Why is the temperature so high in Chongqing?

Chongqing is a livable city with mild climate and subtropical monsoon humid climate. The annual average climate is about 18℃, the average minimum temperature in winter is 6-8℃, the summer is hot, and the daily maximum temperature in July and August is above 35℃. The extreme temperature is 465438 0.9℃, and the lowest is-65438 0.7℃. The total sunshine hours are 1000- 1200 hours. It is warm in winter and hot in summer, with a long frost-free period and abundant rainfall. Annual rainfall 1000- 1450 mm Chongqing is foggy, and it is known as the "foggy city of Chongqing". Chongqing is foggy because of its geographical environment. The average annual foggy days in Chongqing are 104 days, while London, which is known as the foggy capital of the world, has only 94 days, and Tokyo, Japan, which is the foggy capital of the Far East, has only 55 days. Chongqing is a veritable "foggy city". Wu Yun, Bishan County, Chongqing has 204 foggy days all the year round, which is called "the best in the world".

The climate of Chongqing

Chongqing is located in the subtropical inland area of the northern hemisphere, and its climate characteristics are just like several proverbs: unstable temperature in early spring, hot and rainy summer, cool and rainy autumn, warm and snowy winter. The annual average temperature in Chongqing is 65438 08℃. The lowest temperature is 5438+ 10 in June, the monthly average temperature is 7℃, and the lowest extreme temperature is -3.8℃. The highest temperature is from July to August, mostly between 27-38℃, and the highest limit temperature can reach 43.8℃. Therefore, Chongqing, Wuhan and Nanjing are also called the three "stoves" in the Yangtze River Basin.

The rainy season in Chongqing is concentrated in summer and autumn, and the annual rainfall is1000-1100 ml. Especially it rains at night, which is very interesting. Poets of past dynasties often wrote poems and lyrics on the topic of "Late Rain". Chongqing is also known as the "foggy city". It is foggy from late autumn to early spring every year, with an average annual foggy day of 68 days. Every foggy day, the city is shrouded in mist, and the streets and alleys are misty and blurred, just like a fairyland. Chongqing is also one of the cities with the least sunshine in China, with annual sunshine hours of 1, 259.5 hours. It is slightly higher in July and August, and the average monthly sunshine hours are 230 hours. Other months are below 150 hours. Chongqing is surrounded on three sides by mountains and ravines, so the wind speed is small. In the thunderstorm weather in summer, it is abnormal, often accompanied by strong winds, and the wind speed can reach 10-27 meters per second.

Chongqing is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin, which is a "hot summer and cold winter" area. Chongqing is located in the Sichuan basin where the two rivers meet, and its climate is obviously different from other cities. There is a serious shortage of sunshine in winter, which is the region with the least sunshine in China (and the region with the least sunshine in the world). And the sunshine time is concentrated in summer, and there is almost no sunshine in winter. It's hot in summer and wet and cold in winter. Houses in Chongqing have no requirements for thermal insulation and energy saving. With the improvement of living standards, improving living conditions has become our greatest demand. We can't stand "hot summer" and "wet cold" any longer, and hope to solve the problems of heating in winter and cooling in summer through corresponding equipment. In recent years, the popularity of air conditioning has been very high, and it is generally believed that cold and warm air conditioning can solve the problems of cooling and heating at the same time. However, this understanding is one-sided. The working principle of air conditioning determines that it is very suitable to use air conditioning for refrigeration, but it is very uncomfortable to use because of its low thermal efficiency and high energy consumption. This is why, no matter at home or abroad, no matter how high the popularity of air conditioning is, air conditioning can never replace "heating" and become a heating device. In northern cities and economically developed coastal areas, air conditioners and "heating" are used as household equipment in different seasons.

The investigation shows that the thermal environment of residential buildings in the Yangtze River basin is poor in winter. The frequency of indoor air temperature below 10℃ is 78%. The average temperature is only 8.5℃.

When the indoor temperature is lower than 10℃, more than 95% sedentary people feel cold, and more than 25% people feel uncomfortable, their hands and feet are frozen and numb, and they catch a cold. More than 47% people who are not sedentary will also feel cold. When the indoor temperature is 8.5℃, sedentary people feel cold. Soon, 65% people sitting in their seats also felt cold. In order to reduce the number of people who feel cold to 5%, the indoor temperature needs to be above 18℃ for people who sit for a long time.

The analysis shows that houses in the Yangtze River valley will not live long without heating in winter. Otherwise, you will feel cold and even get sick because of the low indoor temperature. Residents generally report that it is too cold indoors, which affects normal life, damages the health of the elderly and infants, and even threatens their lives. In winter, many frail old people dare not get out of bed and spend the cold season in bed. Students, because the indoor temperature is too low, catch cold and get sick while doing homework at home. Near school, students spend more time studying at home at night, and 62.5% people catch a cold because of the low indoor temperature.

Because it is too cold indoors, residents wear the same clothes indoors and outdoors. The thermal resistance of clothes is about 2.0clo, usually thick sweaters are paired with woolen coats or cotton-padded clothes, down jackets or winter clothes. Even wear a cotton coat and a cotton or wool coat over the sweater. 96.3% of the elderly and 89.5% of the children wear the above clothes indoors. It is inconvenient to live indoors in such a bloated and heavy cold-proof and heat-insulating suit (especially for northerners).

The obvious increase in the mortality rate of the elderly in winter is one of the characteristics of hot summer and cold winter areas. Even young adults find it difficult to work at their desks for a long time in a room without heating. The following table shows the heat sensation of middle-aged men when they work at their desks.

Relationship between Emotion and Working Time at Desk

Work at the desk within 0.5 hours, 0.5 hours later, 1.5 hours later, 2.5 hours later.

The indoor temperature is11.0℃10.9℃10.8℃10.8℃

The feeling of heat is cold in hands and feet, chills in calves, knees and shoulders, stuffy nose, chills in chest and chills in bones. Stop working when you can't control yourself.

note:

1. The forms of activities within one hour before working at the desk are: eating, cleaning the table, washing dishes and mopping the floor;

2. Dress at the desk: 1 sweater vest, 2 thick sweaters, coat tweed coat, knitted cotton trousers, thick wool trousers, trousers on legs, leather jacket; Towels, socks and cotton shoes.

The poor thermal environment of winter buildings in hot summer and cold winter areas is caused by the inadaptability of buildings to winter climate conditions. Although the outdoor temperature is higher than that in the north, the sunshine is seriously insufficient, which is far less than that in the north. For example, the winter sunshine rate in Beijing is as high as 67%, Shanghai is as high as 43%, Wuhan is as high as 39%, Changsha is as high as 3 1%, Chengdu is as high as 2 1%, and Chongqing is only 13%. The thermal performance of buildings is poor, especially single-layer windows, which have large heat transfer loss.

Through the above introduction, we find that the climate characteristics of Chongqing and the cities in the Yangtze River valley are different from what we usually think, and they need heating very much. With the development of economy and the improvement of living standards, people in Chongqing and cities in the Yangtze River basin will accept floor heating more and more and feel the importance of heating more and more. May the heating industry in Chongqing develop better and better! May the life of Chongqing people be better!

The internal working environment of the notebook is: the hard disk is best not to exceed 70 degrees, but usually it is best not to exceed 55 degrees; The normal temperature of CPU is below 60 degrees; You can install a master Lu to detect the temperature environment.