The 45th day of studying Chronicle of Long History.

* * * The 45th day of learning history, June 2, 20221

Volume II Flowers, Trees and Orchids

Notes on the title or background of a book.

Orchids, like bamboo, are gentlemen in flowers. Wen Zhenheng introduced orchids with meticulous pen and ink, and introduced their respective characteristics from the varieties all over the country. There is also a high demand for pots and pans for raising orchids, which are expensive and not vulgar. The methods of raising orchids in four seasons are introduced in detail. Different seasons, weather and orchids have different states, so different cultivation methods should be used. Zhang Ming and Chandler's Orchid Flower Spectrum talked about the nourishment of flowers: "Every night, vase flowers should be exposed to the sun in a windless place, which can last for several days. This day is also a skill of ginseng. " When planting flowers, you should understand the feelings between man and nature. How to get rid of ants and leaf lice also needs painstaking care. The leisure of raising flowers has turned into careful conservation, and only a scholar like Wen Zhenheng can do it, right?

The most typical image of orchids is Cymbidium sinense. "Confucius' Family Language" said: "Lanzhi was born in the deep forest and is not fragrant because there is no one; Xiu De, a gentleman, did not change his religion for poverty. "A gentleman should be as noble as Lan Zhi, but in the literati's works, the empty valley is full of narcissism, which also shows his own life dilemma. Tang Li Bai's "Antique": "Lonely orchids give birth to secluded gardens, and many grasses are destroyed. "Use the metaphor of solitary orchid to express loneliness and depression. Tang Chen Zi-ang's Sense: "Lan Re was born in spring and summer, so why does it flourish?". ..... China's era was shaken, and Fang Yi achieved nothing. "It shows the desolation of independence. The Song poem Lan says, "Living in a secluded valley, do you want to entertain the world?"? I have no intention of entrusting the court with the freedom to hoe the door. "It expresses the lofty, unwilling to kitsch.

original text

Orchids are produced in the middle of Fujian, with leaves like sword awns and flowers higher than leaves. So is the so-called "Qiu Lan is green with green leaves and purple stems" in Lisao. The second best is Ganzhou, a mountain resort is indispensable. But each place can only put one pot, as many as the Tiger Hill Flower Market. You must find Old Longquan, Zhou Jun, Neifu and the most important people in spring. 3. Avoid using flowerpots and brackets.

To annotate ...

Ganzhou: Ganzhou, Jiangxi today. The name of the person from Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province is "Gan Lan".

(2) Tiger Hill: place name, also known as Haiyong Mountain. In the northwest of Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, He Lv, the king of Wu, was buried here in the Spring and Autumn Period. After the burial, a white tiger sat on it, hence the name.

③ Longquan: Longquan kiln. It is a famous kiln in the history of China and one of the six kiln systems in Song Dynasty. Named after its main producing area is Longquan City, Zhejiang Province. It started in the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty and ended in the Qing Dynasty. It has a history of 1600 years, and is the longest porcelain kiln system in the history of porcelain making in China. Zhou Jun: Zhou Jun Kiln. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Yangzhai (now Yuxian County, Henan Province) was named Jun Kiln because of its Juntai, commonly known as Jun Kiln. Jin changed Yangzhai to (that is) and made porcelain in previous dynasties. Neifu: that is, the inner kiln. One of the famous celadon kilns in the Southern Song Dynasty, after the Song Dynasty crossed the south, it captured the old kiln and built it in Neisi to make celadon, also known as the official kiln. Gong Chun: Also called Gong Chun. A famous potter in Yixing in Ming Dynasty. In spring, learn from monks to make teapots and promote them. Yixing's teapot has developed from rough handicrafts to arts and crafts creation, which should be attributed to the provision of spring.

④ Bracket: a flowerpot with a big mouth and a slightly pointed lower part.

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Orchids produced in Fujian are the best, with sword-like leaves and flowers higher than leaves. The so-called "Qiu Lan is green with green leaves and purple stems" in Lisao is this kind of orchid. Secondly, the orchids in Ganzhou are also good. These orchids are indispensable in mountain villages, but only one pot can be planted everywhere, just like the flower market in Tiger Hill. Pots and pans should be the largest models produced by Longquan, Zhou Jun, Neifu and Gongchun to avoid vulgar products such as flowerpots and bracket pots.

original text

Four seasons cultivation. In spring, the leaf buds have sprouted, and the soil in the basin is already fat, so it is no longer possible to fertilize and water. Always wipe the leaves with a broom to prevent them from getting dirty. The leaves are tender in summer, so don't shake them by hand, and then wipe them when they grow up. In autumn, slightly open the root soil and pour a little rice swill under the root so as not to stain the leaves. In winter, you will sit in a sunny and warm room. When there is no wind on a sunny day, you will always turn over the basin to make it even all around, and you will earn money in the afternoon to prevent frost and snow from invading. If the leaves are black and there are no flowers, there will be more yin.

To annotate ...

1 out: execution.

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The method of cultivating the four seasons. After germination in spring, the soil in the basin is fertile and cannot be fertilized again. Leaves are often swept with a broom to keep them clean. The leaves that bloom in summer are delicate, so you can't rub them by hand until they grow luxuriantly. In autumn, loosen the soil at the root, pour a little rice washing water under the root, and don't spill it on the leaves. In winter, it is put in a sunny greenhouse. When there is no wind on a sunny day, move it out and turn the flowerpot from time to time to let it receive sunlight evenly on all sides. Move back to the house in the afternoon to prevent frost and snow from invading. If the leaves are black and don't bloom, it's because there is too little light.

original text

To cure ant lice, just use a big basin or vat to hold water and soak the flowerpot, and the ants will disappear. Also treat leaf spot as white spot, use a pot of water, put a little sesame oil in it, and wipe it with cotton dipped in water. This art is both simple and convenient. There is also a person who goes out of Hangzhou, called "Lanhang"; From Yangxian Mountain, it was named "Xinglan"; Those who count flowers are called "Hui". This can be transplanted under a rock, and it needs to be native, so it will bloom every year. Both pearls and orchids are different. Lan Ruo, its leaves are like Lan Ruo, like odorless orchids, and there are exotic flowers and herbs. Jin Shulan's name is "Sailan", which is very fragrant.

To annotate ...

1 envy: Yixing county, Jiangsu province today.

2 Hui: Cymbidium. Perennial herbs. The leaves are clustered, long and narrow, sharp, blooming in early summer, yellow-green, fragrant, and planted in the garden for viewing.

3 Ruolan: Also known as "Bletilla striata". If the leaves are purple, the flowers are blue without fragrance. It blooms in April and is distributed in hidden valleys of the island, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangzhou and other provinces. Ruo, bamboo shell.

④ Chlorella: evergreen shrub. Leaves opposite, oval, with obtuse serrations on the edge. Flowers in early summer are spike-shaped, conical, small, yellow-green, and very fragrant. It is cultivated in Guangdong, Fujian and other places in China. Used for viewing and tasting tea. Also known as pearl orchid, pearl orchid.

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To control ants and lice, you can only put water in a big pot or jar, soak the flowerpot, and then the ants will run away by themselves. To control leaf lice like white spots, carry a basin of water, drop a little sesame oil into it and wipe it with cotton dipped in water, and the leaf lice will run away by themselves. These are simple ways to grow orchids. There is one produced in Hangzhou, called "Lanhang"; From Yangxian Mountain, named "Xinglan"; A plant with several flowers is called Hui. These can be transplanted under rocks, and they must be in their original form, so they will bloom every year. Pearls and orchids are not imported. Lan Ruo, whose leaves are like bamboo shoots and look like orchids, is a peculiar flower without fragrance. Jin Sulan was named "Sailan", which was very fragrant.

Roll two flowers and trees, bottle flowers

Notes on the title or background of a book.

Wen Zhenheng's introduction to vase flowers is relatively simple, and he often quotes Zhang Qiande's Orchard Flower Spectrum, which came out earlier. He suggested that the vases of flowers should be tall and big, and he also said all kinds of taboos. These taboos are also mentioned in Gao Lian's "Eight Notes on Respect for Life" in the Ming Dynasty: "If tied into a bundle, it is extremely unsightly." "Don't have rings in the bottle, and don't put them in pairs." Yuan Hongdao's History of Bottles in Ming Dynasty takes flowers as beauty and takes good care of them. He thinks that flowers are "dawn", "dusk", "happiness", "sadness" and "waking from a dream". To understand the life rhythm of flowers, we should be as happy and sad as flowers, and even compare vases with Yuhuan and Yan Fei. It can be seen that the appreciation of vase flowers in the late Ming Dynasty also had the same interest. They not only found happiness in the vase of flowers, but also found the meaning of life and experienced the real moment of life, so they are willing to be served by flowers and have such a deep heart.

original text

The confession in the hall must be high and complete. Avoid complicated things, flowers are thinner than bottles, incense, cigarettes, lamps and coal are smoked, oil is handled by hand, and bottles are stored in well water, which is salty and not suitable for flowers. It is forbidden to use water for flower arrangement, plum blossom and begonia, which are particularly toxic. If you put sulfur in a bottle in winter, it won't freeze.

translate

The vase flowers in the hall must be tall and big to make people happy. Taboo complicated bondage, taboo flowers thinner than the bottle, taboo incense, cigarette lighting, taboo touching with greasy hands, taboo bottle is filled with well water, because the water is salty and not suitable for flower arrangement, taboo put the water in the vase into your mouth by mistake, plum blossom and begonia are particularly toxic. Add sulfur to the vase in winter so that the water won't freeze.