drumming performance was warmly welcomed by Chinese and foreign audiences.

Niulagu

The "Cattle Pulling Drum" in Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province is a unique project encouraged by the people. During the performance of "Yellow Cattle Pulling Drums", two yellow cattle were dressed in red, each pulling a cart with a big drum on top, and the drummer turned his back to the front and faced hundreds of drummers behind him. While knocking, he made a command drum, and the drum resounded through the sky. Drummers are all dressed in colorful clothes, with white towels and ribbons around their waists, echoing back and forth and cooperating tacitly. During large-scale celebrations or festivals, "Cow Drum" is a must-perform program to feast the eyes of the audience.

Jiaolonggu

"Dragon Drum" is a unique project of folk activities in Shaanxi. Popular in Wangcun Township, Ganxian County, it has become a well-known folk percussion art activity inside and outside the province with its rough and bold, complete and beautiful colors and performances. According to legend, Liang Mei, the eunuch of Dawang Village in Ming Dynasty, retired to his hometown in the 21st year of Wanli (1593). He once organized all kinds of entertainment activities, among which "Dragon Drum" was taught by himself. For hundreds of years, this traditional program has been rooted in and perfected by the people. Every year until the 13th day of the first month, all the gongs and drums teams in Dawang Village beat each other from all the streets, and finally gathered in front of Sanyi Temple in the east of the village, where they fought each other and were very lively.

Running drum

Running drum, which is popular in linyou county, Shaanxi Province, is one of the traditional encouragements of Han nationality. During the performance, there are two drums on each side of the venue. Two drummers, wearing samurai underwear, scarves or hats, danced to the drums. Drums should be in harmony with gongs, cymbals and hairpin. When drummers beat drums, they follow a certain beat from slow to fast and from slow to tight; In fierce places, not only the beating of cymbals is changeable, but also the sound of gongs and drums inserted in the air, as well as the shouts of songs, one after another, the voices echo each other, and the atmosphere is strong but not chaotic.

Shaanxi opera

Shaanxi opera, also called "random play", is high-pitched and passionate, and requires singing with real voice, so it maintains the original and bold characteristics. Its roles can be divided into more than ten kinds: Lao Dan, Zheng Dan, Xiao Dan, Hua Dan, Wu Dan, Media Dan, Old Student, Xu Sheng, Xiao Sheng, Dajing, Mao Jing and Clown. This is one of the oldest operas in China. It matured in Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, prevailed in the north and south in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and had a great influence on many operas. Its characteristics are: impassioned and loud. Mainly popular in the northwest, deeply loved by the masses. Its singing, to put it bluntly, Luban, Facebook, characters and role categories are all self-contained. There are more than 700 repertoires preserved in Shaanxi Opera, which is the first of all kinds of operas.

Northern Shaanxi storytelling

According to word of mouth, storytelling in northern Shaanxi has been carried out in Yulin area in the long feudal society. At that time, the pipa was called Scorpion (the instrument was like a big scorpion), and two pieces of wood were called Lengzi. Many artists or blind artists make a living by telling stories by playing the pipa and tapping the board, and mostly sing "Lotus Falls" by tapping the bamboo board with "double tones". Later, tones such as disyllabic, monosyllabic, falling tone, adagio and bamboo board were gradually formed in northern Shanxi and northern Shaanxi. There are as many ballads of "Nine Shen and Eighteen Tunes" in northern Shaanxi, and the pipa is popular in Yan 'an, Ganquan, Yanchang and Wuqi. Sanxian is popular in Suide, Shenmu, Fugu, Inner Mongolia, Yellow River and some surrounding counties in Gansu Province, and the storytelling is monosyllabic; Jia county and Wubao are East Roads; Dingbian, Zhidan, Jingbian and Xiliang Plum Blossoms. There are three kinds of double tones: adagio, martial arts, allegro and both long and short books.

Shaanxi shadow play

Shadow play, also known as "light and shadow", is an ancient and peculiar folk opera art in China, which is very popular in Guanzhong area. Shadow play is simple in performance, broad in performance field and superb in acting. It is active in the vast rural areas and is well received by farmers. Shadow play is very elaborate, and the materials used in shadow play are very particular. Soak the donkey skin or cowhide in water to make it smooth and transparent, then carefully carve it and paint it with bright colors. People, animals, etc. Carved into silhouette, dried and painted with tung oil. The limbs and head can move, and the performance is constrained by slender branches. Use a piece of white gauze as the screen during the performance (the screen size depends on the venue, basically like the screen of a small movie). The shadow puppeteer stood under the screen and glued the shadow puppeteer to the screen. The light came out from behind, and the audience sat opposite the light and watched. Shadow play is mainly based on Shaanxi opera, and the singer and the manipulator cooperate tacitly. Skillful performers are called "Bashi" in Guanzhong, and they have two or even three shadow puppetries in one hand, and their routines are not chaotic and dazzling. full of green.

The fifteenth day of the first month is Lantern Festival.

Lantern Festival, also known as off-year, falls on the 15th. From the fifth day of the first month (or from the sixth day), my uncle began to send lights to my nephew, adoptive father and wet nurse. Generally, a child is given an extra pair of lights, each pair of lights has ten candles, and an extra child is given an extra light, as well as a bundle of twists and a bag of cakes. Twelve years in a row. Parents also give their married daughters a pair of red-wheel lanterns (palace lanterns) or glass lanterns and a pair of lanterns in the first year, which are called chasing lanterns and small lanterns for grandchildren. After receiving it, the children play (pick) the lights every night, and play in groups until fifteen. On the fifteenth night, lanterns are hung high in front of every household and candles are lit in the corner of the yard, which means that ghosts and evil spirits have nowhere to hide. Newly married daughter-in-law/kloc-went home to "hide from the lights" on the evening of 0/4, and returned on 0/6. Children can continue to play with lanterns, and lanterns will continue to hang until they are all taken away on the 17th.

Ten eccentrics in Guanzhong

As the saying goes, "a hundred miles of different winds, ten miles of different customs." In this yellow land of Shaanxi, due to the influence of climate, economy and culture, Shaanxi people (Guanzhong people) have formed some unique ways in food, clothing, housing, transportation and music, which are called "Top Ten Monsters in Shaanxi" (that is, "Top Ten Monsters in Guanzhong"), and some people say ". In the past, rural areas in Baqiao area were particularly prominent in this respect.

First, noodles are like belt noodles.

Noodles are as wide as belts. Lamian Noodles is also called biang-biang noodles. There is a difference between the authentic biang-biang noodles made by Guanzhong people and the Lamian Noodles that city people usually eat. Authentic biang-biang noodles, the width of a noodle can reach two or three inches, and the length is about 1 meter. When it is thick, it is similar to copper coins, and when it is thin, it is like cicadas.

Second, a pot helmet is like a pot cover.

Marijuana helmets are pies. Legend has it that during the Qin Dynasty, Qin Jun unified the six countries and fought everywhere. The dry food carried by soldiers in the army was easily moldy and deteriorated. So, the cooks in the army invented today's pot helmet. Another story says that when Ganling was built in the Tang Dynasty, the construction progress was often delayed and punished because of the excessive number of soldiers and craftsmen serving. So, a soldier anxiously put the dough into his helmet and baked it into a cake in the fire. Guo Kun-mo has been in Shaanxi for thousands of years anyway.

Third, a hot pepper dish.

Pepper's "spicy oil" in Shaanxi is a serious dish. Even the front door of every household in Xi 'an is covered with a string of gratifying red peppers, so there is a saying: "Sichuanese are not afraid of spicy, Hunan people are not afraid of spicy, and Shaanxi people are not afraid of spicy!"

Fourth, it's hard to tell a bowl from a basin.

When eating in Laoshan Mountain, he likes to use the blue and white porcelain bowls made in Yaozhou. The locals call it "Old Bowl". This old bowl is even bigger than a small one, so it is often difficult to distinguish a bowl from a basin. In the rural areas of Guanzhong, every time when eating, men squatted in front of the village, in front of the door and under the tree with big and old bowls, chatting while eating, with relish. This is the famous "Old Bowl Club".

Five, dad put it on his head.

In the past, the Guanzhong area was rich in cotton, and local people used to wear handkerchiefs made of cotton on their heads, which could not only prevent dust, rain and sun, but also wipe sweat and carry bags.

Six, the house is half covered

No matter in Xi or in the rural areas of Guanzhong, houses built on one side can be seen everywhere. It is said that Shaanxi is dry and lacks rain, so the houses built here can let all the precious rain flow to their own fields, which is the so-called "rich water does not flow to outsiders".

Seven, the girl is not foreign.

The land in Guanzhong area is fertile, so few people travel to other places to survive. Therefore, there is a saying that "it is better to stay at home than to go out" and a folk proverb that "you can't leave Tongguan (Tongguan) and Sichuan". For a long time, not only men don't travel far, but even girls don't marry far away. Nowadays, it is not surprising that people get married next door. Some villages also build "girls' houses" for girls who don't want to get married and leave home, which not only attracts more foreign talents for building new countryside, but also ends girls' wishes.

Eight, don't sit up.

Because men in Guanzhong have to squat together for three meals a day to have an "old bowl meeting", one squat is more than an hour or even longer, and in winter people like to squat in the sun or play chess, so Guanzhong has developed the habit of squatting.

Nine, pillow stone

Shaanxi people don't like soft pillows, so they choose wooden pillows and stone pillows. This is inseparable from the straightforwardness of Shaanxi people. In Shaanxi, when the heat is unbearable, when the plowman sleeps at night, he prefers to rest a brick or stone as a pillow and sleep soundly on it. Moreover, Shaanxi people affectionately call it "gold does not change", which means that the treasure that is not exchanged with gold is enough to see how the real Shaanxi people are attached to and obsessed with this pillow with stones and stones under their heads.

X. Singing and Shouting

Singing opera means singing Shaanxi opera. It is characterized by high excitement and extreme haste. Especially the singing of Hualien, tearing open the mulberry and shouting loudly. Locals call it "earning a broken head". The foreigner didn't understand the taste, and joked, "First, the stage should be strong and not collapse;" Second, actors should be healthy and avoid getting sick; Third, the audience should be courageous so as not to be scared to death. "