Ask for an article to evaluate Kunming's tourism resources.

Yunnan's tourism industry, which successfully hosted the '99 China Kunming World Horticultural Exposition, has developed rapidly. 1999, the province received nearly 38 million tourists, and the total tourism revenue exceeded 20 billion for the first time, reaching 20.4 billion, an increase of 49% over 1998. In order to make Yunnan's tourism enter the 2 1 century smoothly, realize the goal of building Yunnan into a strong tourism province and promote the sustainable development of tourism, on the basis of analyzing the advantages of Yunnan's tourism resources, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the development of tourism resources.

First, the characteristics of Yunnan tourism resources

Yunnan is known as "the south of colorful clouds, the Sect of thousands of greens". Here are magnificent mountains and rivers and beautiful natural scenery. The southernmost snow-capped mountains, dense virgin forests, steep and deep canyons and typical karst landforms in the northern hemisphere make Yunnan a museum of natural scenery. In addition, Yunnan's numerous historical sites, colorful folk customs and mysterious religious culture have added infinite charm to Yunnan.

From the distribution, composition, landscape quality and characteristics, development degree and social situation of Yunnan tourism resources, the characteristics of Yunnan tourism resources can be summarized as follows:

1, diversity

Yunnan has beautiful mountains and rivers, and its tourism resources are complex and varied. Natural landscape and human landscape are very rich, with a three-dimensional climate in cold and warm regions; There are magnificent mountains and rivers; There are ancient and long-standing historical and cultural relics and historical sites of modern revolution; There are also distinctive multi-ethnic cultures; There are many strange and typical geological phenomena, rich mineral deposits and animal and plant communities; There are a lot of peaks and cliffs, rapids and caves for climbing and drifting exploration; Numerous plateau lakes provide beautiful places for water sports; There are also various mineral springs for people to relax and recuperate. At an altitude of 76.4 ~ 6,740 meters, the great vertical change of geological structure and special geographical location make Yunnan almost cover all climate types and scenic spots from Hainan Island to Heilongjiang Province in China: there are not only tropical rain forest scenery, snowy grassland scenery, but also snow mountain glaciers with the lowest latitude in the northern hemisphere. The magnificent stone forest and the "Three Parallel Rivers" are unique in the world. In addition, the special geographical location makes Yunnan a bridge connecting Chinese mainland with Southeast Asia and South Asia, and a meeting point of Central Plains culture, Tibetan culture, Southeast Asia culture and Western culture. Form the diversity of Yunnan's tourism resources combination.

2. Strangeness

Comparing the numerous landscapes in Yunnan Province with similar or similar landscapes at home and abroad, we can draw the conclusion that the geoscience landscapes in many areas of Yunnan Province are unique, and some landscapes can be called the natural wonders of the world, which constitute the advantages of tourism resources. For example, the landscape of "Three Parallel Rivers" is magnificent; Tiger Leaping Gorge is famous for its magnificence and adventure. It is one of the deepest canyons in the world. Kunming Shilin is famous for its special karst landscape with high stone buds. Yulong Snow Mountain is a modern glacier type and the lowest latitude glacier in the world. There is snow all year round here, and the four seasons at the foot of the mountain are like spring. From the valley at the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, it has a complete vertical natural landscape of subtropical zone, temperate zone and cold zone. The Nujiang Grand Canyon is known as the "Oriental Grand Canyon", with a total length of 3 10 km and an average depth of 2000 meters, which is deeper than the Carola Grand Canyon in the United States and is a world-famous grand canyon. Tengchong Volcano Group is located on the edge of India and Eurasia, with complete types, large scale, complete preservation and concentrated distribution, ranking first in the country. The swallow cave in Jianshui is a special underground karst landscape and one of the largest and most spectacular caves in Asia.

3. Regionality

The province's tourism resources are widely distributed, except Kunming, Shilin, Dali and Xishuangbanna, which have long enjoyed a good reputation. They are widely distributed in northwest Yunnan, central Yunnan, northeast Yunnan and southwest Yunnan, and are concentrated to some extent, forming a landscape area. Almost all provinces, prefectures, cities and counties have scenic spots and attractions, and each has its own characteristics. However, the distribution of various tourist landscape resources is limited by certain regions, such as the significant differences between eastern Yunnan and western Yunnan and the geographical distribution of ethnic minorities.

4. Multi-ethnic

Yunnan's ethnic tourism resources are distinctive, rich and diverse. Among the 55 ethnic minorities in China, there are 25 ethnic minorities with more than 5/kloc-0 and 5,000 people in Yunnan, including Bai, Hani, Dai, Wa, Lahu, Naxi, Jingpo, Bulang, Achang, Pumi, Nu, De 'ang, Dulong and Jino. In the long-term production and life, all ethnic groups have formed various national cultures, customs, festivals, costumes and cottage buildings with different styles, which constitute a major feature and advantage of Yunnan's tourism resources.

Step 5 synthesize

In the whole province, different geological landscapes, different plant landscapes, meteorological landscapes, national cultures and ethnic customs are combined to form scenic spots with different styles and characteristics. Various landscapes complement each other and rely on each other, reflecting a high degree of integration. Specific to a certain scenic spot, the combination characteristics are different and great. For example, Xishan landscape uses Dianchi Lake, city and distant mountain landscape to set off its own magnificence; Daguanlou is quaint and magical, with pavilions, pools, weeping willows, distant mountains and sunset, and has a long history and culture, which makes visitors linger. It can be seen that the organic combination makes all kinds of landscape tourism resources have extremely high swimability and constitute group value.

6. Cross border

Yunnan borders Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam, with a total length of 4060 kilometers. Among them, Yunnan section of China-Myanmar border line is 1997 km long, Yunnan section of China-Laos border line is 7 10 km long, and Yunnan section of China-Vietnam border line is 1353 km long. There are more than 20 exit highways, national ports 10, provincial ports 10, and 86 border or border people's mutual market points. There are 16 ethnic minorities living across the border in this province. Yunnan is connected with Southeast Asia and South Asia, with mountains, water and people, forming a great geographical advantage, making Yunnan the best place for folk customs and border tourism. There are temporary transit tours between China and Viet Nam, China and Laos, China and Myanmar. Kunming International Travel Service and Thailand set up a joint venture company in Bangkok, which has greatly increased the number of Southeast Asian tourists visiting Yunnan and fully demonstrated the potential of transnational tourism.

7. Ecology

The bio-tourism landscape in Yunnan Province is rich and unique, and it is known as the "plant kingdom", "animal kingdom" and "flower kingdom". Many animal and plant types have high ornamental value and well-preserved natural ecosystems, and are the provinces with the largest number of nature reserves in China. It is well known that the tropical ecosystem in Xishuangbanna is primitive and typical. A jade on the tropic of cancer "; Kunming World Expo Park, including five exhibition halls and six theme parks, is a popular science eco-tourism resort integrating exquisite gardens and exotic flowers and plants from all over the world. Shangri-La Eco-tourism Demonstration Zone, located in the northwest of Yunnan, fully embodies the theme of harmonious coexistence between man and nature and "harmony between man and nature" and has become a major eco-tourism landscape in Yunnan.

8. Potential

Yunnan province is located in the southwest border of the motherland, which is rich in tourism resources, but most of them have not been developed and utilized. There is still great potential for utilization and excavation. For example, Meili Snow Mountain, located in Deqin County, Zhongdian, is connected by ice peaks, and the snow is boundless, just like a sword. At present, it is still in a semi-developed state, and its main peak, Kage Peak, is the highest point at an altitude of 6740 meters in Yunnan. No one has reached the top so far? Virgin peak "; Gaoligong Mountain, located on both sides of the Nujiang River, is a national nature reserve with rich animal and plant resources and magnificent scenery. It is a virgin land to be developed. The Lancang River (Mekong River), known as the "East Danube", is a famous international river in Southeast Asia and is currently being developed. In addition, such as Shi Baoshan, Weibaoshan, Tengchong, northeastern Yunnan and other places, many wonders of the world have not yet shown their charm to tourists, and they are in an ignorant state hidden in the mountains; Many tourist resources that have been developed or are being developed, such as Dali and Xishuangbanna, need to be further developed, constantly supplemented, endowed with new vitality and fully tapped.

Second, Yunnan tourism resources development problems

In order to transform the advantages of tourism resources into economic advantages, the Yunnan Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government made the decision of 1995 to develop tourism into a new pillar industry, which accelerated the pace of development and construction of tourism resources in Yunnan.

At present, Yunnan has developed and built a large number of scenic tourist areas and tourist service facilities with local characteristics, and basically formed five major tourist areas with Kunming as the center and Kunming, Lijiang, Dali, Jinghong and Ruili as the focus, building central Yunnan, northwest Yunnan, west Yunnan, southwest Yunnan and southeast Yunnan. However, while gratifying achievements have been made in the development of tourism resources in Yunnan, there are also many problems that cannot be ignored.

1, the overall development level of resources is not high.

Except for Kunming tourist area, the construction of outside tourist facilities is poor. For example, the eastern tourist routes are dominated by stone forests, caves and plateau lakes, and the scenic spots cover a large area. However, the tourist routes are long, the scenic spots are poorly developed, the service facilities are not matched, and the development of landscape resources is relatively simple, resulting in the waste of resource characteristics and the lack of systematicness and integrity in development.

2. Poor industry management

The development of tourism resources in Yunnan lacks unified planning and management, and the phenomenon of blind development often occurs. A considerable number of key tourism resources with high environmental quality, excellent historical and cultural value, artistic appreciation value and scientific investigation value cannot be developed in a new or deep level, and their utilization efficiency is not high. In some places, due to improper industry management, landscape destruction and repeated construction of scenic spots, the image of Yunnan tourism destination has been greatly damaged.

3. Poor awareness of protection

In the process of development, the awareness of resource protection is poor, and the damage to tourism resources still exists, with serious man-made and constructive damage. For example:

(1) Dali Ancient City is a well-preserved ancient city in China and the first batch of famous historical and cultural cities announced by the state. In the development and construction of tourism, the original slate ground in the ancient city is not conducive to the travel of coaches. Removing the slate and replacing it with asphalt road is incompatible with the style of the ancient city and destroys the characteristics of Shicheng.

(2) The stone pillars around the Stone Forest and some precious geological phenomena were destroyed in the quarrying activities;

(3) Large-scale logging activities around Lugu Lake have seriously damaged the ecological environment of the lake area, aggravated soil erosion, made the lake seriously silted up, and mudslides often occurred around the lake, affecting the natural landscape;

(4) Due to the influence of human activities, the landscape quality of some grasslands and swamps in Zhongdian area is reduced;

(5) Dianchi Lake, Erhai Lake and other high-quality scenic spots are affected and threatened by pollution, while the landscapes of Yangzonghai Lake, Yilong Lake and Xingyun Lake are seriously affected by human activities.

4. Lack of development funds.

The source of funds for the development of tourism resources in Yunnan is unstable. The development and construction of tourism resources itself has the characteristics of long construction period and large capital consumption. At present, the funds for tourism development in Yunnan Province are basically allocated by the government. Although the government has also set up a tourism development fund, it is still a drop in the bucket. Therefore, some good tourism projects have been stranded due to financial problems, and their development speed is far from meeting the rapid growth of tourists. In addition, due to the lack of funds, the supporting transportation, energy and its own infrastructure owe too much, which restricts the development of tourism in Yunnan. Many landscape resources are located in remote areas, with backward transportation facilities and poor accessibility, which leads to these valuable landscapes being little known.

5. Poor environmental management

Many scenic spots, due to poor environmental management, directly damaged the tourism image of Yunnan. Although local governments have invested a certain amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources in environmental sanitation, the results are not great. Dirty, chaotic and poor tourism resources have damaged the tourists' beautiful feelings, even aroused their own antipathy, resulting in short stay time, little turn around and bad reputation among tourists.

6. Insufficient publicity.

Due to insufficient publicity, many scenic spots and tourist areas in Yunnan have been little known for many years, resulting in a great waste of tourism resources, which were developed more than ten years or even decades later than other developed tourist areas. Thailand spends 30% of its tourism revenue every year to promote its tourism around the world, while the United States spends more, while Yunnan spends less than 5% of its tourism revenue every year.

In addition, the lack of talents in resource development and planning, the local government's insufficient understanding of tourism resources development and protection policies, and the unbalanced economic development in various regions are also important factors restricting the development of tourism resources and tourism in Yunnan.

Three. Countermeasures and suggestions

In view of the characteristics of Yunnan tourism resources and the problems existing in the development and management, and drawing on years of experience, the following suggestions are put forward for reference.

1. Transform government functions and intensify development.

The Ninth Five-Year Plan is a crucial period for Yunnan's tourism development. We should adhere to the all-round development of society, economy and ecology, change government functions in an all-round way, organize forces to conduct a comprehensive survey and evaluation of Yunnan's tourism resources, give certain preferential policies, increase development efforts, give full play to Yunnan's natural tourism resources, cultural tourism sources and location advantages, face Southeast Asia, serve the whole country, radiate southwest China, and give priority to deep development. Focus on the development of different tourism resources with broad market prospects, good environmental quality and large capacity, which can meet the needs of tourists for sightseeing, enjoyment, visiting friends, recuperation, vacation, exploration and investigation.

2. Strengthen the legal system and strengthen law enforcement.

Formulate and improve the policies and regulations on the development of tourism resources, so that the development of tourism resources in Yunnan can be based on laws, severely punish the acts of violating laws and regulations and destroying resources, ensure the smooth development of resources, and put the development of tourism resources in Yunnan on the right track.

3. Actively advocate eco-tourism and realize the protective development of resources.

Actively advocate eco-tourism, make eco-tourism enter people's lives, and gradually become a fashion, promote the development of tourism with tourism, strengthen the protection of tourism resources, and realize the protective development of resources.

4. Conduct all-round and multi-level in-depth development.

Based on the advantages of natural tourism resources, we should strengthen the development and utilization of resources, pay attention to the utilization and development of humanistic tourism resources, organically combine them, carry out all-round and multi-level in-depth development, actively guide and support those tourist destinations with great market potential and perfect functions, and develop undeveloped tourism resources through multiple channels. The developed tourism resources should constantly improve their functions and increase their depth and connotation.

5. Broaden financial resources, raise funds from various sources, and implement funds for the development and construction of tourism resources.

The development and construction of Yunnan tourism resources must combine the utilization of domestic capital with the introduction of foreign capital; The state, localities, departments, collectives and individuals should make joint efforts to mobilize all social forces and actively strive for the support of national special construction funds; Establish a tourism development fund; Improve the investment environment and actively introduce foreign capital; Raising social funds in various forms and channels, broadening financial resources and raising funds in various ways have solved the problem of insufficient funds for tourism resources development in Yunnan, which has played a good demonstration role in the large-scale development of the western region.

6. Adhere to the sustainable utilization of tourism resources.

To develop Yunnan's tourism resources, we should establish a long-term concept and preserve precious natural and cultural heritage for future generations. We should not only pay attention to immediate interests, but also realize the development, effect and protection of tourism resources, so as to make Yunnan's society, economy, ecology and environment develop healthily and harmoniously, create good living space and tourist areas. Taking the first Kunming International Tourism Festival as an opportunity, we should seize the favorable opportunity of western development and realize the sustained growth and strong development of Yunnan's tourism industry.

References:

[1], Zhong, Ming: Ecotourism, Higher Education Press, 2000.

[2] Yang Zhenzhi: "Tourism Resources Development", Sichuan People's Publishing House, 1996.

[3] Ouyang Guobin: "Study on Yunnan's Superior Resources", Yunnan Science and Technology Press, 1996.

[4] Shen Anbo, editor-in-chief: New Situation in Yunnan Province, Yunnan People's Publishing House, 1996.

[5] Yang Guihua: "Highlighting the characteristics and deepening the development of Yunnan's natural tourism resources", "Collection of research on key disciplines of tourism economy of Yunnan University", 1996.