Appreciation of the Original Translation of Yao Nai's Climbing Mount Tai in Qing Dynasty

Climbing Mount Tai is a famous Taishan prose written by Yao Nai during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. This paper describes the author's experience of climbing Mount Tai to watch the sunrise in the snow, describes the magnificent situation of Mount Tai, and makes textual research and correction on the mistakes recorded in Mount Tai. The text is concise and vivid, and the scenery is particularly excellent. It's a famous classic of Tongcheng School. Wang Keyu, a scholar, called this essay "The Top of Mount Tai" by Yang Shuo, "Mount Tai in the Rain" by Li Jianwu, and "Picking the Mountain Son" by Feng Jicai as the four famous essays of modern Mount Tai.

Climb Mount Tai

Taishan Sun 1, Wenshui 2 flows westward; Its dark water flows eastward. Yanggu 4 went to Brunei, and Yingu went to the economy. When divided into north and south, the ancient Great Wall is also 6. The highest peak, No.7, is located 15 miles south of the Great Wall.

In September and December of the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong, he rode in Shi Jing 10 snowstorm, crossed Qihe River and Changqing River, crossed the northwest valley of Mount Tai and crossed the Great Wall, 12. As for Taian, it is 13. It turned out that Yue 14, the county magistrate Zhu 15 boarded the ship from the south foot. Forty-five miles, Daodu masonry 16, with a grade of more than 7000.

There are three valleys to the south of Mount Tai. At the entrance of Taian, Li Daoyuan is surrounded by water 18. I started to follow 19, less than half way 20, crossed the ridge 2 1, and then I followed Xigu to its top. In ancient times, climbing a mountain and following the East Valley, there were twenty-two Tianmen. The East Valley was called Tianmenxi in ancient times, so I can't get there. Those who pass through the cliff today are limited to the current dynasty, and the world is called Tianmen Cloud 24. The fog and ice on the road are so slippery that you can't climb it in 25 minutes. Harmony, Cangshan negative snow, bright candle south 26; Looking at Sunshine Castle in the evening, Wenshui and Sulai are picturesque, and the mid-levels are all foggy.

Wu, 29, and Zi Ying, 30, sat in the viewing pavilion at 3 1 until sunrise. Strong winds and snow hit the face. The pavilion is self-sufficient in the east and full of clouds. Dozens of people are standing in the clouds, and the mountains are there. The sky is 34 clouds and a line of different colors, and it becomes five in 35 minutes. In the morning, it was as red as Dan 36, and there was a red light below, so I wavered. In other words, the East China Sea is 37. Looking back at the scenery of the sun, you can see the west peak, or get the sun, or not 38, crimson refutation color 39, but all are 40.

There are Dai Temple 4 1 and Bixia Temple 42 in the west of Tingxi; Emperor No.43' s palace is in the east of Yuan Jun Temple in Bi Xia. On that day, the stone carvings in the Taoist temple have lost 45% in ancient times since Tang Xianqing was 44 years old. Those who get in the way are not as good as the past.

The mountains are rocky and the soil is little; The stone is light black and square, less than 47. There are few miscellaneous trees, many pines, and forty-eight raw stones, all of which are flat-topped ice and snow, without waterfalls and birds and animals. There are no trees in the days, but the snow is knee-high.

Tongcheng Yao Nai.

Sentence annotation

Yang: It's to the south of the mountain.

Warm (Wèn) water: also called Wenjiang. Originated in Yuanshan Mountain in the northeast of Laiwu, Shandong Province, it flows southwest through Tai 'andong.

Jishui: Originated in the west of Wuwangshan, Jiyuan County, Henan Province, and flows into the sea from the mountain to the east. Later, the downstream was washed away by the Yellow River.

Yanggu: refers to the water in Shannan valley. Valley, the flowing water channel between two mountains, is now commonly known as mountain stream.

North-South Time: At the north-south boundary of that (sunny valley and shady valley).

Ancient Great Wall: refers to the ruins of the Great Wall built in the Spring and Autumn Period, which is the boundary between ancient Qilu and China.

Sunview Peak: Dongyan at the top of the mountain is the place where Mount Tai watches the sunrise.

Recipient: At.

Qianlong 39 years: 1774. Qianlong is the title of Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty in Aisingiorro Hongli.

Cheng: But it means "adventure" here.

Qihe and Changqing: The place names are all in Shandong Province.

Limit: threshold, here refers to the wall like threshold.

Tai 'an: Today's Tai 'an City, Shandong Province, is south of Mount Tai. The Qing Dynasty was ruled by Tai 'an Prefecture.

Ding Wei: Ding Weiwei (1February 28th).

Zhu Ziying: Zhu, Ziying. At that time, it was the magistrate of Taian Prefecture.

D: Stone steps.

Grade: stone grade.

Surrounding water: the middle reaches, commonly known as washing the river, flows out of Mount Tai and flows south along the east side of Tai 'an City.

Follow: To enter along (the middle valley).

Less than half way: less than half way.

Zhong Ling: Huangxianling, also known as Zhongxishan, is the birthplace of Xi Zhong.

Tianmen: the name of Mount Tai. "Shandong Tongzhi": "Mount Tai circulates for 160 miles, with more than 100 twists and turns, passing through the Nantianmen and the East-West Three Tianmen, reaching its peak and reaching a height of more than 40 miles."

A cliff that blocks the way like a threshold.

Cloud: Modal particles.

A few: almost.

Cangshan is covered with snow, and the candle shines in the south: the castle peak is covered with snow, and the lights illuminate the southern sky. No, I came back. Candles, verbs, light.

Cú lái: The mountain name is in the southeast of Tai 'an.

Live: live.

Wu Shenhui: The day of Wu Shenhui is the end of the month. Hui: The last day of the lunar calendar.

Five drums: five more.

Rijing Pavilion: The name of the pavilion is at the top of Rijing Mountain.

Man: Man.

Chū pú: Also known as Kuaipu, an ancient gambling game, here refers to the "five trees" used in the game. Ebony has two sharp ends and a flat middle, standing like a mountain peak.

Extreme sky: horizon.

Pick: pass "color".

Dan: Cinnabar.

East China Sea: refers to the sea in the east. This is imagination. In fact, you can't see the East China Sea from the top of Mount Tai.

Either you get the sun, or you don't get it: some are illuminated by the sun, and some are not.

Purple refutation color: red or white, mixed color. Deep red, scarlet. Hao: White. Refutation: miscellaneous.

Ruoruo: Like a bent back. It means to bow. The peaks to the west of Riguan Peak are all lower than Riguan Peak, so. Turn over and hunch over.

Daici: Dongyue Temple.

Bi Xia Yuan Jun: It is said that she is the daughter of Emperor Dongyue.

Palace: the residence where the emperor lived when he went out for inspection. This refers to the palace where Qianlong lived when he climbed Mount Tai.

Xianqing: the year number of Tang Gaozong.

Fuzzy: Fuzzy or nonexistent. Man: Wipe it off.

Remote, not close to the road.

Hey: Pass the circle.

Stone crack: a stone crack.

Waterfall: Waterfall.

Vernacular translation

South of Mount Tai, Wenxi River flows; North of Mount Tai, Jishui flows east. All the water in the southern valley flows into Wenshui, and all the water in the northern valley flows into Jishui. Located on the north-south boundary between Nanyang Valley and Yingu Valley, it is the site of the Great Wall built by Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period. The highest sun peak is 15 miles south of the ancient Great Wall.

I set out from Beijing in December of the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong, braved the snowstorm, passed Qihe County and Changqing County, crossed the valley in the northwest of Mount Tai, crossed the Great Wall and arrived in Tai 'an. On the 28th of this month, Zhu, the magistrate of Tai 'an, and I climbed the mountain from the foot of the mountain on the south side. Climbing forty-five miles, the road is made of stone steps, and those stone steps have more than 7 thousand steps. There are three waterways due south of Mount Tai, among which the water in the middle valley surrounds Tai 'an City, which is what Li Daoyuan said in his book. I first went in along the middle valley. Less than half way along the path, over the ridge in the middle, and then along the waterway in the west, you will reach the top of Mount Tai. Climb Mount Tai in ancient times and enter along the East Waterway. There is a Tianmen in the middle of the road. This valley in the east was called "Tianmenxi" in ancient times, and I have never been there. At present, I pass through the middle ridge and the top of the mountain, and the cliff like a threshold blocks my way. The world calls it "Tianmen". The road is foggy and icy, and the stone steps are almost impossible to climb. When I reached the top of the mountain, I saw the green hills covered with snow, and the snow light lit up the southern sky. Looking at the sunset from a distance, Tai 'an City is reflected. Wenshui and Culai Mountain are like a beautiful landscape painting, and the clouds staying halfway up the mountain are like a dancing ribbon.

The day of Wushen is the end of the month. At the fifth watch, Ziying and I sat in the pavilion, waiting for the sunrise. At this time, the snowflake raised by the strong wind hit my face. To the east of the pavilion, there is a cloud rising from the soles of your feet, and dozens of white dice-shaped things are faintly visible in the cloud, which is a mountain peak. The clouds on the horizon form a line with strange colors and then become colorful. The sun has risen, red as vermilion, and there is red light swaying below to hold it. Some people say this is the East China Sea. Looking back at the peaks to the west of Riguan Peak, some are illuminated by sunlight, some are not illuminated, or red or white, and the colors are mixed, all of which are like bowing.

There are Dongyue Emperor Temple and Bi Xia Yuan Jun Temple in the west of Riguan Pavilion. The emperor lived in the east of Yuan Jun Temple in Bi Xia when he was on patrol. On this day, I also saw the stone carvings on the road, all of which belonged to the Tang Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. Those older stone tablets were blurred or disappeared. Those remote stone carvings that don't face the road can't catch up.

There are more stones on the mountain, but less soil. The rocks are blue-black, mostly flat and square, and rarely round. There are few miscellaneous trees, mostly pine trees. Pine trees all grow in cracks in stones, and their tops are flat. Ice and snow, no waterfalls, no sounds and traces of birds and animals. There are no trees for miles near the Sun Peak, and the snow is knee-thick.

Yao Nai's account of Tongcheng.

Literary appreciation

The article closely revolves around the author's travels, interspersed with descriptions of the characteristics of Mount Tai and the scenery he saw. * * * Five paragraphs of the text. The first paragraph starts from the geographical environment: there is a stream of water flowing west in the south of the mountain, and water flowing east in the north of the mountain. The famous mountains and rivers are particularly spectacular. The sentence "the sunny valleys are all in Brunei, and the shady valleys are all in the economy" is very powerful. The waterscape of Mount Tai is written from two rivers, and it is pointed out that many tributaries in the south of the mountain cross vertically and horizontally, and finally one river is the scenery. The ancient Great Wall, which straddles the dividing line between sunny valley and shady valley, adds magnificent colors to Mount Tai. Then it points out the highest point of Mount Tai-Sun Guanfeng, which paves the way for the following. In this passage, before climbing Mount Tai, the author wrote several landscapes, such as mountains, water, the ancient Great Wall, and the Sunguan Peak, with layers, colors, and movements interwoven to outline the general appearance of Mount Tai. Simple outline and clear lines.

In the second paragraph, it is written that in December of the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong, he left Beijing, braved a snowstorm, passed through several counties, arrived in Tai 'an, and the initial itinerary, date and weather conditions of climbing Mount Tai with Zhu Ziying on the 28th of this month. They climbed the mountain from the south foot. The mountain road is "forty-five miles, and the roads are paved with stones, with a grade of seven thousand." The route chosen by the author is to follow the people in Zhonggu. "The road is less than half, crossing Zhongling, going to Xigu, and reaching the top of the mountain." It seems to be an understatement, but after reading the following "Those who cross mountains and cliffs are limited to the road" and "The fog and ice in the road are slippery and almost impossible to climb", I feel "easy but difficult". As soon as the author climbed to the top of the mountain, the Qingfeng Mountain in the lookout seat was covered with snow, illuminating the southern sky. Overlooking Taian City, Hanshui River and Zulai Mountain are bathed in sunset photos, just like pictures; Clouds surrounded by mountains are like a gentle belt. The sunset photos of Mount Tai described by the author with little pen and ink are true in scenery, broad in artistic conception, with the brilliance of the first snow and the beauty of the mountains and rivers in the sunset, especially the "fog in the mountains". This is a stroke of genius, which makes the sunset photos of the snow-capped mountains look lifelike, and writes the special charm of peace, brightness and solemnity of Mount Tai with gentle and elegant beauty, giving the whole picture. All this makes the author relaxed and happy, and the author's excitement and joy are beyond words.

The third paragraph is the center of the whole paper. On the evening of 28th, the author climbed to the top of the mountain, and on the New Year's Eve the next day (the year1February), he and Zhu Ziying went to the Riguan Pavilion on Riguan Peak at 5: 00pm to wait for the sunrise. Before sunrise, the blizzard hit the face, and the snow was mixed. Coupled with the "foggy ice slippery" on Taishan Road, it is a scene of winter. Looking eastward from the pavilion, the valley is filled with clouds, the so-called "sea of clouds". Before the sun comes out, it means "I see dozens of people standing on clouds and mountains." The author looked down from the top of the mountain and the mountains were like dice. This is written from the opposite side that the sun pavilion is located at the highest point. The word "white" sums up the snow-covered mountains. "A little scene" echoes the "five drums", indicating that it is still dark and all the scenery is still unclear, just hazy. The dark scene before the sun came out set off the spectacle of sunrise. When the sun is about to rise, the scenery is "extremely colorful clouds with different colors, which means that at the place where heaven and earth meet, there is a row of clouds with strange colors that suddenly become colorful." At this time, the night has receded, the morning light appears, the shape of the sun is gone, and the light is already visible. Soon this line of different colors continued to expand and change, becoming colorful. The background of this glow is a potential emerging sun. As soon as the sun comes out, it is "the sun is shining high and there is red light shaking." Or:' This East China Sea is also.' "These words describe the sun came out, latosolic red color, glowing red. The author didn't write the scene that the red cloud turned into a semicircle and jumped out of the sea at a very fast speed, but only wrote the vitality and strength of the sunrise in the color of vermilion. The rising sun, like Dan, is reflected on the sea, shining up and down, waves rolling and red waves shaking, as if supporting the sun. This imaginative description makes the image of the sun magnificent. Writing about sunrise doesn't stop there. The author looks back to the west, and the mountains west of Riguan Peak are red in the sunshine. What is invisible is still white. In the morning light, the red and white mountains are like bowing, short, just like the effect of Du Fu's famous sentence: "Reach the peak, the other mountains all appear dwarfs under the sky.." .

After seeing the sunrise, the author wrote about places of interest. There are many places of interest on Mount Tai, but the author only chooses some places of interest near Riguan Pavilion to briefly describe them. When writing, Sun Guange is the center, which clearly depicts the location of Dai Temple, Bi Xia Yuan Jun Temple and the Emperor's Palace, and forms a set of landscape maps centered on Sun Guanfeng. A brief introduction to these monuments highlights that Riguan Peak has been an important tourist attraction of Mount Tai since ancient times, with many tourists and many surrounding monuments. The fifth paragraph summarizes the characteristics of Mount Tai: "There are more stones and less soil; The stone is black, square and round. The miscellaneous trees are loose, and the stone basins are flat-topped. " In the arrangement of "three more and three less", the dark color and square shape of rocks are emphasized, and the shape of pine trees born in stone crevices and flat tops is emphasized. In this way, a vivid image is written in short sentences, highlighting the majestic and steep face of Mount Tai. It also depicts the landscape of Mount Tai in winter: "Ice and snow, no waterfall water, birds and animals. In the eyes of the Japanese, there are no trees and no knees in Fiona Fang for miles. " Use more short sentences of two or three words, which are concise and powerful. Write about ice and snow and respond to the last article "The wind blows snow and hits the face" to end the text. The last paragraph "Yao Nai is in Tongcheng" tells the author that this is a common travel note format.

"Climbing Mount Tai" tells the story of the author climbing Mount Tai with friends to watch the sunrise in winter, vividly showing the magnificent scenery of Chu Qing after the snow and the magnificent scene at sunrise, and expressing the author's feelings of praising the rivers and mountains of the motherland. The tone of the article is positive, optimistic and heroic, and it is a famous prose in Qing Dynasty.