Annual national geological disaster response summary evaluation report.

The geological disasters referred to in this report are mainly collapse, landslide, debris flow, ground subsidence, ground subsidence and ground fissure disasters. The evaluation method adopts data collection and comprehensive analysis, and the evaluation basis is Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters, National Overall Emergency Plan for Sudden Public Events, National Emergency Plan for Sudden Geological Disasters, the State Council's Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening Emergency Management and the State Council's Decision on Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters. The focus of the assessment is the major geological disasters concerned at the national level, that is, the disasters or dangerous situations of extra-large and large geological disasters.

All statistical data in this report do not include those of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province Province.

I. Basic information

In 20 13 years, there were geological disasters 15403 in China, including 9849 landslides, 33 collapses13, mudslides 15465438, 37 ground collapses1and 30 ground fissures. There were 203 geological disasters that caused casualties, of which 48 1 person died, 88/person was missing/kloc-0, and 264 people were injured. Compared with the same period in 20 12, the number of geological disasters, the number of deaths and missing persons and the direct economic losses in 20 13 increased by 7.5%, 78.4% and 93.2% respectively (table 1).

Table 1 20 13 and 20 12 Comparison of Geological Disasters in the Same Period

In 20 13, 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) except Shanghai and Tianjin suffered from different degrees of geological disasters, mainly distributed in Gansu, Sichuan, Guangdong, Hunan, Zhejiang and Guangxi. The top three provinces in the number of geological disasters are Gansu, Sichuan and Guangdong. Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan and other provinces (regions) ranked the top three in the number of deaths and missing persons due to disasters; The top three direct economic losses due to disasters are Gansu, Sichuan and Liaoning provinces.

Second, the response work summary evaluation

The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the response to sudden geological disasters, and leading comrades in the State Council made clear instructions on many occasions. I conscientiously implement the Decision of the State Council on Strengthening the Prevention and Control of Geological Disasters, constantly innovate mechanisms and improve measures in my work, and do my best to deal with geological disasters and minimize the loss of people's lives and property.

By holding the 20 13 national geological disaster emergency work conference, we summarized the experience and lessons of the previous work, discussed the work promotion measures, and deployed the annual geological disaster emergency work, which provided a solid and reliable guarantee for the smooth development of the annual geological disaster response work. 20 13 with the close cooperation of relevant departments and the joint efforts of geological disaster emergency management institutions at all levels, professional and technical personnel, consulting experts and group monitoring and prevention personnel, the national response to sudden geological disasters has made remarkable achievements.

(1) Party committees and governments at all levels pay close attention to implementation.

20 13 local party committees and governments at all levels have earnestly and solidly promoted all work. First, establish and improve the organizational structure. In China, 2 1 province, 16 1 city and 990 counties have established geological disaster emergency management institutions, and 26 provinces, 17 1 city and 420 counties have established geological disaster emergency technical support institutions. Our department has established a national geological disaster emergency expert database and seven regional emergency expert groups to guide the local geological disaster emergency disposal work nearby. Second, the central and local governments have increased investment in prevention and control. In China, 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), 208 cities (prefectures) and 1 179 counties (municipalities and districts) have set up special funds for the prevention and control of geological disasters. The third is to strengthen the investigation and evaluation of geological disasters and the investigation of hidden dangers. In the whole year, more than 0/000 geological disasters * */kloc were investigated; After the "4.20" earthquake in Lushan, Sichuan, 67 working groups and more than 500 people were sent to investigate the geological disasters in the earthquake area, and the hidden points of geological disasters were catalogued 143 19. In the Three Gorges reservoir area, 255 major landslides and key bank sections have been built and professionally monitored, and 28 county (district) monitoring stations and county (district), township (town) and village (group) three-level group monitoring and prevention monitoring systems have been built, achieving dynamic and effective monitoring of 3049 landslides (involving 595,000 people) and starting the follow-up geological disaster prevention and control work of the Three Gorges. There are 2,032 urban and rural construction and related planning, more than 65,438+10,000 engineering construction projects and150,000 hidden danger points in China, which further improve the disaster prevention plan; Fourth, emergency drills and technical training have been fruitful. In 20 13, the national * * * organized geological disaster emergency drills of different scales17,000 times, with more than 29,000 participants/kloc-0, including technical drills and training for professional technicians 123 times, with more than 40,000 participants. Throughout the year, * * * trained more than 400,000 prevention and treatment personnel. The fifth is to sum up experience and popularize achievements. Investigate and summarize the experience of prevention and control work in various places, and organize the exchange of experience in group prevention and treatment. Through newspapers, internet and other media, the good experience and practices have been popularized to various places, which has obviously improved the ability of emergency prevention and control of geological disasters.

(2) Relevant departments cooperate closely.

Our Ministry and the relevant ministries and commissions in the State Council shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, cooperate closely and intensify the comprehensive prevention and control of geological disasters. First, we will continue to deepen cooperation with the China Meteorological Bureau and carry out early warning and forecasting. The information sharing and information reporting mechanism between land and resources departments and meteorological departments will be more perfect, and the fine level of meteorological early warning and forecasting of geological disasters will be significantly improved. Through the establishment of a joint monitoring and early warning information platform, meteorological early warning systems for geological disasters have been established in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), 323 cities (prefectures and leagues) and 1880 counties (cities and districts). The early warning and prediction of geological disasters has been widely accepted by all walks of life, especially in areas prone to geological disasters. The ten-year work summary of meteorological early warning and prediction of geological disasters in China was jointly carried out, and the successful experience and existing problems in early warning mechanism, technical methods and disaster reduction effect were summarized, which laid the foundation for perfecting the next work. Second, in conjunction with the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and local governments at all levels, we will increase the investment in special funds for the prevention and control of major geological disasters nationwide. In 20 13, the central and local governments invested more than 20 billion yuan. Third, coordinate with water conservancy, education, environmental protection, housing and urban construction, transportation, tourism, energy, science and technology and other departments to continue to strengthen the prevention and control of geological disasters in related fields, and make remarkable progress in geological disaster assessment and monitoring.

(3) The guidance of the land and resources department is effective.

Take the protection of people's lives and property as the highest value criterion for the prevention and control of geological disasters, and conscientiously do a good job in the organization, coordination, guidance and supervision of the prevention and control of geological disasters. First, the deployment work is comprehensive and timely. In February, 20 13 national geological disaster trend prediction meeting was held to analyze the situation, judge the trend and determine the prevention and control priorities. A notice was issued in March to put forward the overall work requirements. In April, a national video conference on the prevention and control of geological disasters in flood season was held, and in May, a national conference on emergency management and technical training of geological disasters was held to fully mobilize and deploy. Three national teleconferences were held in flood season and key periods, and relevant disaster prevention notices 19 were issued to mobilize, redeploy and implement the prevention and control work. 165438+ 10 held a national symposium on disaster statistics of geological disasters, which emphasized the importance of disaster statistics of geological disasters and comprehensive statistics of geological environment under the new situation, and trained statisticians of geological disasters in various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) on disaster reporting standards, norms and technical requirements. The second is to strengthen supervision and guidance, and carry out inspection, investigation and evaluation. More than 50 times a year, the Ministry sent a working group led by the Ministry leaders and attended by responsible comrades of various departments to inspect and guide, and arranged for more than 100 regional experts to stay in 3 1 province (autonomous region, city) for a long time. In view of local heavy rainfall, typhoons and other weather, all localities give full play to the role of the group prevention and treatment system, so as to make inspections before rain, in the rain and after rain. Provinces, cities and counties organized and urged inspection teams and hidden danger inspection teams for more than ten thousand times. In view of the landslide in Zhu Guo Township, Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province on June 5438+ 10/0, the landslide in Mozhugongka County, Tibet on March 29, the strong earthquake of magnitude 7.0 in Lushan, Sichuan on April 20, the landslide in Sanxi Village, Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province on July 1 0, and the earthquake of magnitude 6.6 in Min County, Zhang County, Gansu Province on July 22, all these major geological disasters have occurred. The third is to continue to improve the release of monitoring and early warning information. In the whole year, 70 national geological disaster early warning products/kloc-0 were produced and published on CCTV 1 1 time (orange warning 92 times, red warning 19 times), and published 65,438 times on the portal website of the Ministry of Land and Resources, China Geological Environment Information Network and the mobile newspaper of land and resources. Establish a multimedia service platform for geological disaster early warning through QQ group, which can be browsed and consulted at any time. In addition, the emergency early warning of typhoons, earthquakes and other emergencies has achieved good results. For example, during the "4.20" Lushan earthquake in Sichuan Province, seven red warnings and four orange warnings of geological disasters in earthquake areas were issued to remind local residents and disaster relief personnel to take precautions against geological disasters such as earthquake aftershocks and rainfall-induced landslides. On June 6th 10, in order to prevent the geological disasters that may be caused by Typhoon Fete, our department, together with China Meteorological Bureau and four provinces and cities of Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui and Fujian, launched the meteorological warning of geological disasters, and issued the red warning information of geological disasters to warn local residents and remind relevant departments to pay attention to the prevention of geological disasters.

(4) The ability to deal with mass prevention and treatment has been improved.

Vigorously strengthen the construction of group monitoring and prevention team, organize and train a large number of group monitoring and prevention supervisors, improve the coverage of group monitoring and prevention, and improve the ability of grassroots to deal with sudden geological disasters. First, we will continue to build organized, funded and planned counties (autonomous regions and municipalities) for mass monitoring and prevention of "ten counties". The total number of "ten counties" in China has reached 1765, covering more than 95% of geological disaster-prone areas. At the same time, the construction of high-standard "ten counties" for geological disaster prevention and control was launched. The second is to strengthen the publicity of knowledge about prevention and control of geological disasters, especially the knowledge about emergency avoidance of impending disasters, and adopt various simple and easy-to-understand ways to popularize the "five-step disaster avoidance method" of geological disasters and the typical deeds of fighting geological disasters, so as to further enhance the disaster prevention knowledge and awareness of cadres and the masses. Third, the construction of mass prevention and treatment teams in various places continued to develop. There are more than 350,000 people in China, and they have become an important working force for emergency avoidance and emergency disposal of major geological disasters.

(5) The emergency team is gradually strengthened.

With the development of geological disaster emergency work, the emergency team has developed vigorously. First, the construction of emergency teams has developed rapidly. According to the principle of graded responsibility, geological disaster emergency management institutions and emergency professional technical support teams have been established at different levels. Second, the professional and technical strength has been continuously strengthened. Thousands of emergency experts are distributed in various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to guide the emergency prevention and control of geological disasters, and there are nearly 3,500 professional teams with geological disaster prevention and control qualifications. More than 200,000 people undertake the work of geological disaster risk assessment, exploration, design, construction and supervision, and more than 3,000 experts are sent to participate in the investigation, inspection and supervision of geological disasters in the flood season of 20 13. Third, widely mobilize social forces to carry out the prevention and control of geological disasters, and mobilize universities, enterprises and institutions, social organizations and volunteers to participate in the prevention and control of geological disasters through organizing training, publicity and education.

(6) The safeguard measures are effective.

In order to effectively carry out the prevention and control of geological disasters, practical safeguard measures have been formulated and continuously enriched and improved. First, strengthen the organization and management of the team and clarify the responsibilities of the staff involved in the prevention and control of geological disasters. Functional departments at all levels improve the supervision and assessment system, constantly optimize the objectives and refine the work content. Second, speed up the improvement of the geological disaster emergency system and technical standard system, actively promote the formulation of rules and regulations such as geological disaster emergency technical guidance standards, emergency disposal technical guidelines, emergency equipment configuration standards, emergency prevention technical requirements, emergency drill guidelines, etc., and standardize geological disaster emergency disposal actions. The third is to establish a fund guarantee system for geological disaster prevention and control. In conjunction with relevant departments, we will increase investment in the prevention and control of geological disasters, broaden funding channels, encourage enterprises and individuals to invest, and strive for donations from international organizations and society. The funds for the prevention and control of geological disasters should be earmarked, and auditing should be strengthened to ensure the effective use of funds. The fourth is to establish a material reserve system for geological disaster prevention and control. Effective reserve management of materials such as geological disaster emergency disposal, exploration design, construction and monitoring.

Three. Work suggestion

The flood season (May-September) is the main occurrence period of geological disasters, and the situation of prevention and control of geological disasters is still grim. In 20 14, the Ministry of Land and Resources will continue to conscientiously implement the requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on disaster prevention and mitigation, fully understand the importance of geological disaster prevention and the grim situation it faces, and earnestly strengthen daily disaster prevention work, with the focus on Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Liaoning, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Xinjiang, Shanxi, Tibet and Qinghai. Pay special attention to earthquake-stricken areas such as the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Wenchuan, Yushu, Yiliang, Ya 'an and Minxian, and the Zhouqu catastrophic mudslide disaster area in Zhang Xian; Pay attention to prevent sudden geological disasters caused by typhoons in coastal areas. Focus on the following work:

(1) Continue to fully implement the decision.

First, judge the trend, analyze the dynamic changes of rain, water, disaster and danger in real time, and make targeted work arrangements and measures. Second, people-oriented, take the initiative to avoid disasters, once there are signs of extreme weather or disasters, immediately evacuate people from dangerous areas and put the protection of people's lives and property in the first place. The third is to pay close attention to the key points, focusing on preventing concentrated areas such as towns, villages, hilly areas and tourist attractions, as well as traffic trunks, important river basins and key facilities, especially strengthening the awareness of disaster prevention of personnel on the construction site and implementing preventive measures. Fourth, strengthen implementation, pay close attention to the implementation of investigation, monitoring and early warning, publicity and drills, comprehensive prevention and control, emergency rescue, scientific and technological research, and overcome lax and paralyzed thinking. Fifth, coordinate and cooperate, strengthen communication with relevant departments, establish a joint prevention and control mechanism, do a good job in disaster prevention information sharing, emergency plan improvement, prevention and control fund arrangement, emergency rescue and disposal, and make overall plans for disaster prevention, urban and rural planning, ecological improvement, infrastructure construction and other related work to effectively eliminate hidden dangers and avoid disaster risks.

(2) Establish and improve the geological disaster emergency system.

Improve geological disaster emergency management institutions at all levels, national geological disaster emergency technical guidance center and regional geological disaster emergency sub-centers, and guide key provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to build a strong professional team for geological disaster emergency. Realizing the interconnection of emergency consultation meetings in provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) prone to geological disasters, initially building an emergency information support platform and building an emergency technical standard system for geological disaster prevention and mitigation will significantly improve the technical level of geological disaster emergency business in China.

(3) Further strengthen publicity, training and drills.

Expand the publicity coverage of geological disaster prevention knowledge and enrich the publicity methods. According to the actual requirements, organize relevant training and drills, supervise and guide the provincial land and resources departments to carry out relevant geological disaster emergency training and drills.

Fourth, the typical case analysis

In 20 13 years, there were more than 30 people killed or caused direct economic losses 10/3, resulting in 3 12 people died and disappeared, 14 people were injured, and the direct economic losses were 5.73 billion yuan. There were 654.38+094 large-scale geological disasters with more than 654.38+00 deaths or less than 30 deaths, with direct economic losses of more than 5 million yuan and less than 6.5438+000 million yuan, resulting in 63 deaths and 48 injuries, with direct economic losses of 654.338+03.5 billion yuan. Three typical geological disasters in 20 13 years are as follows:

(1) "1.1"landslide disaster in Zhaojiagou, Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province.

1. Basic information.

At 2013118, a landslide occurred in Zhaojiagou, Gaopo Village, Zhu Guo Township, Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province, killing 46 people and injuring 2 others.

Based on the field investigation and analysis of the images obtained by UAV, it is estimated that the length, width and average thickness of the landslide starter are about 120m and10m respectively, and the total volume is about 2 1000 m3. After the landslide provenance was started, the residual soil layer in the slope and valley collided and scraped in the process of rapid movement, carrying a lot of rock and soil and debris, which increased the accumulation volume of landslide to about 400 thousand cubic meters. Two collisions and deflections occurred during the landslide, resulting in a high-speed long-distance landslide with a slip of about 900 meters.

2. Cause analysis.

Zhaojiagou landslide is a sudden, hidden and destructive geological disaster formed under special terrain, stratum rock and meteorological conditions. The main reasons are as follows:

First, the terrain is high and steep. The elevation of the trailing edge of the landslide1735m, the elevation of Zhaojiagou villagers' group1556m, and the elevation difference179m. The steep slope and the inclined long gentle slope alternate in the landslide area, and the overall topographic slope angle is about 35 degrees, and the steep slope where the landslide is located is 50 degrees, so the slope stability is poor.

Second, the slope rock mass is loose and broken. Landslide occurred in Quaternary loose residual soil mixed with gravel, which was mainly formed by weathering and crushing of Permian soft sand shale. They are very loose, with poor integrity and low strength.

Thirdly, freezing and thawing of snow and ice leads to soil softening and strength reduction. The landslide area has been dry for a long time. In the past month, rain and snow have been freezing and thawing, and surface water has been infiltrating into loose soil, which has increased soil water content, increased self-weight, softened soil and reduced strength, and the slope is easily deformed and destroyed under the action of gravity.

Fourth, it was affected by the Yiliang earthquake. The landslide occurred about100km away from the epicenter of the "9.7" Yiliang earthquake in 20 12, and it was a ⅳ-degree affected area of Yiliang earthquake. The earthquake had certain influence on the geotechnical structure and soil integrity of the slope.

3. Emergency treatment.

(1) The landslide deposits on the slopes and platforms above Zhaojiagou are loose in structure, and may slide down again. Monitor and inspect the area to avoid casualties caused by sediment slipping again;

(2) The unstable slope on the east side of the landslide area has poor stability, which poses a threat to the villagers' groups in Zhaojiagou and Zengjiazhai below. Strengthen monitoring and resettle residents;

(3) To investigate and evaluate the geological environment of village relocation and site selection and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction;

(4) Strengthen professional guidance, improve the monitoring and prevention system of geological disasters, and timely discover hidden dangers of geological disasters into the monitoring scope.

4. Enlightenment.

(1) In the southwest mountainous areas, especially in wumeng mountain, where Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan border, in addition to the sudden geological disasters such as landslides caused by rainy season, rain (snow) with less surface runoff, more infiltration and long duration is also the main factor that causes landslides, so it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and early warning.

(2) Strengthen the research on early warning, forecasting and prevention technology of geological disasters and high-level remote landslides caused by rain and snow in winter.

(2) The "March 29th" catastrophic landslide in Mozhugongka County, Tibet.

1. Basic information.

20 13 At 6 o'clock in the morning on March 29th, Xizang Autonomous Region Lhasa, about 300,000 cubic meters of debris flow destabilized and slipped on the east slope of Zeli, Pulanggou, Zhaxigang Township, which later pushed the loose accumulation in front of it to become unstable, forming an overall landslide. After the landslide enters the gully, the loose deposits at the bottom and both sides of the gully are further scraped, forming a landslide-debris flow of about 2000 meters. The gully deposit is about 600 meters long, 70 ~ 180 meters wide and 15 ~ 25 meters thick, with a total volume of about 2 million cubic meters. The landslide and debris flow destroyed the temporary residence of the construction workers buried in the ditch, resulting in 66 deaths and 17 missing.

2. Cause analysis.

"3.29" landslide disaster is a huge landslide and debris flow geological disaster formed under the comprehensive action of steep terrain, broken rocks and strong freezing and thawing of ice and snow. The reasons for the landslide are as follows:

(1) The landslide is located at the source of Pulanggou, with steep terrain and gradient of 42 ~ 45 degrees, and it is a "V"-shaped narrow valley, about 2000 meters from the source of the landslide to the accumulation area. The elevation of the rear edge of the landslide is 5359 meters, the elevation of the front edge is 4535 meters, and the height difference is 824 meters.

(2) The geological conditions in the area are complex, nappe structures and sliding structures are developed, and neotectonic activities are strong. The exposed strata are mainly igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks formed in multiple stages, with strong rock alteration and broken rock mass. The Quaternary on the surface is mainly gravel layer, which is called "Zeri Mountain" by local people (meaning "Gravel Mountain").

(3) The climate was unusually dry from 2012,1year 10 to February 20 13. After March, snow showers and snow water infiltration occurred repeatedly, which reduced the stability of the slope.

(4) The start-up process of landslide is the unstable sliding of the residual slope at the rear edge, which pushes the loose accumulation at the front edge to form a whole sliding.

3. Emergency treatment.

Carry out the investigation of hidden dangers of geological disasters in Pulanggou Basin, and evaluate and select the relocation sites of downstream people. Strengthen the work of mass monitoring and prevention, implement the person responsible for monitoring and early warning, and issue clear cards for prevention and control of geological disasters, indicating the location of geological disasters, inducing factors, precautions for residents, early warning signals, evacuation routes, safe-haven resettlement sites, etc., to reduce the harm of geological disasters.

4. Enlightenment.

(1) Strengthen monitoring and early warning of the source of hidden danger points of landslides, intensify propaganda, popularize knowledge of prevention and control of geological disasters, and guide the masses to improve their ability to identify hidden danger points of geological disasters.

(2) Attach great importance to the geological safety assessment of residential areas, engineering construction areas, industrial and mining enterprises, tourist areas and places where temporary personnel live, strengthen monitoring and early warning, implement disaster prevention plans and responsibility systems, and effectively reduce or avoid the hazards of geological disasters.

(3) The "7· 10/0" landslide disaster in Sanxi Village, Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province.

1. Basic information.

On July/KOOC-0/0/3: 00/KOOC-0/0: 30, a large-scale high-level landslide occurred in Sanxi Village/KOOC-0/Group, Zhongxing Town, Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province. The disaster * * * caused 45 deaths and 1 16 people were missing.

2. Cause analysis.

The landslide disaster area is the transition zone between Longmen Mountain and Chengdu Plain, which belongs to structural erosion landform and Holocene alluvial-diluvial landform. The exposed stratum is mainly Cretaceous glutenite with high rock strength. From 20: 00 on July 8, there was a regional rainstorm in Dujiangyan City. By 20: 00 on July 10, the cumulative maximum rainfall reached 1059 mm, which was the largest rainfall since the meteorological record was recorded in Dujiangyan 1954.

Upon investigation, the elevation of the trailing edge of the landslide is1132m, the elevation of the leading edge is 755m, and the height difference is 377m. The length of landslide accumulation area is about 1200m, the average width is about 150m, the average accumulation thickness is about 10m, and the estimated landslide volume is about 18m. The landslide is located at the steep slope of the natural slope, with a large amount of loose debris accumulated in the middle valley and a relatively flat village in the lower part. A large amount of surface water on the slope formed by rainstorm flows into the through cracks inside the slope, resulting in high head pressure. Under the pressure, the upper rock mass collapses and slides, causing impact erosion on the loose accumulation body saturated with water in the valley, causing fluid sliding and scraping the loose body, resulting in the increase of the volume of the landslide body and the destruction of the lower village. Because of the great strength of landslide rock mass, no cracks in appearance, extremely dense vegetation, the disaster situation is extremely concealed. In addition, the disaster was sudden, large-scale and suffered heavy casualties.

3. Emergency treatment.

After the disaster, the trailing edge of the landslide was empty, and about 300 thousand cubic meters of collapsed rock mass was piled up on the gentle slope with a width of about 200 meters. The collapsed rock mass is about 50 meters away from the empty surface, and monitoring and early warning have been strengthened.

4. Enlightenment.

Strengthen the study of high-level landslides, especially the monitoring of landslides in remote debris flow areas. In addition, the investigation of geological disaster-prone areas should be intensified to achieve "ditch to the end, slope to the top"