History and culture of Liu Yishan.

What is Liu Yishan culture? It generally refers to the undeveloped original ecological folk culture treasures in the surrounding areas of Liu Yishan since Sui and Tang Dynasties, recorded in historical books, textual research on mountains and rivers, and recorded in physical evidence.

1, Wei county annals of the Republic of China? Miscellaneous Notes: "Liu Yi is said to be from Taiping Village, Weizhou. He is a Confucian scholar. He met a woman on the way of herding sheep in Zezhong and saw Yu Yi. I sent a letter to the Bohai Dragon King with a sheep whip. Speaking of the seaside, there are dried tangerines, which can strike three times. When I arrived here, I entered the water and saw the castle and palace, which stood like a mansion. The Dragon King, with a majestic look, came in, saw the book and sighed: "I'm sorry! "This girl has been betrothed to King Jinghe, and the children are angry because they are there. I want to be loyal to my wife. Perseverance, the banquet will be delivered. Over the years, Yi married Lu's daughter; A few years later, I gave birth to a son. One day, the woman said: I am also a shepherd and a dragon girl, and I am rewarded by you. Why do you want to go with me? I'll dig the ground into a pool, and I'll be there in a minute. Make a promise, that is, dig a pool and take your son into the sea. After the pool was full of water, the residents were miserable and set up a memorial hall, but the water did not overflow. Emperor Taizong conquered Korea and experienced its land. His father was going to tell his story. Taizong said, "This is the real dragon lady! "Feng Yi is the king of peace, and the dragon lady is the wife of the country. Pray for rain after the drought. Today, there is a pool in the east of the city called Shuangmiao Pool. The water is blue and black, and the tide tastes the same as the sea water, that is, the land is also.

2. Excerpted from "Preface of Liu Family Tree in Qijiazhuang": "Missing ancestors, Minglun moved from Xichuan to Meihua Village in eastern Shandong in nine years, then moved to Liujiadianzi, and later moved to Qijiazhuang to worship ancestors. In the early Ming Dynasty, Lunzu was born in Yuanhai, Yuanzu was born in Tailai, Tailai was born in Fangjia, and Fangzu's family was poor and happy. Every day, he helps people at Yan Xi Ferry. At the age of 50, he was born in Yi. A talented family, with two fairies, Chen and Yin, is his wife. It goes without saying that the couple were honored that day. Chen Zusheng has calyx, and the ancestor of calyx belongs to this Sect. Yin Zucong was born in China, and Hua Zu was Liu from Liujiazhuang, Duchang. A couple of ancestors cultivated their true nature and achieved their goal. After they ascended to heaven, they appeared near Xulongchi in the west of Meihua Village many times to save the people. In case of drought, they prayed for rain. The Mongolian emperor Tang Daizong named the Yi people the King of Tangheping, and built a temple statue behind Longchi to worship the code. Cigarettes are far and immortal ... "

3. Qianlong "Wei County Records"? Domain geography? Mountains and rivers: "Liu Yishan is 60 miles east of the county seat, and there is Liu Yi's reading room on the top of the mountain. "

4. The draft of Wei County Annals of the Republic of China? Camp? "Bridge" contains: "Liuyi Bridge is in front of Dongyue Temple on the top of Liuyi North Mountain, which was rebuilt by Liu Honglun in Qing Dynasty to expand its scale. In the third year of Guangxu, Wang Fameng and others raised funds for reconstruction. The bridge is seven feet long, two feet wide, three feet high and the walking wall is four feet high. "

5. The draft of Wei County Annals of the Republic of China? Minshe? Family "contains:" Liu, the ancestor of Minglun, moved from Shudong in five years. Ming Lun Zi Tai Lai, Tai Lai Zi Yuan Hai, Yuan Haizi, Yi Chang Zi Calyx, and Er Zi Hua. Today, Liu's family in Qijiazhuang, Wei County is behind the calyx. "

6. Draft of Wei County Records of the Republic of China? Territory? "Spring" contains: "Xianshui Spring, also known as Shen Longquan, is located in Wang Ping Temple, Xihe Village, Songjia Shuangmiao Village, 38 miles east of the county seat, and the two halls are built together. Because of the names of the two temples, water comes out of the vestibule and is popular. The mouth of the spring is more than ten feet, the water is level with the mouth, and the depth is about three feet. Every day, the tide overflows from the temple gate and enters a small pool in the west, which is inexhaustible all year round. ..... His water is light on the left and right, but it is salty ... Its land is very close to the sea, how can there be a sinus connection? But this is also very strange. "

7. In recent years, we have gained a lot from our cultural investigation, among which the biggest gain is the discovery of the remnants of Liu Yichuan, which is different from Li's Liu Yichuan. There are only four chapters left in this biography of Liu Yi: the first chapter and the first half. The second purpose is to explore the golden bag in the loving mother forest, the third purpose is to book a happy couple in Shanyinling, and the fourth purpose is just to return to Jingyangpo and the opening part. After reading Liu Yichuan, the general feeling is that it conforms to the basic characteristics of legendary novels in Tang and Song Dynasties, and also conforms to single-sentence novels in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties. From the content point of view, the first time mainly describes the biological father's doing good deeds in his later years and accumulating the wealth of Yan people. The second part tells the story of Liu Yi's rough experience of growing up in poverty and studying abroad. The third time, I wrote that Liu Yi went out to study, "booked a happy couple" and secretly married a Tigress. Although the fourth chapter is incomplete, the title and the beginning of the article have revealed the story information of Jingyangpo Liu Yi's biography of the dragon girl. We interviewed the old man who copied this chapter. According to his memory, Liu Yi's original biography is divided into two volumes, with a total of thirty or forty times. Brush copy, vertical left row, rough and yellow paper. At present, the incomplete edition of Liu Yichuan has more than 10,000 words. According to textual research, the total number of words in the original Liu Yichuan was above100000. We also interviewed the original owner Liu's family: According to Liu's family, the original work was copied from generation to generation. Fortunately, the original work escaped the "ten-year catastrophe", but unfortunately it was confiscated in the anti-Taoist work of 1976 Public Security Bureau, and its whereabouts were unknown. However, the Liu people believe that the primitive world still exists. According to the memories of the original Liu family and the scribe in this chapter, the book is roughly composed of five story sections: first, the cause of the ancestors of the Liu family doing good deeds; Second, Liu Yi traveled around the world and "ordered a happy couple" to marry a tiger girl; The third is the dragon girl who delivers books; The fourth is to learn from the teacher and become immortal. Fifth, Emperor Taizong (or Daizong) named Liu Yi Wang Ping of Tanghe River, that is, Liu Yi was the mother river of the Chinese nation and the water god of the Yellow River!

8. "Wei County Local Records" contains: "Qijiazhuang has a tomb of Tang Liuyi."

9. Among the Liu family in Qijiazhuang, there is a portrait in the middle of the Qing Dynasty (also known as the Family Hall Axis). In the Liu family in Liujiazhuang, there is a portrait in the middle, with three fairies hanging around Yin and Chen.

10, draft of Wei county annals? There is a bibliography of Liu Yi's biography in the entry of Wen Yi in Ming Dynasty.

Liu Yishan Folk Culture

1, Liu Yishan Peak, an ancient building complex in Liu Yi, is flat. At the beginning of the 20th century, there was an ancient temple building community covering an area of more than 5,000 square meters in the center of the peak, which was called Dongyue Temple. It is square, with the north facing south, surrounded by walls and three mountain gates in front. Magnificent and spectacular, it is famous in eastern Shandong and northern Shandong. The Apocalypse Hall, the main hall in the courtyard, is commonly known as the main hall. There is Liu Yi Temple (also known as Longwang Temple) in the east and Laomu Temple (also known as Taishan Palace) in the west. Entering the mountain gate (temple gate), there are more than 40 ancient monuments of Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties on both sides of the road, and there are East Gallery Room, West Gallery Room, Bell Tower and Bedroom on both sides. Only a stone's throw away from the front of the mountain is Liu Yiqiao, and now the remains of the bluestone slab on the bridge deck are still clearly visible. There is a brick hexagonal pool in the east of Qiaodong, commonly known as Tianchi. Because it is related to Liu Yi's calligraphy, it is also called Longchi and Haiyan. To the east is Liu Yijing, the well where Liu Yi drew water when he was studying in the mountains. Now the well is well preserved and full of water, and the water overflowed from the well in the year of abundant water. A few years ago, the managers on the mountain also carried water from this well to eat. In the west of the temple, there is Liu Yi's reading room, three adobe houses, and a few ancient apricot trees planted in them. The yard is full of trees, and the branches are sticking out of the wall.

Tianqi Temple is the main hall of folk beliefs, which is dedicated to the Yellow God. In the Romance of the Gods, Jiang Ziya said: "Make Huang the head of the five mountains and be in charge of eighteen levels of hell. All changes in life and death, people, ghosts and immortals can only be carried out after the investigation in Dongyue. " He was specially appointed as the Great Sage of Mount Tai in Dongyue, who was in charge of good fortune and bad fortune between heaven and earth. "The Longwang Temple is dedicated to a flat statue, with murals on both sides, a thunderbolt general and a flash goddess. The three gods in charge of rain, thunder and electricity are the gods who pray for rain during the drought. The mother temple is dedicated to the mother of Mount Tai, also known as the Mother Palace of Mount Tai. According to folklore, the mother of Mount Tai set up a palace in Liu Yishan to avoid the pain of going to Mount Tai all the way to make pilgrimages, which was condescending to facilitate and benefit the people, and immortals also had feelings. There is also a maternity ward in the old mother's temple, surrounded by many vivid clay figurines. Young women and old women came here to ask for children and heirs, so they tied a red rope around the neck of a small clay doll, which was called "tying the doll". According to the legend of the villagers, it is quite effective. I once lamented that one mountain, one house and three gods not only control the death of reincarnation, but also control the life of human reproduction and the safety of good weather. It is not surprising that the three popular belief cultural systems coexist, and the temples have their own gods, the gods perform their duties, the people have their own wishes, and their hearts are different. According to the investigation, on the evening of 1939, 165438+ 10/9, Wang Longwei, the second column of Kuomintang local armed forces, set fire to the ancient temple to prevent Japanese invaders from occupying the mountain. In order to resist Japan, God also gave his life. How painful, how pitying, how strong!

According to legend, Liu Yishan Temple Fair has a long history in Liu Yishan, which has lasted for thousands of years since the Tang Dynasty. April 15 and 10/5 are traditional temple fairs in Liu Yishan, with April 15 as the main one. At that time, the official meeting day will last for three days, and within a hundred miles of Fiona Fang, between the ten-day months, good men and women will trade goods, sell incense and shoes, carry their backs, pull donkeys to carry them, and gather everywhere. On the day of the meeting, all over the mountains, tents were spread together, people were crowded, the city was full of people, biscuits were fragrant, and steamed bread was hot. The most lively juggling place is crowded with people on the third floor inside and the third floor outside. Some of them are magicians, jugglers, some are alive, and some are dismembered on the spot. Foreign films shouted "see the western scenery", and the candied haws were called "a string of copper coins". The soul of Liu Yishan Temple Fair is to sing a three-day play, with gongs and drums playing in the sky. People are rushing around the stage, like the tide, and the waves are ups and downs, which makes people unable to finish watching the warblers and listening to their grievances, especially those young people. Squeeze, rub, shush, paste, mix and match men, women and children. Now, in order to meet the needs of the masses, temple fairs are added three times a year: the fifteenth day of the first month, the third day of March and the eighteenth day of July.

4. In the investigation of Liu Yishan's folk stories, dozens of series of Liu Yishan's folk stories were collected and compiled into a book "Liu Yishan Culture Collection". Liu Yishan is a rich historical and cultural fertile soil, and folk culture is a thousand-year-old grape growing on this fertile soil. Under the leafy grape trellis, there are fragrant and long folk stories. Along the gray line of the grass snake, the vines lingering for thousands of years are smooth, the grapes are raining like silk, and the folk stories are magical:

The first is a series of stories about Wu Daochang, the abbot of the Mountain Temple, and his deep historical relationship with the Taoist temple in Laoshan. We interviewed an 80-year-old Liu Aiying from Julie Village, Liu Yishan, and she replied, "1988, I went on a pilgrimage to Laoshan with some old people in the village. We rested under a tree before we arrived at the Qing Palace. At this moment, a Taoist priest came over and asked where we were from. I said we came from Julie village under Liu Yishan. Taoist priest couldn't help saying that Taoist priest Wu's hometown is here. ……

The second is a series of stories about folk sacrifices. For example, in a dry year, gentlemen, men and women in the official society of Qipin County organized themselves to pray for rain in front of Liu Yi Temple. The ancient scene was solemn, but it sounds quite funny today: after hundreds or even thousands of people got together, they went to the prison to offer sacrifices, burn incense and paper, firecrackers rang, knelt three times and knocked six times, and then two teenagers who abstained from smoking went to Tianchi to catch a creature (such as fish, shrimp and dragonfly larvae), and carefully brought it back in barrels and put it in a big wooden basin prepared in front of the temple. Legend has it that Liu Yi's concern for Zi's hometown is really effective. In fact, it is natural that it will rain after a long drought. Shinto and humanity must also conform to the way of nature.

The third is the Liu family series of folk stories. It is said that Liu cut wood and studied in the mountains when he was a child. He was taken in by Taoist Wu and became an immortal. Later, Taoist Wu moved to Laoshan and took over as the head of the mountain gate. Now, some elders of the Liu family in Qijiazhuang still come to the temple on the mountain on New Year's Eve at the end of the year, sitting and waiting for their arrival to celebrate the New Year with their ancestors. After liberation, Qijiazhuang Village still has the ancestral hall of Liu Yi, and the production team was changed into an office. In the middle of the ancestral hall is a statue, next to two ancestors, Yin and Chen, and next to it is a reclining statue covered with red silk. It is said that Yi's first wife's name is Mi Niang, and this temple type is consistent with the story in the biography. The most exciting story of the Liu family series is that we went to interview Liu's family. In the hot summer, I took four retired teachers to interview in Huabu Village, and randomly found several old people to enjoy the cool under the tree. Later, the old man told me that there were more than a dozen old people gathered at that time, and they all agreed that the Liu family was surnamed Tang in Chinatown Village. And pointed out that the big tree (Millennium Sophora japonica) beside him was planted in front of Grandma Liu Yi's house. There is also the story that Liu Niang's family treated him badly, and whether the story of "freezing to death and not eating cat leftovers" came from the lost biography of Liu Yiyuan is unknown. Finally, I asked an old man named Tang in Chinatown to sign our interview record. The most magical person in the story is the ferry to the Yellow River: because he is the water god of the Yellow River and a relative of Liu, the ferry must be taken by a person named Liu to ensure safety.

The fourth is a series of folk stories of "Old Li with Bald Tail". Lao Li with Bald Tail has many versions of regional folklore. The outline of the folklore story of Liu Yishan's "Old Li with a Bald Tail" is as follows: It is said that "Old Li with a Bald Tail" (called "Old Li without a Tail" by local people) comes from Lijiazhai at the foot of Taigongtang Mountain in southern Liu Yishan. He was born different. His father cut off his tail and there were red lights everywhere. He left in pain. Lao Li, who has no tail, lives in seclusion in Heilongjiang. He doesn't remember his father's enmity, and his mother is very filial. On April 15 every year, he would return to the grave of Lijiazhai to pay homage to incense. When he travels, there will be storms, thunder and hail, and the villagers will suffer. There is a statue of a "hail master" in Liu Yi Temple (according to legend, this hail master is Han Fei, a Han Xin strategist, who is resourceful and can remove hail disasters). Since then, in the event of a thunderstorm, the villagers have repeatedly recited the folk proverb, "On April 15th, a big drama is sung, and hail will not fall in Zhuli". During the recitation, they threw sharp objects such as kitchen knives, scissors and two teeth into the yard to eliminate hail and rain, and to eliminate disasters and pray. In the past, the four-sided monument in front of Liu Yi Temple recorded its details, but unfortunately the four-sided monument has been built and buried deep underground. Lu Xun said that the Leifeng Tower will fall down one day. When will this four-faced Buddha monument be seen again?

Liu Yishan and Banqiao Culture

In the investigation of Liu Yishan culture, a colleague who knows Zheng Banqiao very well asked me: Why do you have to associate Liu Yishan with Zheng Banqiao? Elegant culture and popular culture are two different things, and there is no connection between them. I don't want to argue with it, but I want to suit both tastes.

1, Wei County, where Zheng Banqiao looked up the book Zheng Banqiao. After Zheng Banqiao returned to his hometown, there were only two lines in Huai wei county's poems: one was "Acacia is endless everywhere, spring scenery in Wei River is late, peach blossoms are three miles across the bank, and Yuanyang Temple meets Liulang Temple." The second is that "paper flowers are flying like snow, charming girls are swinging around, five-color dresses are swinging with the wind, and butterflies are fighting for spring." This poem is clear in every word. "Spring scenery in Wei River" refers to the misty scene in the early spring of Wei River, and "It's late everywhere" points out the seasonal image characteristics of Wei River and Liu Yishan, "April is full of flowers, and peach blossoms in mountain temples begin to bloom". Think about the poem "Peach blossoms are three miles across the bank": On both sides of the Weihe River, peach blossoms are in full bloom, the sun rises and the water is burning. Can poets not miss it? Can a poet not write poetry? "Liulang Temple" refers to the Liu Yi Temple in Liu Yi. "Yuanyang Temple" refers to Liu Yi's Shili in Shaanxi, which is near the Songjiashuang Temple and the ancient post road. In front of this Yuanyang Temple is the Longwang Temple and behind it is the Liuping Temple. There is a salty spring in the courtyard of the temple site. According to legend, Liu Yi took the Dragon Lady and her son to the cave of the Dragon Palace in Bohai Sea.

2. Zheng Banqiao lived in Zheng Banqiao, Wei County for seven years, and he enjoyed life and sacrifice. Literati temperament, obsessed with painting and calligraphy, three unique elegance, famous all over the world. In retrospect, Li should often go to state capitals for meetings in Laizhou and wei county. Starting from the lobby of wei county, set foot on the Millennium ancient post road "Leda in the east and Jixi in the west", pass under Liu Yishan, and go to Yishan, Joey, Tumen and the dock. Zheng Banqiao is a man of temperament. Can he not be moved by the cultural landscape of Liu Yishan? If we look at Zheng Banqiao's "weird" and "elegant" from this angle, only one word "vulgar" will be good. Recently, I saw another little-known poem "Huai Wei Jun" written by him outside the Collection of Zheng Banqiao: "The spring scenery in Weishui is full of lovesickness, the BMW is beautifully carved, and the sun is late. Peach blossoms are three miles across the bank, and Yuanyang Temple meets Liulang Temple. " In my memory, Zheng Banqiao no longer sat in a sedan chair, but carved a saddle on a BMW. In the meantime, I will appeal to both refined and popular tastes and visit God again!

3. The life rhythm of ancient people visiting Zheng Banqiao Temple Fair was slower than today. According to folklore, Zheng Banqiao came to the foot of Liu Yishan and stopped at Tumen Village Post Station, reaching Weishan in the east and Yishan in the west. He climbed up to have a bird's eye view and forgot to return. The folklore story of Zheng Banqiao's cruising mountain, a bucket of three yuan, a basket, can't hold it, can't lift it. Here is a brief introduction to its cultural stakeholders. Collected a pair of couplets written by Zheng Banqiao for Liu Yishan stage from the folk;

I don't know. It rained a little that day in Tianhe.

It is not enough to have a bumper harvest every year;

The strength of the villagers is infinite, and they have received two money.

Money talks to God. It's not too much to sing in the theater for three days.

The horizontal criticism is: listen to God.

I also collected ten Zhi Zhu poems written by Zheng Banqiao for Liu Yishan, four of which are recorded as follows:

First of all:

Family plays family, and family serves their own gods.

Liu Yi Temple was a big stage before the traditional Chinese opera, which has been sung in the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties until today.

Second:

Lao Li came here without a tail. Why didn't he sing this year?

April 15, there was no song, and it started to hail and attacked Julie.

Sixth:

The shabby hut on the Liu Yishan is said to be Liu Yi's reading room.

In front of the county magistrate's office, the cold window has been exposed for thousands of years.

Seventh:

You and I are both from the imperial examination field, and I am a god to you.

The boundary between Yin and Yang is not far apart, and * * * is both peaceful and peaceful.