The historical significance of the successful launch of Dongfanghong-1 for 50 years

China's space industry is at the forefront of the world. Historically, the successful launch of 1970 Dongfanghong-1 on April 24th laid a solid foundation for the space journey, and April 24th became a historic day for China's space industry. Then let's talk about the influence and historical significance of the successful launch of Dongfanghong-1 from astrological knowledge!

50th anniversary of the successful launch of Dongfanghong-11970 On April 24th, China's first launch vehicle Long March-1 was successfully launched with China's first artificial earth satellite Dongfanghong-1. China's space history has ushered in another milestone, which is also the origin of China Space Day. Today, on the occasion of the fifth China Aerospace Day, let's review the history of the launch of Dongfanghong-1, the development of China's space industry from scratch, and cherish and carry forward the enduring space spirit. April 24th, the fifth China Aerospace Day. This day is also the 50th anniversary of China's first artificial earth satellite, Dongfanghong-1, entering space. 1970 On April 24th, at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, Dongfanghong-1 satellite flew into the vast space with the roar of China's first launch vehicle Long March-1. Since then, China has become the fifth country in the world to develop and launch its own satellite. Since then, China people have opened the door to the vast universe. Today, Dongfanghong-1 satellite is still flying around the earth. When the weather is fine, many astronomy enthusiasts will take pictures of this satellite flying over the motherland. These photos bear an unforgettable and lasting story.

Concentrate scientific research on the space stage. 1967, China named the first satellite Dongfanghong-1 and the first launch vehicle Long March-1. Dongfanghong-1 satellite is a scientific exploration experimental satellite. It is a 72-sided spherical satellite with a diameter of 1 m and a weight of 150 kg. It is planned to be launched around 1970. The mission of this satellite is to lay a technical and practical foundation for China to develop various application satellites such as Earth observation, communication broadcasting and weather forecast in the future. 1968 On February 20th, China Academy of Space Technology was formally established, with Qian Xuesen as its president and Dongfanghong-1 satellite developed by China Academy of Space Technology. Launching an artificial earth satellite is a huge and complex system engineering, involving scientific research, production, launch, measurement and control and other fields. "It is very simple now, but there was a gap between the industrial level and the scientific and technological level in that era." Sun Jiadong, who was appointed to lead the satellite development, described this. With the continuous modification of the design scheme, the weight of Dongfanghong-1 satellite has increased from the initial 150kg to 173kg, far exceeding the sum of the first four satellites in the world. It is difficult to send such a heavy satellite into space. Qi Faren, then one of the technical leaders of Dongfanghong-1 satellite, said that the satellite must also meet the four technical requirements of "starting, grasping, listening and seeing" put forward by the state. In order to accomplish this arduous task, researchers began a difficult exploration to pursue their dreams.

Overcome many difficulties and achieve the four goals of "starting, grasping, listening and watching". Only the word 12 summarizes the overall technical scheme and objectives of Dongfanghong-1 satellite, and also summarizes the technical difficulties. The first thing to consider is whether we can "get up". According to the plan, Dongfanghong-1 satellite will run in an elliptical orbit with a perigee of more than 400 kilometers and an apogee of more than 2,300 kilometers. In order to put the satellite into orbit accurately, the launch vehicle responsible for carrying the satellite must have strong propulsion capability. Experts put forward the "two combination" scheme: using medium and long-range missiles as the first and second stages, and using sounding rocket technology to develop the third stage. Through these three levels of continuous transmission, the satellite is put into the predetermined orbit. Under the leadership of Ren Xinmin, who was in charge of rocket technology at that time, the launch vehicle officially entered the development stage, and finally realized the perfect combination of missile technology and sounding rocket technology, which solved the problem of "going up" and made the phrase "the stage in space is as big as the capability of the launch vehicle" widely circulated. If you want to "catch" a satellite on the ground, you must always know its position in space, which requires calculating the distance between the satellite and the ground. After comparing several schemes, experts decided to use Doppler principle 3354 to measure speed and distance according to the change of radio frequency. But this solution needs a special equation, which is a difficult problem for scientists in China at that time. In this regard, the researchers of Dongfanghong-1 satellite changed their design ideas, reconstructed the satellite orbit determination equation, solved the confusion of the satellite orbit determination equation, and finally enabled the satellite position in space to be monitored at any time. Next, people focus on "listening" and "seeing". At that time, it was very difficult for satellites to play the music of Dongfanghong in space. The researchers replaced the "keys" with six highly stable sound source oscillators, and controlled pronunciation with the beat generated by program-controlled circuits. After hundreds of tests, it was finally ensured that Dongfanghong No.1 played Dongfanghong. A member of the overall team of Dongfanghong-1 satellite said nonsense. In order to let the ordinary radio receive the music from the satellite, everyone proposed a "relay" method. "We can't directly hear the music played by Dongfanghong-1 satellite on the ground. It needs to be sent by satellite antenna, received by ground station, and then broadcast by radio. " Memories of Qi Faren. The last difficulty is "looking". In order to see the satellite running in space with naked eyes, its brightness must rise from the seventh star to the fourth star. Not only that, the diameter of Dongfanghong-1 satellite is only 1 m, which is even more difficult to "see clearly". Finally, the developer found inspiration from the characteristics of the folding umbrella and decided to install an "observer" made of high reflective brightness material in the third stage of the launch vehicle, which can be opened in space. Because this "observer" is huge and the reflection brightness is extremely high, people can directly observe it.

To solve the world's problems and set a new record, there is still an unavoidable problem, that is, satellites must withstand the test of extreme temperature changes in space. In space, the temperature on the sunny side of the satellite can reach more than 100 degrees Celsius, while the temperature on the back can be reduced to MINUS 100 degrees Celsius. How to maintain the normal "body temperature" of satellites in space is a recognized problem in the world. Technicians have developed a complete temperature control system to balance the temperature inside the satellite, but the normal operation of the system requires a lot of electricity, and the power carried by the satellite is very limited. Finally, the researchers came up with a zero-power scheme for the temperature control system: using the heat generated by other instruments to help the satellite control the temperature, which skillfully solved the problem of high power consumption. Overcome various difficulties and successfully complete the development of satellites and launch vehicles. After four days and four nights of trekking,1February 1970, Dongfanghong-1 satellite and Long March-1 carrier rocket arrived at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. 1On April 24th, 970, the countdown to launch was minus 8 hours, and the sudden news of "unstable measurement and control signal" made the technicians on site nervous again. Where does the interference signal come from? People lock the source of the problem at the connection between the satellite and the rocket. In order to control the temperature, there is an aluminized film at the joint between the rocket and the satellite, which wraps the instrument. Because it is not fixed well, it shakes, resulting in unstable signal. After maintenance, the problem was solved. At this time, the dark clouds in the sky disappeared, the sun shone on the body of the launch vehicle, and the time for take-off finally arrived. Dongfanghong-1 satellite, which accurately entered the scheduled earth orbit, has been in orbit for 24 days, not only successfully passed the test of extreme space environment, but also successfully achieved the requirements of "getting up, catching up, hearing and seeing". As the weight of Dongfanghong-1 exceeded the sum of the first satellites of the first four countries, it also set a new record in human space history. "By persisting in self-reliance and hard work, we overcame every impossibility and finally successfully sent the Dongfanghong-1 satellite into space." Qi Faren said.

The significance of the successful launch of Dongfanghong-1 satellite The successful launch of Dongfanghong-1 satellite was an important event that shocked the world in the 20th century, and it announced the rise of an oriental space power. Dongfanghong-1 satellite, together with nuclear bombs and missiles, is called "two bombs and one satellite", which has become an important symbol of the strategy of strengthening the country through science and technology and has been recorded in the history of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.