Longguang town tourist attractions

The "Five Provincial Guild Hall", also known as the "Five Provincial Palace", is a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit, located in the downtown area of Changfangba.

In the 12th year of the Republic of China (1923), Yuan Zuming (Ding Qing), the eldest son of Yuan Tingtai, led the army out of Guizhou and moved to four provinces of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Shaanxi, winning every battle. Beiyang warlord Wu wanted to win the net back and appointed Yuan Zuming as the "Commander-in-Chief of the Five Provinces Allied Forces". When Yuan Tingtai learned that he was pretentious, he built the "Five Provincial Palace" at the Rectangular Dam and named it "Five Provincial Guild Hall". Offering the monument of "Five Stars Gathering Kui" is actually to commemorate Yuan Zuming's official promotion and show off his power in the Yuan family.

The "Five Provincial Guild Hall" is a four-in-one courtyard, covering an area of nearly two acres, with five main halls, three hatchbacks and five gatehouses, all of which are brick-wood structures and shingles. The patio dam is equipped with flower beds and plants such as magnolia, laurel and cherry. It was once the place where Yuan Tingtai sat in Longguang. Now, except for the stage of the gatehouse, which was demolished and converted into an office building, the rest are well preserved and can be visited by tourists.

Woxue mountain villa

Located in the resident of Longguang Town People's Government, it is 32 kilometers away from Anlong County and 39 kilometers away from Xingyi, the capital of Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in southwest Guizhou.

In southwest Guizhou, the ranking of rural big market towns is called "Touqingshan (now Qingshan Town, Pu 'an County), Liangxiang (now Zhexiang Town, Zhenfeng County) and Sanlongguang (now Longguang Town, Yilong New District)". Among them, in the old street of Longguang Town, "Woxue Mountain Villa" is well known.

Woxue Mountain Villa was built in the 6th year of the Republic of China (19 17), which was built by Yuan Tingtai, the father of a generation of lean Yuan Zuming who had an influence all over the country in the middle and early period of the Republic of China.

Yuan Tingtai,no. Gan Cheng, whose father Yuan Shaoxuan had taken refuge in the rebel army during the White Flag Uprising and was escorted to Guiyang for execution after the war; His mother, Chua Meier, committed suicide. Yuan Zailongguang's property was also confiscated by the government. At this time, Yuan Tingtai was only 4 years old and was raised by his mother Li. Li frugally went to a private school to study, and often warned Yuan Tingtai to learn civil and military skills in order to revive his family business. Yuan Tingtai is diligent and studious, and his martial arts skills are high, so he is highly valued by his teachers and friends.

A little longer, Yuan Tingtai went back to his hometown to do homespun business and bought his own house in business. He was calculating and trustworthy, which was highly valued by Enron at that time. Because Yuan Tingtai is diligent in studying poetry and books, he is also closely related to the local elites and Liu Zhiyuan.

After the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), the troops of the Hui people's Party in Guangxi often crossed the Nanpanjiang River, burning, killing and looting, harassing various prefectures and counties. Because Yuan Tingtai has been practicing martial arts since childhood, much like his father's ancestors, the gentry recommended him as the general manager of Xixiang regiment in Xingyi Prefecture. Yuan Tingtai abandoned the business army. He is diligent, strict and self-disciplined, and has achieved remarkable results. He was highly valued by Shi Tingdong, the magistrate of Xingyi, and entrusted him with full authority to handle the affairs of the Western District. Yuan Tingtai began to become famous in eight counties in Panjiang, and the Yuan family in Longguang also took a solid step to make a comeback.

His son, Yuan Zuming, became famous in southwest China with his outstanding achievements in protecting the country and protecting the law. He used to be the governor of Guizhou, commander-in-chief of the allied forces in five provinces, commander-in-chief of the left wing of the Northern Expedition Army, and was a famous general of the Guizhou Army in China. The Yuan family made a comeback.

A landmark event of Yuan's comeback in Longguang is that Yuan Tingtai built the "Sleeping Snow Villa" in Longguang Town.

When the Woxue Mountain Villa was built in those years, Yuan Tingtai hired Wang Renxiao (a native of Dafang County, Guizhou Province, recruited at the age of 16, incorporated into Zhongying in Anyi Town, and then stayed in Anlong) to lead the construction.

Woxue Mountain Villa, a combination of Chinese and western styles, is a typical building of the Republic of China style in southern China. Brick walls are surrounded by small blue tile roofs, bucket structures and hard mountains. The first floor and the bottom floor are composed of the main room, the east-west hatchback and the opposite door. There are seven main halls and opposite halls, which are solemn and unusual. The doors and windows are decorated with European arches, and the details are made of bricks and cabbage, which are exquisite and delicate. Standing in the quadrangle, I observed the front eaves of the main house, the east and west hatchbacks, and the back eaves of the opposite doors.

Roman columns are made of bricks with arches between them. After the eaves column, the gold column began to use floor-to-floor wooden columns, and doors, windows, panels and other decorations were added between the wooden columns to form a corridor with the outer brick columns. So the patio is surrounded by the main room, the east and west compartments and the cloisters around the opposite door. The roof of each house is covered with corner ditches. Coincidentally, the brick eaves at the bottom of the corner ditch are at right angles to the columns, and a special tile pipe is installed at the right angle to connect the bottom of the corner ditch on the roof with the ground, forming a very ingenious drainage pipeline. There are many nuances in this building, so I won't go into them here.

This group of quadrangles in Woxue Mountain Villa can accommodate 200 to 300 people. At that time, its guest house displayed famous paintings and calligraphy, jade antiques, which was extremely luxurious and was a place to entertain dignitaries. Outdoor gardens, fish ponds, rockeries and potted flowers are all listed. They are rich in names and magnificent, like the home of a prince. The villagers call it the "Dragon Light Pyramid".

1920, Yuan Tingtai built a "festival square" in front of the "Woxue Mountain Villa" to show filial piety to his mother Cai and Li Er. The stone archway is exquisitely carved, with flowers, birds, fish and insects and lifelike characters. According to local people, its embossed horn has holes, which can make a sound when blown. Unfortunately, it was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, and now the base is gone.

The villa is called "Lying Snow", which is clear and elegant.

Yuan Tingtai is good at classics and history, and the name he gave his house has its own essence. For his Yuan family, the name "Lying Snow" has a long history, and it is taken from the idiom "Yuan An is trapped in snow", which means that Gao Shi lives in poverty but has integrity.

It is recorded in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty Yuan An Chuan: "When there was heavy snow, Luoyang ordered him to make a case, and everyone was snowing and there were beggars. There is no way to get to Yuan 'anmen. It is said that Ann is dead, which makes people get rid of the snow and see Ann lying stiff. Ask why not. An said,' People are hungry in heavy snow, so it is not appropriate to fuck people'. Make it virtuous and raise its filial piety. "

The meaning of this story is: One winter, Luoyang ordered to take the snow to visit Yuan An, who was not an official and lived in Luoyang. The snow in Yuan An's yard was deep, and he was trapped. Luoyang ordered people to remove snow and enter the house. Yuan was curled up in bed with cold. Luoyang Ling asked, "Why don't you ask your neighbors for help?" Yuan An replied: "Everyone works hard in snowy days, so don't bother others any more." Luoyang made him admire his virtue, so he was called filial.

Yuan was born in Ruyang, Runan (now southwest of Shangshui County, Henan Province), and was a minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Little family education, filial piety to parents, strict management of subordinates after entering the official, officials are afraid and love. During the reign of Emperor Han Ming, he held senior positions such as prefect, held a strict political title, had awesome capital and enjoyed a high reputation in the imperial court. During the reign of the Han Dynasty and the emperor, Dou Taihou became an exclusive consort, which led to boiling public resentment. Yuan An is outspoken and outspoken. He wrote many times to impeach the powerful Dou, which Dou Taihou could not accept. However, Yuan Anjie was so arrogant that Dou's family didn't hurt him. After Yuan An's descendants, many senior officials became prominent officials, and Yuan's family in Runan became a famous aristocratic family in the Eastern Han Dynasty. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yuan Shao and Yuan Shu were both from Yuan An.

Later generations regard "lying in the snow" as the standard of being poor and lofty. In the Tang Dynasty, Huangfu Zeng's poem "Appreciating Zheng Shiyu in Autumn Night" said: "If you lose the forest in the middle of the night, you will be Jiang Huasheng. If you don't resign from the government, you will know the distant mountains. It is difficult for Gao Liu to set the wind, but the cold spring helps the Ming Dynasty. Yuan Gongfang is lying in the snow, and his feet are firewood. "

Judging from the current information, we only know that Yuan Tingtai's great-grandfather Yuan Mingchao was born in Mercy, Hubei, and what is the relationship with Yuan in Runan, Henan? We dare not jump to conclusions. However, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yuan An acted uprightly, and anecdotes spread for thousands of years. Yuan Tingtai studied the history of Confucian classics when he was a child, and it is understandable to notice his allusions with the same surname.

Before Yuan An became an official, he was poor and helpless. Yuan Tingtai's 4-year-old family suffered a tragic change, and his own experience was similar to that of Yuan An. It is understandable that he is infatuated with Yuan An. More importantly, Yuan An, who is "lying in the snow", was born from him, and later generations continued to carry forward his Yuan family. In China's traditional concept, this is a fascinating thing!

Nowadays, many old people in Long Guang talk about sleeping in the Snow Mountain Villa, and they also talk about another reason, that is, "sleeping on the ice for carp", one of the twenty traditional filial piety rules in China, originated from Wang Xiang, a native of Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong) in the Western Jin Dynasty.

Wang Xiang (184-268) was named Hugh. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he lived in seclusion for 20 years. When Cao Wei was an official, he went to Dasinong, Sikong and Taiwei. He was appointed as a mausoleum. In the Western Jin Dynasty, he was named Sui Linggong. He is the great-grandfather of Wang Xizhi, a book sage.

Wang Xiang lost his mother in his early years, and his stepmother Zhu hated his guts and spoke ill of him many times in front of his father, so he lost his father's love. However, Wang Xiang is filial. He served him naked when his parents were ill. In the freezing season, the river freezes and her stepmother wants to eat live carp. Wang Xiang took off her clothes and lay on the ice. She got two live carp. After eating, the stepmother really recovered. Wang Xiang's move was included in Twenty-four Filial Pieties, and later generations often wrote poems and songs. Liu Zongyuan's long poem "Hongnong Gong was defeated by virtue and talent, and was falsely dismissed as a left official at the age of three and became a great leader" said: "... old friends are still in the same village and often get married. Long Du Xu Shao, ice carp hanging Wang Xiang ... "

Yuan Tingtai, who is familiar with history, naturally knows the story of twenty-four filial piety. But after careful analysis, he compared himself with Wang Xiang. Because, after his biological parents died, Li, who raised him, was his common mother, which was the name children used to call their father's concubine under the feudal patriarchal clan system. When Yuan Tingting was 4 years old, Li didn't abandon him to find another way out. Instead, he raised Yuan Tingtai with his own hard work and created all the conditions for him to practice martial arts. In Yuan Tingting's mind, Li Ziran, an ordinary mother, is not comparable to the vicious stepmother in Wang Xiang in the early days. Therefore, two or three years after the completion of the Woxueshan Villa, Yuan Tingtai juxtaposed his concubine Li and his biological mother Cai when building the memorial archway, and built a "festival life square" for them.

Memorial archway is a special building for future generations to commemorate their ancestors and elders to show filial piety. No matter the engraved words or patterns, allusions such as "twenty-four filial piety" are generally used. The story of "sleeping carp on the ice" in the old population of Longguang should come from the archway built after the villa was completed.

The origin of driving Guanyin cave

The State Council approved the publication of the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and the site of Longguang Guanyin Cave in Yilong New District was among them. At this point, in 1985, the site of Guanyin Cave in Longguang, which was declared as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit, became one of the "national protection".

1985 1 1.2. The People's Government of Guizhou Province announced the ancient cultural site of Guanyin Cave in Longguang County as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit. 1986, 1 In June, 2006, the People's Government of Anlong County set up a monument in Guanyin Cave, and designated special personnel to guard and protect the Guanyin Cave site. According to the archaeologists of Guizhou Provincial Museum, the unearthed cultural relics include stone tools, bone implements, animal fossils, animal bone fragments and fire remains, etc. Therefore, it is determined that the cultural age of the ancient cultural site of Guanyin Cave in Longguang is the late Paleolithic, and ancient humans lived in Guanyin Cave about 1 10,000 years ago.

The bluestone tablet erected by the People's Government of Anlong County in June1986 65438+1October in front of the Guanyindong site. Photo by Zhang Jinshu

According to the introduction of many Buyi and Han elderly people who live in Pingguang Zhaizi near Guanyin Cave, Guanyin Cave, formerly known as Ancestor Cave, is located on the hillside where Moyong Zhaizi South meets Pingguang Zhaizi North in Banla Village, Longguang Town. This mountain is called "Broken Group". According to legend, a long time ago, a "fairy" (also known as Ren Xian) lived in the cave of "Podang". Later, these "Dai people" gradually walked out of the cave, went down the mountain, looked for a flat dam area, built houses by the mountains and rivers, cleared up wasteland and mowed grass, cultivated farmland and planted crops, and changed from a savage living in a cave to a human living in a house with cultivated and cooked food, and also became a native of Longguang, known as "old households" or "begging for mercy".

A few years later, these people who "bow down and beg for mercy" will never forget the hardships of their ancestors in starting a business. On the 14th, 15th and 16th day of the seventh lunar month, everyone takes the triangular zongzi (glutinous rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves), Ciba, fire wine, pheasant and fragrant paper with their children to help the old and the young. People burn incense and paper on the hole first, and then chat in the hole. Women eat zongzi and Ciba, while men eat chicken legs and drink to remember their ancestors. The locals call it the driving ancestral cave. In this way, it has become a traditional custom of Buyi people to drive out their ancestors' caves.

It's very hot in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, so we should drive our ancestors to the caves. It is said that not only the Longguang people rushed, but also the Miao people in the neighboring area and the Zhuang people in Guangxi. Later, in the same year of the Qing Dynasty, there was a struggle between the red and white nationalities in Longguang, and the Buyi people in 48 villages in Longguang were brutally suppressed. Then the warlords scuffled and the people were restless. Local rulers believe that driving out ancestors' caves will "plot rebellion", impose prohibitions and restrictions, and begin to humiliate ethnic minorities. So in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, people stopped opening ancestral graves. In the early days of liberation, some Han Taoist priests offered Guanyin in caves, and they went into caves to recite scriptures in the first month and March of the lunar calendar. People also call "Ancestor Cave" Guanyin Cave.

In recent years, due to the opening-up of ethnic policy, Buyi people in 48 villages in Longguang have to rush to their ancestors' caves every July, which is a traditional ethnic festival with ethnic characteristics and commemorative significance. I hope the people's government will give support and guidance so that it can play a good role in the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.

Longguang 48 Village:

According to legend, "48 villages in Longguang" refers to 48 natural villages where Buyi people live in compact communities. They are: Heishan Village, Bumo Village, Shangpugang Village, Podie Village, Donggu Village, Tongbai Village, Nazao Village, Dazhai Village, Keli Village, Boluo Village, Yan Po Village, Pingzhai Village, Nalan Village, Natao Village, Moyong Village, Banla Village, Sang Na Village, Yao Zhe Village, Dongna Village, Laozhipo Village and Biza Village.

1In March, 985, the archaeologists of Guizhou Provincial Museum excavated a batch of stone products, bones and animal fossils, as well as a large number of animal bone fragments and fire remains in Guanyin Cave, a small mountain peak of Pingguang production team of Wutai Seven Star Brigade in Longguang. Archaeologists have confirmed that humans lived in Guanyin Cave more than 10,000 years ago, in the same year, 165438. Guanyin Cave is located in the southeast half slope of the mountain at the junction of Moyong Village and Pingguang Village, Banla Village, Longguang Town. According to the old people in the surrounding Buyi villages, Guanyin Cave was originally named Ancestor Cave. A long time ago, ancestors of Buyi people lived there. These ancestors were called "Daizi". Later, the population of these ancestors increased. They went out of the cave and went down the mountain to look for the surrounding flat dam. They built a house by the mountains and waters and opened it. Before the Ming and Qing Dynasties, these Buyi people had a history of not marrying foreigners, so that most of the 48 villages in Longguang formed later were villages inhabited by Buyi people. Therefore, the names of these stockades are mostly translated from Buyi pronunciation, and the source of place names is rich, such as Moyong village, which is located next to a well Longtan. There is a thick and big kudzu vine by the well, and the Buyi language by the well is "grinding"

According to legend, 48 villages in Longguang are well documented. According to historical records, it is recorded in the 1985 edition of the Geography of Guizhou Province that in the first year of Song Baoyu (1253), Anlong Cave was located in the northeast of Anlong County today 15, belonging to Guangxi West Road, which was old 12 A Anlong Cave. At that time, it was located in thousands of households in Anlong County. In the sixth year of Li Yong (1652), Emperor Li Yong changed the place where thousands of households in Anlong were located to Anlong House, and in the fifteenth year of Li Yong (1658), Anlong House was changed to Anlong House. In the sixth year of Kangxi (1667), Anlong Institute was changed to Nanlong Hall, which was subordinate to Guiyang Prefecture. In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), Nanlongdian was changed to Nanlongfu. In the second year of Jiaqing (1797), Nanlong House was renamed Xingyi House. In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), Xingyi Prefecture was renamed Nanlong County, and in the eleventh year of the Republic of China (1922), Nanlong County was renamed Anlong County. These historical facts show that during the 474 years from the first year of Song Baoyu (1253) to the fifth year of Qing Yongzheng (1727), Guizhou and Guangxi provinces were ruled by rivers, and most of Anlong County was under the jurisdiction of Sichengfu and Xilongfu in Guangxi. Today, the Buyi people in the east, northeast and southwest of Anlong County have always been the concentrated residential areas of Guangxi Tusi. Hanlong governs Flower Barrier and Anneng Di Mei. Where there are 36 villages, its Anneng Shiba Dog Village is the land of Huaide and Li Yonghua. At this time, Arnon is located 20 miles east of Enron. When Enron was established in the Ming Dynasty, the Dragon Court ruled twelve armor and two and a half armor, among which one of the ninety-six villages of Huajiajia, named "Huanglong", was actually a cloth title of "Long Guang", which was the first time that the name Long Guang appeared in historical records. According to the Historical Evolution Map of Guizhou Province in Ming Dynasty published in the first volume of Records and Geography of Guizhou Province, it is marked as "Longguangda Village". During the Qing Dynasty, Xingyi Prefecture had jurisdiction over 1373 villages, 68 pavilions and 7 villages. The area under the jurisdiction of Xingyi Prefecture (now in Anlong County) is divided into three "Li", namely Anrenli near the city, Huaideli in Dongxiang and Nanxiang, Xixiang and Beixiang. Li Yonghua has jurisdiction over 39 villages, including Natao Village, Banla Village and Nalan Village. Among them, the Taocun Village and Nalan Village are today's Taocun Village and Nalan Village. According to the second section of the Annals of Anlong County, during the Republic of China, "In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), I was transferred to Jiuzhai, Xingyi County. "On this basis, Li Yonghua has 39 villages, and 48 villages are included in Jiuzhai and * * *, which is consistent with the scope of' Longguang Village' marked on the historical evolution map of Guizhou in the Ming Dynasty. Therefore, according to historical records, the 48 villages in Longguang should be:

1, Long Square 2, Ayouzhai 3, Mianmian Village 4, Pogao Village

5. Hanbie Village 6, Aguo Village 7, Jibo Village 8, Shangshe Village

9. Xiazhezhai 10, Keyuezhai 1 1, Bazuozhai 12, Nataozhai.

13, Nala Village 14, Dongguzhai 15, Kandie Village 16, Nazaozhai.

17, poyanzhai 18, rongruozhai 19, posangzhai 20, bajiazhai

2 1, Banlazhai 22, Pingzhai 23, Bumozhai 24, Nalanzhai

25. Erlongkou 26, Dewozhai 27, Nadazhai 28, Naxizhai

29. Anwozhai 30, Jiazaozhai 3 1, Yonggezhai 32, Banyangzhai

33. Nawanzhai Azuzhai 34, Pupuzhai 35 and Biza Village 36.

37. Mo Zhai 38, Lugouzhai 39, No.8 Zhai 40, and Luoshui Cave.

4 1, Tangfangzhai 42, Hua Xian Zhai 43, Ma Anying 44, Laozhipo

45. Pogangqing 46, Xintun 47, Gutunzhai 48, Erlong Bridge