What are the four main points of writing a composition?

1. What are the four main narrative sequences in our common writing order? Write a narrative in order.

What to write first, then what to write, and then what to write can only be described clearly if it is arranged properly. The order of narration can generally be divided into four types: direct narration, flashback, insertion and supplementary narration.

Sequential narration is the most commonly used and basic narrative writing method, which generally refers to narration according to the time sequence of events. Using this method, the level of the article can be basically consistent with the development process of the event, and it is easy to describe the event with a clear context.

The methods of sequential narration can be divided into the following categories: First, narration is completely chronological. For example, the article "Laoshan Boundary" describes the process of the Red Army crossing the Laoshan Boundary according to the passage of time (afternoon-dark-night-dawn the next day-2 pm-after 2 pm); The second is to describe events in the order of location changes, such as the article "Mr. Fujino", starting from the author's arrival in Tokyo, then writing a few things that he got along with Mr. Fujino after he left Sendai, and finally writing about his nostalgia and reverence after he left Sendai; The third is to describe the events in the order of their internal logical connections.

For example, in Who is the cutest person, the author praised the noble qualities of volunteers from three aspects with three examples. The first example focuses on the incomparable hatred of the volunteers for the enemy, the second example shows the love of the volunteers for the Korean people, and the third example shows the lofty spiritual realm of the volunteers.

These three examples tell readers from the outside to the inside that volunteers are the most lovely people. When describing an example, because the change of time and the transformation order of space and place are often the same, there are often several ways to describe it in chronological order in an article.

Flashback means that according to the needs of expression, the ending or the most prominent fragment of the event is described in front, and then the event is described from the beginning according to the original development order. Flashback can arouse suspense, enhance the attraction of the article and make it fascinating.

We have read many flashback articles, such as a precious shirt, a little thing, thinking of my mother, thinking of a spinning wheel and so on. When using flashback method, we should pay attention to the following points: after the end of the event is explained at the beginning of the article, we should go back to the beginning of the event and write from the cause; After describing the event, we should return to the ending, so that the end is consistent and the structure is complete.

Interpolation refers to temporarily interrupting the narrative clue, inserting a paragraph related to the main plot, and then narrating the original content in the process of narrating the central event in order to help unfold the plot or portray the characters. There are two episodes in Lu Xun's hometown.

One is that when my mother was talking about leap soil, the author used "At this time, a miraculous picture suddenly flashed in my mind." It leads to the interpolation of the image of young leap soil.

The other is the memory of Yang Er's sister-in-law. These two episodes make the different images and different life situations of Runtu and his sister-in-law Yang Er in sharp contrast, enrich the content of the article, and discuss the theme in depth.

The narrative content should be able to supplement, explain or set off the central content, which can be long or short according to the needs of the central content, but it can't go beyond the scope of expressing the central idea, otherwise it will distract attention and appear cumbersome. When using interpolation, we should arrange the connection with the central content, so as to make the transition natural and the content coherent.

Supplementary narration, also called descriptive narration, is to make some simple supplementary explanations to the people or things mentioned above in three or two sentences or a short paragraph. Supplementary narrative is usually an organic part of the central event and the focus of the article.

Without supplementary narration, there will be loopholes in the story, which is puzzling For example, the sixteenth chapter of Water Margin describes seven jujube merchants fighting for longevity classes in Huangnigang pine forest.

Seeing this, readers are naturally suspicious: the same barrel of wine is drunk by jujube merchants.

2. Composition guidance for senior high school entrance examination: What four hot spots should be paid attention to when writing a good material composition (1): based on "today".

When we say "today", we mean not only today, but also now and now. In terms of specific performance, first, the title refers to "today", such as "It's nice today" (Nanjing title) and "Sleepless Tonight" (Urumqi title), focusing on today and looking at the present; Second, standing today and recalling the past, such as "Another windy year" (Jinan topic), "Deep nostalgia" (Dalian topic 1), "Starting from that moment" (Wenzhou topic), "Impression" (Ningxia topic 2) and "Feeling the Festival" (Guilin and Baise), all require candidates to review the past and tell stories. Third, look forward to the future from today's perspective, such as "If you don't make up lessons in the third grade" (Jilin question 1), "What you want most after the senior high school entrance examination" (Nanchong question 2) and "Not finished yet" (Beijing question). We need to write about the future life, but we must have the projection and continuation of today's life.

(2) Location hotspot: facing the side. For example, "I like to see the new face of my hometown" (Dazhou's topic 1), "The scenery here is good" (Meishan's topic 1), "Indulge in the world" (Guiyang's topic 1), "Walking on the path" (Jingzhou's topic 1), and about the local area. They encouraged.

This kind of topic has strong humanistic characteristics. (3) Hot spots of people: mainly "me".

The word "I" appears in a large number of full-propositional and semi-propositional compositions. For example, "In an instant, I found myself" (Shenzhen topic), "The beauty I found" (Maoming topic), "In my world, everything is beautiful" (Shaanxi topic), "At that moment, I stepped onto a new step" (Lanzhou topic), "We walked together" (Nantong topic) and "That time, I was with him. Some require candidates to write "I" from the perspective of "I", while others require candidates to write "he (it)" and write about society from the perspective of "I". The general feature is to pay attention to students' daily life, said.

The "I"-centered test questions will certainly exist in a large number of composition test questions in the 20 10 senior high school entrance examination. (4) Event hotspot: focusing on experience.

Unlike the major events such as fighting snowstorms, earthquake relief and welcoming the Olympic Games before the entrance examination in 2008, most of the events before the entrance examination in 2009, such as fighting the international financial crisis and the 90th anniversary of the May 4th Movement, did not directly enter students' lives. Perhaps it is precisely because of this reason, such as "After the earthquake …" and "Overcome yourself and be strong" that appeared in the senior high school entrance examination in 2008, this year is correspondingly less.

In 2009, the composition questions of the senior high school entrance examination in various places either arranged the hot spots of the times in the introduction. For example, a story in the fight against influenza A (H 1N 1) in Taizhou, Jiangsu Province leads to the full-proposition composition "Knowing Responsibility"; Either it implies the hot spots of the times, such as "keeping warm" (Taizhou topic), "reaching out" (Weifang topic), "passing" (Changzhou topic), "not taking the ordinary road" (Jiaxing topic), "They are taller in the spring breeze" (Changsha topic 2) and so on. It can not only write the candidates' own life experiences, but also reflect the hot spots of the times from a big or small perspective. A large number of test questions point to candidates' life experiences, such as Happy Birthday (Zibo), Unforgettable Experience (Jining), Vacation (Zhangzhou), The Story of Our Junior High School Students (Sanming), Between Teachers and Students (Anhui), and so on. Candidates can think of many of their experiences and find a lot of materials at a glance.

In short, the proposer tries his best to mobilize the life accumulation of candidates, let them find handy writing materials, and encourage them to "tell the truth, tell the truth, and don't tell lies, empty words or cliches". (5) Emotional hotspot: healthy and upward.

The senior high school entrance examination is an important experience in life, and its composition proposition not only examines the writing ability of graduates, but also guides the improvement of candidates' thoughts and personality, which is a great pursuit of proposers. Therefore, as far as the thoughts and emotions to be expressed in the content of the essay are concerned, the proposer must be healthy and upward.

For example, "Great!" (Shanxi topic), topic composition "Self-confidence" (Jingmen topic) and other questions encourage candidates to face life confidently and optimistically and face others; "I am very lucky" (Jiangxi topic) conveys psychological feelings such as contentment and gratitude; "Team spirit" (Qingdao Question 2), "Extend your hand" (Weifang Question) and other topics, so that candidates know how to get along with others and win-win cooperation. "What do I still lack" (Foshan topic), encourage candidates to know themselves correctly, keep making progress and improve themselves; "Help me with advice when I am unkind" (Henan topic 1), topic composition "Get out of my little world" (Linyi topic), material composition "Just do your best" (Wuhan topic), and writing letters to encourage students to treat setbacks and pressures correctly (Tianjin topic). In order to grow and mature in the process of solving life problems. The above five hot spots have all implemented the spirit of the document "Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Further Promoting and Perfecting the Reform of Senior High School Entrance Examination", "The proposition of academic examination should be strictly based on the subject curriculum standards, and the connection between examination questions and social reality and students' experience should be strengthened", and the spirit of curriculum standards "Writing teaching should be close to students' reality, make students easy to write and be willing to express, and guide students to pay attention to reality, love life and express their true feelings" has also been implemented.

We can foresee that these hot spots will continue to be hot in the future senior high school entrance examination. Preparation: Insisting on the comprehensive training of composition review for senior high school entrance examination, preparing from the content means reading and pondering some excellent compositions from the aspects of self-growth, hot spots in life, moral cultivation, emotional experience, speculative sentiment and imaginative innovation. And see what they are worth learning and learning from, and at the same time store some famous sayings and aphorisms, news and current affairs and other related materials from these aspects; Preparing questions is to study their coping methods and train carefully according to the commonly used questions (at least two) in the local examination area.

For example, when dealing with a full-proposition composition, we must carefully analyze the topic (including the introduction) and pay attention to all morphemes and words that make up the topic.

3. What four points should I pay attention to when writing a good composition? Grasp the key words and carefully analyze the ideological tendency and emotional tendency of the proposer. When doing test questions, proposers often integrate their understanding of materials and emotional tendencies into materials and tips. Therefore, in order to examine the questions accurately and properly, we must grasp the key words in the materials and carefully analyze the intentions of the proposer.

Such as the following materials: Zhou Zeng said: proud people claim to be masters of fate, while humble people are willing to be slaves of fate. In addition, there is another kind of person who pursues fate, but does not insist; Accept your fate, but don't be timid.

When he is lucky, he will ridicule his luck; When he is unlucky, he will make fun of his misfortune. He did not underestimate the power of fate, nor did he overestimate its value.

He's just a friend of fate. Although three attitudes towards fate are put forward in the material, a careful analysis of the words "arrogance" and "humility" in the material shows that the proposer intends to make you deny the practice of "being a master" and "being a slave" and agree with "being a friend of fate".

On this basis, further association will lead to the following understanding: "Being a slave to fate", succumbing to fate, will be devastated in the face of failure and bad luck, and of course will be abandoned. It is commendable to "hold the fate by the throat" like Beethoven and "shit nine times a day" like Sima Qian, but after all, life is too heavy.

And take fate as a friend, and face everything given by fate calmly and optimistically, and you will often live a positive and satisfied life. Just like hawking, who is firm and optimistic, in the face of unfortunate fate, he accepts everything with a grateful attitude and improves his life positively and optimistically.

Second, grasp the meaning of the material. At present, the material composition of the senior high school entrance examination [Weibo] requires finding a suitable angle from the materials. Pick a topic and write it yourself.

Therefore, the examination of questions and questions has become the primary problem of writing. However, the materials have an objective and unchangeable "restriction" on the establishment of the theme, and many candidates can't grasp the center of the materials.

Often, starting a new stove from the material leads to "digression". Please see the following essay topic: Only a single tree does not make a forest/only a thousand trees depend on each other, can there be loose waves/only a single flower does not make a spring/only a hundred flowers are low, can there be love for all/dripping water does not flow/only a thousand points gather.

Only then has that boundless blue wave. Dear classmates, life is the same/life is just because of you.

Come with me. Get along well with him/with you, me and him.

Only bright colors. Requirements: ① According to your understanding of this passage, contact your own life and write your own topic; ② Style is not limited, except poetry; 3 words not less than 600 words; (4) There should be no real names such as names of people, schools and places.

A piece of material is often ambiguous, so you should pay attention to the meaning that best conforms to the proposition intention and best reflects the direction of the material. The material given in the above example is a poem. Only by understanding the theme of the poem can the theme of writing be established.

The main idea of this poem is embodied in the last two sentences: "Life is colorful only because you, me, him/you, me and him live in harmony." According to this key sentence in the material, we can extract writing themes such as "life needs cooperation", "harmonious coexistence leads to a better life", "unity is victory" and "collective is strength".

Third, figurative and allegorical materials, first summarize the general idea of the materials, and then through finding the corresponding points with life, deeply understand that the theme and intention of meaningful materials are implicit, not exposed. Only by deeply understanding and analyzing its meaning can we correctly grasp the theme and intention. Such as the following materials: a group of hedgehogs hibernate, the weather is cold, they are close to each other, and as a result they stab each other; When they are far away from each other, they don't feel warm.

Finally, they chose a suitable distance that is not too far away, so that they can get warmth from each other without hurting each other. The main idea of this material is to keep a proper distance between hedgehogs, but just seeing this is not enough. We should further find the corresponding real life: parents and children should keep an appropriate distance, friends should also keep an appropriate distance, and individuals should also keep an appropriate distance from money and power ... If compared with real life, we will find that there are many similarities between the two, and this * * * is the same.

Fourth, choose the right angle For the same material, different candidates will have different angles of choice, and choose those angles that can best express the theme. For example, the following material: Jews often encourage themselves, "There is no bean that cannot be sold."

It means: if you don't sell beans, you can add water to germinate them, and you can sell bean sprouts in a few days: if you don't sell bean sprouts. Then simply let it grow up and sell it as bean sprouts; Bean sprouts can't be sold and can be transplanted into flowerpots.

As a bonsai: if the bonsai can't be sold, then transplant it into the soil and let it grow up in a few months. It will produce many new beans.

4. What is the focus of the writer's composition? The writer's composition should be grasped from the following four aspects. First, grasp the typical.

The ideological quality and personality characteristics of characters are reflected through concrete examples, so the author must grasp them.

1, a typical style that can best express the quality of characters, can be convincing and vivid.

2. What can best explain the ideological quality of characters and show the truth of the world belongs to the typical category.

3. "Vigorous" events are typical, and things that seem ordinary but actually contain unusual qualities of characters are also typical. As the saying goes, "a drop of water can reflect the brilliance of the sun." Writing about people through a typical thing is one of the basic elements of writing about people. There is no typicality, the article is unremarkable, and "writing people" promotes true meaning. The purpose of modeling is to illustrate something. Therefore, students must combine the reality of life when shaping the model, and can't make it out of nothing.

Second, see personality in words and deeds (language description)

(action description)

"What you say must be done". A person's language expression is a mirror to show his personality characteristics. As Mr. Lu Xun said, a person's language "enables readers to see people with words." Therefore, a writer must attach importance to language description, choose representative sentences to describe his inner world and express his personality and thoughts. Language should conform to people's identity. The real language of the characters in the composition is particularly important, and you must never "speak it out" by imagination.

In addition to language, human behavior is also dominated by people's thoughts and feelings. Action description plays a very important role in portraying characters and expressing their qualities. To describe people's behavior, we must carefully observe the movements of the characters and carefully choose the most accurate and appropriate phrases.

Third, what seems to be true (psychological description)

People who want to write true feelings are first of all "true". To make people * * *, it is necessary to observe and analyze the characters written. How to observe and analyze? In addition to judging the language, behavior and appearance of the object, sometimes it is necessary to scrutinize his inner activities. Only in this way can we consistently portray the character.

In the articles we have read, we often see such words: "I think", "He is thinking in his head", "The teacher's words have come back to my ears" and "My heart is like knocking over a five-flavor bottle, and the ups and downs come to my mind together". These are all descriptions of the inner world of the characters.

Write it. With psychological description, the composition appears alive.

Four, thousands of people can't be one side (description)

When you write about a person, you often have to describe his appearance. The content of appearance is very wide, including posture, appearance, clothing, expression and so on.

Only by grasping the characteristics of the characters and writing their appearance well can the characters be vividly displayed to readers.

When describing the appearance of characters, we should grasp the most prominent and impressive features. Some students lack true feelings when writing people, so they recite what others have written and use it. Describe a person's appearance, often thousands of people. What "round face, watery eyes, black hair" Men, women and children are the same. If students carefully "capture" the appearance of the characters they write, they will find that there are no two people with exactly the same appearance in the world. The description varies from person to person, and "one thousand people" is boring.

People look different, composition must not be like a running account, one must have a lot, from beginning to end. In fact, the difference between "this" and "that" is often only reflected in one or several main features. I grabbed my eyebrows and beard, and I wrote all my looks. In fact, the main features were annihilated, and the purpose was achieved. Therefore,

When writing about people's appearance, we must focus on the needs of the theme of the article, grasp the characteristics, and be good at choosing.

5. What are the four points to be done when writing a review? There are four points to write about reading:

First, grasp the center of reading the original text: we can guide students to understand the content of the article and grasp the idea of the article in three steps. Only by guiding students to "read" carefully can they write "feelings".

Second, choose the key points: There are many points that a good book and a good article can "feel", so students must be guided to choose the point that they feel the deepest, the latest angle, the most realistic pertinence and the best writing skills from among many points, and be the starting point of their own post-reading.

Third, the combination of reading and emotion focuses on: guiding students to handle the relationship between reading and emotion in writing after reading, so as to kill two birds with one stone.

Fourth, talk about feelings in connection with reality: guide students to contact themselves or others' thoughts and life reality and write their true feelings.