The birth background of weather forecast

The main contents of weather forecast are the future rain, maximum and minimum temperature, wind direction and wind force and special disastrous weather in a region or city. As far as China is concerned, meteorological stations can accurately predict the location and intensity of natural disasters such as cold waves, typhoons and rainstorms, and can directly serve industrial and agricultural production and people's lives.

Weather forecast is based on meteorological observation data, applying the principles and methods of meteorology, dynamic meteorology and statistics to make a qualitative or quantitative forecast of the weather conditions in a certain area or a certain place in the future. This is an important goal of atmospheric science research. It is of great significance to people's lives.

Nowadays, when people go out, they can decide whether to bring rain gear by listening to or watching the weather forecast. In the past, they had to worry about the weather. Then, how does the weather forecast, the most important work of the meteorological station every day, come into being?

Around 650 BC, Babylonians used the appearance of clouds to predict the weather. Around 340 BC, Aristotle described different weather conditions in his astronomical theory. China people have recorded the weather forecast at least around 300 BC. The ancient weather forecast mainly depended on some weather phenomena. For example, people often observed sunny weather after sunset. This observation has accumulated a lot and formed a weather proverb. However, many of these proverbs were later proved to be incorrect.

From the17th century, scientists began to use scientific instruments (such as barometer) to measure weather conditions and use these data to make weather forecasts. But for a long time, people can only use local meteorological data to make weather forecast, because at that time, people can't transmit the data to a distant place quickly. 1837 after the invention of the telegraph, people were able to make use of large-scale meteorological data for weather forecast.

Meteorology developed rapidly in the 20th century. People's understanding of atmospheric processes is becoming clearer and clearer. Digital weather forecast appeared and developed rapidly with the development of computer hardware in1970s. Today, it has become the most important weather forecast method. 1853- 1856, the Crimean war broke out between tsarist Russia and Britain and France for the Balkans, and Russia was defeated as a result. It was this war that led to the appearance of weather forecast.

This is a huge naval battle.1854165438+10/4. When the two sides launched a fierce battle in the Black Sea of Europe, the storm suddenly came, with the maximum wind speed exceeding 30 meters per second, which set off huge waves at sea and almost wiped out the British and French fleets. Afterwards, the British and French allied forces were still concerned. The French War Department asked Le freire, director of the Paris Observatory, to study the cause and effect of the storm carefully. At that time, there was no telephone. Le Freire only wrote letters to astronomers and meteorologists all over the world to collect local weather information during the five days of1854112 ~16 in October. He received 250 letters at once. According to these data, after careful analysis, reasoning and judgment, Le freire found that the Black Sea storm came from the vast Atlantic Ocean and swept across Europe from west to east. Two days before the accident, namely 1854 1 12 and 1854 13, Spanish and French in western Europe had already looked at the drifting clouds in the sky and lost in thought: "This storm looks sudden on the surface, but in fact it is. The telegraph has been invented. If there were weather stations along the Atlantic coast of Europe at that time, wouldn't it be possible to avoid heavy losses by telegraphing the storm to the British and French fleets in time? " So, on March 1855 and 16, Lefler Lei made a report at the French Academy of Sciences, saying that if a network of weather stations was organized, the observation data were quickly concentrated in one place by telegraph, analyzed and drawn into a weather map, it would be possible to infer the running path of future storms. Le freire's unique idea has aroused strong repercussions in France and even the whole world. People deeply realize that accurate weather forecast is not only beneficial to marching operations, but also beneficial to industrial and agricultural production and daily life. Due to the needs of all sectors of society, with the active promotion of Le freire, France established the world's first official weather forecast service system in 1856.

The birth history of weather forecast shows that meteorological conditions can affect the outcome of local wars or campaigns, and meteorological undertakings have been promoted and developed because of the needs of wars.