Write the original texts of dude and the last lesson.

The original texts of "Dude" and "The Last Lesson" are as follows:

I went to school very late that morning, and I was afraid that Mr. Hamel would scold me. Besides, he said he would ask us about word segmentation, and I couldn't even say a word. I don't want to go to school. Let's play in the wild.

It's really warm and sunny!

Thrushcross sings on the edge of the forest; On the grass behind the sawmill, Prussian soldiers are practicing. These scenes are much more interesting than participle usage; But I managed to control myself and hurried to school.

When I passed the city hall, I saw many people standing in front of the bulletin board. In the last two years, all our bad news came from there: defeat, conscription, and various orders from the headquarters. I keep thinking, "What happened again?"

Vahit, the blacksmith, and his apprentice also crowded there to read the notice. When he saw me running in the square, he shouted to me, "Don't be so fast, son, you can get to school in time anyway!" "

I thought he was joking with me, so I rushed to Mr. Hamel's small yard out of breath.

Usually, when school starts, there is always noise, even in the street. Open the desk, close the desk, everyone is covering their ears and afraid to recite loudly ... and the teacher is banging on the table with a big iron ruler, "Quiet, quiet ..."

I'm going to sneak into my seat in the noise; But that day, everything was quiet, just like Sunday morning. I saw my classmates sitting in their seats through the open window. Mr Hamel paced up and down with the terrible iron ruler under his arm. I had to push open the door and walk into the quiet classroom in front of everyone. It is conceivable that my face was so red and my heart was so flustered!

But there is nothing. When Mr. Hamel saw me, he said very gently, "Sit down quickly, little Frenchman. We are about to start our class without waiting for you."

I sat down as soon as I jumped over the bench. My heart calmed down a little. I didn't notice that our teacher put on his beautiful green dress, ruffled bow tie and embroidered little black silk hat today. He only wears this coat and hat on days when inspectors come to inspect or award prizes. And the whole classroom has an unusually serious atmosphere. What surprises me most is that there are many people sitting on the benches in the back of the town. They are as quiet as we are. Among them are the old man, Mrs. Hao, wearing his triangular hat, the former mayor, the former postman and some people nearby. Everyone looks sad. Hao sou also brought a primer with torn edges. He opened the book and spread it on his knee, with his big glasses across it.

I was surprised to see these situations. Mr. Hamel sat in the chair and told us gently and seriously, as he just said to me, "Children, this is the last time I will teach you a lesson." The order from Berlin is that schools in Alsace and Lorraine can only teach German. The new teacher will arrive tomorrow. Today is your last French class. I hope you study hard. "

After listening to these words, I am extremely sad. Ah, those bad guys posted them on the bulletin board of the town hall. That's what happened!

My last French class!

I can hardly write a composition! I'll never learn French again! Is that enough? I didn't study hard before. I skipped class to find the bird's nest and went skating on the Saar River ... How regretful I am to think of this! I just felt so tired of heavy textbooks, grammar and history, as if they were my old friends and I couldn't bear to part with them. So is Mr. Hamel. He's leaving, and I can't see him again! Thinking of this, I forgot the punishment he gave me and the ruler I got.

Poor man!

He put on that beautiful dress to commemorate this last lesson! Now I understand why the old people in town come to sit in the classroom. This seems to tell me that they also regret not coming to school often. In this way, they seem to thank our teachers for their loyal service in the past 40 years and express their respect for the land that is about to be lost.

I was thinking about it when I heard the teacher calling my name. It's my turn to endorse. God, if I can say that famous and difficult word segmentation from beginning to end, with a loud voice and clear pronunciation, I am willing to pay any price. But I was confused by the first few words, so I had to stand there staggered, feeling very uncomfortable and afraid to look up. I heard Mr. Hamel say to me:

"I don't blame you, little Frenchman. You must have had enough. Here it is. Everyone thinks like this every day:' forget it, there is still plenty of time, and it is not too late to study tomorrow.' Now look at our results. Alas, putting off studying until tomorrow is Arthas' greatest misfortune. Now those guys have reason to say to us:' What? You call yourself French, and you can't even speak or write your own language! ..... But, poor little Frenchman, it's not your fault alone. We all have a lot to blame ourselves for.

"Your parents don't care enough about your study. In order to earn more money, they would rather let you leave your books in the field and work in the cotton mill. As for me, don't I have anything to blame? Don't I often ask you to put down your homework and water my flowers? Didn't I give you a day off when I went fishing? ……"

Then, Mr. Hamel talked from one thing to another, and talked about French. He said that French is the most beautiful language in the world, the most clear and accurate; He said that we must keep it in mind and never forget it. People who die as slaves only need to remember their language firmly, which is like opening the door of a prison with a key. At this point, he opened the book and talked about grammar. It's weird. I understood everything after listening to the lecture today. What he said seemed easy, easy. I don't think I have ever listened so carefully, and he has never explained it so patiently. The poor man seems eager to teach us everything he knows before he leaves, and put it into our minds at once.

After grammar class, we have calligraphy class. That day, Mr. Hamel sent us a new copybook with beautiful round words: France, Alsace, France, Alsace. These copybooks are hung on the irons of our desks, just like many small national flags flying in the classroom. Everyone is so absorbed and the classroom is so quiet! Only the pen rustled on the paper. Sometimes some scarabs fly in, but no one notices, even the youngest child is not distracted. They are absorbed in painting "thick stick" as if it were a French word. Pigeons were cooing on the roof, and I thought, "They won't force these pigeons to sing in German!" "

Every time I look up, I always see Mr. Hamel sitting in a chair, motionless, staring at the things around him, as if to take everything away from this small classroom with his eyes. Imagine: for forty years, he has been here, with his small yard outside the window and his students in front of him; The tables and chairs that have been used for many years are worn out; The walnut trees in the yard have grown tall; He planted wisteria himself, and now he has climbed around the window to the roof. Poor man, why don't you let him break up with all this now? Besides, I heard his sister walking around upstairs packing! They will leave this place forever tomorrow.

But he has enough courage to stick to today's class to the end. After calligraphy class, he taught another history class. Then I teach beginners to spell their ba, yes, bi, bo and no. In the back seat of the classroom, Lao Haosao has put on his glasses, holding his introductory book in his hands and spelling these letters with them. His voice trembled with excitement. Hearing his strange voice, we want to laugh and feel sad. Ah! I will never forget this last lesson!

Suddenly, the church clock struck twelve. The bell of prayer also rang. The bugles of Prussian soldiers came from the window. They have finished their exercises. Mr. Hamel stood up and turned pale. I don't think he has ever been so tall.

"My friends," he said, "I-I-"

But he choked and couldn't go on.

He turned to the blackboard, picked up a piece of chalk, and with all his strength, wrote two big words: "Long live France!" " "

Then he stayed there, leaning his head against the wall, without saying anything but gesturing to us: "School is over, you can go."

The last lesson (alfons Dot's short story)

Alfons Daodai's short story "The Last Lesson" tells that France was defeated after the Franco-Prussian War and ceded Alsace and Lorraine (alsace-lorraine changed owners many times in history, and the sovereignty of Germany and France alternated many times). After the Prussian occupation, teaching French was forbidden and German was taught instead. Patriotic French teachers and students took the last French class, which showed the patriotic feelings of the French people. 19 12 was translated by Hu Shi and first introduced to China. Since then, it has been selected as a middle school Chinese textbook in China for a long time, surpassing the barriers of different periods and ideologies, and becoming one of the most famous and popular French literary masterpieces in China. It can even be used as a synonym for Dodd and a symbol of "patriotism" and integrated into modern China people. Through the last lesson, generations of China readers have learned the meaning of the sentence "French {mother tongue} is the most beautiful, clear and rigorous language in the world" and that "when a nation becomes a slave, as long as it keeps its own language well, it is like mastering the key to opening a prison."

Historical background

In history, Germany and France have had sovereignty over alsace-lorraine alternately for many times, so the region has the characteristics of France and Germany in language and culture, and is the meeting place of these two different cultures. [2]? Celebrities from Germany and France such as Joan of Arc, Gutenberg, Calvin, Goethe, Mozart and Pasteur all lived there. Lorraine belongs to Provinse dialect of French, and Alsace's mother tongue, Alsace, is a kind of German.

In 800 AD, Charlemagne of the Frankish Kingdom was crowned "Emperor of Rome" by Pope Leo III. In 8 14 AD, Charlemagne died, and then his Frankish empire was subdivided by the treaty of verdun, the molson Treaty and the Liebermann Treaty, finally forming the embryonic form of the French Kingdom, the German First Empire and the Italian Kingdom. Lautherie I's Middle Frankish Kingdom included Lorraine in France (the word Lorraine originated from lothaire), Low Countries, Aachen in Germany, Burgundy-Provence and northern Italy. This place was contested by France and Germany and changed hands several times. Until the end of the 9th century, due to the dynasty change of the Western Frankish Kingdom (later renamed the Kingdom of France), the Holy Roman Empire, which replaced the Eastern Frankish Kingdom, stably controlled Lorraine and the Principality of Alsace.

The Thirty Years' War broke out in 16 18. At this time, France has achieved centralization, and the Holy Roman Empire is in a state of disintegration, which has brought great opportunities to France. During this period, the French army ravaged the German area, and 80% of the population of Pfalcz, a candidate country close to France, died. 1648 in the Peace Treaty of Westphalia, the French seized most of Alsace except Strasbourg and part of duchy of lorraine from the Habsburg dynasty. 1681September, Strasbourg was captured by French king Louis XIV, and alsace-lorraine returned to France.

Alsace-lorraine was baptized by the French Revolution, and La Marseillaise was sung for the first time in Lassberg, Hurst. 18 14 years ago, among the 24 French marshals (the highest rank of the French army) who were sealed by Napoleon, two were Alsace and one was Lorraine German, accounting for one eighth of the total. This situation that "the nation is a Germanic nation, but its language, lifestyle and elegant art have been French" has laid the groundwork for future wars.

187 1 year, the Franco-Prussian War ended, the French side was defeated, the second French emperor Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte was captured, the Prussian king William I was crowned the German emperor William I in the mirror hall of Versailles Palace in Paris, France, and the Frankfurt Treaty was signed, which stipulated that France ceded most of Alsace and Moselle provinces under Lorraine to Germany. At this point, alsace-lorraine returned to Germany.

Until1918 1 1 October11,the first world war ended. 1965438+On June 28th, 2009, the Allies and the Allies signed a peace treaty in Versailles. The Treaty of Versailles stipulated that Germany should return alsace-lorraine to France and restore the border before the Franco-Prussian War.

1940, 17 In June, France was conquered by Nazi Germany within six weeks due to the fiasco of the French campaign. France concluded a peace treaty with Nazi Germany, which returned alsace-lorraine to Germany until the end of World War II.

Writing background

1870 In July, France declared war on Prussia first. In September, the battle of Sedang, the French army was defeated, Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte was captured, and the Prussian army marched in and occupied more than one third of the land in Alsace and Lorraine, France. At this time, for France, it has become a self-defense war. In the face of the burning, killing and looting of the Prussian army, the French people United against the enemy. This short story is based on the fact that a primary school in occupied Alsace was forced to learn German. By describing the scene of the last French class, it created the images of the pupil Little France and the French teacher Mr. Hamel, and reflected the deep patriotic feelings of the French people. Although this last lesson is very short, it makes us feel the sadness of Alsace people.

The author's life

Alphonse Daodai (1840 ~ 1897) is a famous French realistic novelist in the 9th century, born in Nimes, Provence. His representative works "The Last Lesson" and "The Surrounding of Berlin" have become the treasures of world literature.

important event

playboy

1May, 84013rd, Du Desheng was born in a ruined silk merchant family in Nimes, Provence province, southern France. My father is a businessman, and my mother is particularly interested in literature, loves reading, and is not good at managing life. This guy has been smart since he was a child. He practiced writing poetry at an early age and paid attention to observing life. When studying in Lyon middle school, he often went to bookstores to read extensively, dabbling in a wide range and expanding his knowledge. 1855, my father went bankrupt, and his family was forced to drop out of school to find a way out. Because of poverty, at the age of 15, he went to Alei Primary School as a supervisor (similar to a self-taught counselor) and made a living by himself. Two years later, with the help of my brother, I went to Paris and started my literary creation life in poverty. 1860, Dodd was the secretary of Duke Moni. This gave him the opportunity to observe all kinds of people in Paris society, and also allowed him to travel to the poetic Provence many times to learn creative nutrition from folk stories and legends circulating in his hometown. At the age of 25, he published a collection of short stories, Essays on the Mill, which described the natural scenery and living customs in southern France. Two years later, he published the semi-autobiographical novel Little Things, which exposed the indifferent interpersonal relationship in capitalist society and became famous in one fell swoop. When the Franco-Prussian War broke out, Dodd was drafted into the army. With this war as the background, he wrote a series of short stories with profound patriotic content and superb artistic skills, which became the story of the moon and death. Among them, "The Last Lesson" and "Around Berlin" have become world-famous short stories because of their artistic typicality and novel conception. Dude wrote 13 novels, 4 collections of short stories and some plays and poems in his life. He is good at describing complex political events with concise brushstrokes, and his soft and humorous style, mocking reality and cordial and touching artistic power are loved by many readers. "His creation, truth and poetry, laughter and tears, anger and bitterness.

translator

Hu Shi Hu Shi Hu Shi

Hu Shi (189165438+February17-1February 24, 962) was originally named Siyi, whose scientific name was Shi, whose real name was Jiang, and later renamed Hu Shi, whose pen names were Tianfeng and Zanghui. Hu Shi has a wide range of interests and rich writings, and has in-depth research in literature, philosophy, history, textual research, education, ethics, redology and many other fields. 1939 was also nominated by Nobel Prize in Literature.

1919 years old (19 years old), went to study in the United States through the second-stage official fee students in boxer indemnity, studied agriculture at Cornell University, and then transferred to liberal arts. 19 14, they went to Columbia university to study philosophy and studied under the philosopher Dewey. 1917 (aged 26) returned to China in the summer and became a professor at Peking University.

Previous positions: 19 17 Professor Peking University (26 years old),19 Acting Dean of Peking University (28 years old), 1922 Dean of Peking University (3 1 year old),/kloc- 1932 (4 1 year-old), Dean of Peking University College of Literature, Professor and Director of Fu Jen Catholic University, 1938 (47 years old), Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of China to the United States, Honorary Advisor of the Oriental Department of the Library of Congress, 1946 (55 years old), President Peking University, Academician of Academia Sinica, Hu Shi was also a pioneer of liberalism in China.

Main work

1857, when he was 17 years old, he came to Paris with the poem "The Woman Lover" (1858) and started his literary creation. 1866' s collection of essays and stories "letters from the mill" brought him a reputation as a novelist. This is an excellent collection of essays. The author takes the human feelings, customs, legends and anecdotes of his hometown Provence as the theme, and expresses deep local feelings with poetic style. Some of them are beautiful fairy tales, such as "Mr. Segan's Goat", which tells the story of a gentle and beautiful little goat of Mr. Segan, who loves freedom and is not satisfied with the grass in the backyard. He fled to the nearby hills and fought bravely with wolves until he was exhausted and swallowed by wolves. The Secret of Master Gonier describes that after the opening of the flour mill in Tarascon City, the windmill of the local mill stopped running, but the windmill of Master Gonier's mill still kept running. It turned out that he used quicklime to pretend to be wheat and ground it into powder. His hard work won the sympathy of the residents. Two years after The Mill's Letter was published, Dodd's first novel Little Things was published (1868). "Little Things" semi-autobiographically describes the author's experience of having to make a living in adolescence because of family decline, and depicts the cold relationship between people in capitalist society with a playful and humorous style. This novel is the masterpiece of Dude, which embodies the author's artistic style of no malicious irony and implicit sadness, that is, the so-called tearful smile. Therefore, Dude is known as Dickens of France. 1870 When the Franco-Prussian War broke out, Dude was drafted into the army. War life provided him with a new creative theme. Later, he wrote many patriotic short stories with the theme of war life. 1873, he published a famous collection of short stories, The Tales of Yueyao Day, most of which were set in this war. Among them, "The Last Lesson" and "The Surrounding of Berlin" are well-known for their profound patriotic content and exquisite artistic skills, and they have become masterpieces of the world's short stories. The Last Lesson describes a rural primary school in Alsace province, which was ceded to Prussia after the Franco-Prussian War. "Farewell to the Last French Class of the Motherland Language" vividly shows the French people's suffering from foreign rule and their love for the motherland through the self-narration of an innocent primary school student. Although the theme of the work is small, it is carefully cut, properly described and deeply explored. Little Franz's psychological activities are described in a delicate and touching way. As a typical patriotic intellectual, Mr. Hamel, a teacher, has a vivid image.