Classical Chinese stories of ancient craftsmen

1. What are the great stories of famous craftsmen in ancient China?

Lu Ban (the originator of Chinese architecture, the originator of carpenters)

Lu Ban (507 BC - BC 444), a native of the Lu state during the Spring and Autumn Period. His surname was Ji, his surname was Gongshu, his name was Ban, he was known as Gongshu Pan, Gongshu Ban, and Banshu. He was also known as Gongshu Zi, also known as Lu Pan or Lu Ban, and he was commonly known as "Lu Ban". Luban's name has actually become a symbol of the wisdom of the ancient working people.

Ou Yezi, swordsmith

Ou Yezi (around 514 BC), a native of Yue from the late Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States Period, was the originator of sword making in ancient China and the founder of Longquan Sword. One theory is that they are the Min craftsmen who lived in the Oujiang River Basin in ancient times. Fuzhou was called Yecheng in ancient times. Yeshan and Ouye Pond in the north of the city were the places where Ou Yezi made swords. In addition, there are remains of Ou Yezi's sword-making in Zhanlu Mountain in northern Fujian and Qixingjing in Longquan, Zhejiang.

When Ou Yezi was born, there was a dispute among the countries in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. First, Wu State conquered Chu State, and then Wu Yue successively annexed 45 countries south of the Yangtze River. As a boy, he learned metallurgical technology from his maternal uncle and began to forge bronze swords, iron hoes, iron axes and other production tools. He is willing to use his brain and has extraordinary wisdom; he is physically strong and can work hard. He discovered the difference in properties between copper and iron and smelted the first iron sword "Long Yuan" (later renamed Longquan Sword), creating the first cold weapon in China.

Ding Huan was a famous craftsman and inventor in the Western Han Dynasty. There were many inventions, one of the important ones was the invention of the "quilt incense burner", which is similar to today's air conditioner.

Wei Boyang was born in Shangyu, Kuaiji (now Shangyu County, Zhejiang Province). The alchemist (alchemy, that is, smelting) who lived in the Eastern Han Dynasty 1,800 years ago was revered by later generations as the "King of the Eternal Alchemy Sutra". After many years of practical experience, he wrote "Zhouyi Cantongqi". This immortal work is the first smelting work existing in the world.

Dai Kui was a famous stone sculptor in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was a humble man with superb skills. It is said that he carved the Longmen Buddha statue in Luoyang for him.

Pei Xiu was born in Wenxi, Hedong (now Wenxi County, Shanxi Province) during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and was an outstanding cartographer in China. He presided over the completion of China's earliest historical atlases, "Yugong Area Map" and "Topographic Abbot Map". The "Six Cartography Systems" created in practice became the world's earliest cartography theory.

Qi Wuhuaiwen (date of birth and death unknown) was a famous metallurgist in China during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. He created a new steel-making method, which later generations called the "steel-filling method" or the "group steel method." This is an outstanding achievement and creation in the history of my country's metallurgy and occupies a certain position in the history of world steelmaking.

Liu Zhuo, a native of Changting, Xindu (now Jixian County, Hebei Province), was a scientist in the Sui Dynasty. Liu Zhuo wrote all his life's research results into the almanac "Huangji Li". His greatest achievement was to propose the equal-spaced quadratic interpolation formula, which was the first time in the world. 2. The story of a skilled craftsman in ancient times in 50 words

The name of a skilled craftsman in ancient Chinese history is Luban.

Lu Ban (507 BC - 444 BC), whose surname was Ji, was Gongshu's surname, and was named Ban. He was known as Gongshu Pan, Gongshu Ban, Banshu, and was honored as Gongshu Zi. Also known as Lu Pan or Lu Ban, commonly known as "Lu Ban". A native of Lu, now from Tengzhou, Shandong. He was born in the 13th year of King Zhou Jing (507 BC) and died in the 25th year of King Zhending (444 BC). He was an outstanding inventor in ancient my country. For more than two thousand years, his name and Stories about him have been circulating among the masses. The civil craftsmen of our country all respect him as their ancestor. Many ancient books such as "Shi Cyan Pearl", "Wu Yuan" and "Ancient History" record that many tools and instruments used by carpenters were created by him, such as the curved ruler (also called the moment or Luban ruler), and the ink fountain, Planes, drills, saws and other tools are also said to have been invented by Lu Ban. The invention of these woodworking tools freed the craftsmen at that time from primitive and heavy labor, doubled their labor efficiency, and gave civil engineering a new look. Later, in order to commemorate this famous master, people respected him as the ancestor of Chinese civil craftsmen. 3. Ancient classical Chinese fables

Bian Que (què) was a famous doctor in ancient times.

One day, he went to see Cai Huanhou. After carefully examining Cai Huanhou's complexion, he said: "Your Majesty, you are sick.

The disease is only on the surface of the skin. Treat it quickly and it will be easy to cure." Cai Huanhou said disapprovingly: "I am not sick. You don't need to treat me!" After Bian Que left, Cai Huanhou said to his surroundings: "These doctors want to treat people who are not sick all day long, so they can use this method to prove their medical skills."

< p> Ten days later, Bian Que went to visit Cai Huanhou again. He said anxiously: "Your disease has developed into the muscles.

You must hurry up and treat it!" Cai Huanhou tilted his head: "I am not sick at all! Let's go!" Bian Que After leaving, Cai Huanhou was very unhappy. Ten days later, Bian Que went to visit Cai Huanhou again.

He looked at Cai Huanhou's complexion and said anxiously: "Your Majesty, your illness has entered the intestines and stomach, we can't delay it any longer!" Cai Huanhou shook his head repeatedly: "Damn it, where did I get this disease? "After Bian Que left, Marquis Cai Huan became even more unhappy. Ten days later, Bian Que visited Cai Huanhou again.

He only glanced at it, turned around and left. Marquis Huan of Cai was very puzzled, so he sent someone to ask Bian Que: "Why did you turn around and leave when you went to visit the king?" Bian Que said: "Don't be afraid if you are sick. As long as you are treated in time, ordinary diseases will gradually get better. < /p>

If the disease is in the skin, you can use hot compresses; if the disease is in the muscles, you can use acupuncture; if the disease is in the stomach, you can take decoction.

However, now that the king’s disease has penetrated deep into his bones, he can only resign himself to his fate, so I don’t dare to ask for treatment anymore.”

Sure enough, five days later. Later, Cai Huanhou's illness suddenly broke out. He sent people to invite Bian Que quickly, but Bian Que had already gone to another country.

Within a few days, Cai Huanhou died of illness. [Tip] If you are sick, you must follow the doctor's instructions and treat your illness honestly.

Even if you have shortcomings and mistakes, you must listen to everyone’s criticism and make corrections conscientiously. Otherwise, if you make one mistake after another, your condition will become more and more serious, your mistakes will become more and more serious, and it will develop to the point where it is irreversible.

[Original text] Bian Que saw Duke Huan of Cai ① and stood there ② . Bian Que said: "You have a disease in your body ③ . If you don't treat it, you will be afraid of it." Huan Hou said: "I don't have a disease ④ ."

Bian Que came out. Marquis Huan said: "The doctor is good at curing the disease and treating it as a result."

After staying for ten days, Bian Que saw him again and said, "Your disease is in the skin. If it is not cured, it will get worse." Huan Hou should not.

Bian Que came out. Marquis Huan was displeased again.

After staying for ten days, Bian Que saw him again and said, "Your illness is in the intestines and stomach. If it is not treated, it will get worse." Hou Huan did not respond.

Bian Que came out. Marquis Huan was displeased again.

After staying for ten days, Bian Que looked at Huan Hou and then left. Marquis Huan asked people to ask about it.

Bian Que said: "The disease lies in the interstitial region, where soup and iron can reach 9; on the skin, where needles and stones can reach; in the intestines and stomach, where fire can reach (11); Marrow, where the command belongs (12), there is nothing to do! Now it is Marrow, so I have no request (13). "After staying for five days, Duke Huan suffered from body pain, and he asked Bian Que (14) to flee Qin.

Hou Huan died (15). ——"Han Feizi" [Note] ① Bian Que - a famous medical scientist during the Warring States Period.

②There is a moment - a while. ③Disease - In ancient times, disease referred to minor illnesses, and disease referred to more serious illnesses.

腠(còu) 理——originally refers to the texture of human skin. This refers to skin.

④ The self-proclaimed title of the ancient king. ⑤Good (hào)——I like it.

⑥Ju-means that a period of time has passed. ⑦Benefit - more.

⑧ Still leaving - turn around and leave. ⑨Soup ironing (yùn) - apply hot water to the skin.

And - reach. ⑩Acupuncture needles - needles used for acupuncture.

Stone needles were used to treat diseases in ancient times. (11) Huo Qi - decoction cooked in fire.

(12) The place where Si Ming belongs - is in the hands of the God of Death. Si Ming, the god who controls people's life and death.

(13) I have no request - so I will no longer request (to treat him). (14) Sou - seek.

(15) Sui——just. Monkeys were carved on the tips of thorns. King Yan posted notices everywhere, seeking skilled craftsmen with special skills.

A man from the Kingdom of Wei came to apply, claiming that he could carve vivid monkeys on the thorns of thorns. King Yan was very happy when he heard that he had such outstanding skills, and immediately gave him extremely generous treatment and supported him.

After a few days, King Yan wanted to see the artistic treasures carved by this skillful craftsman. The Weiguo man said: "If the monarch wants to see it, he must comply with my two conditions: first, he will not enter the harem to have fun with his concubines within half a year; second, he will not drink alcohol or eat meat.

Then choose On a rainy sunrise day, in the half-dark light, you can see the monkey I carved on the tip of the thorn." When King Yan heard these conditions, he couldn't comply and could only continue to use the rich clothes and jade food. This Weiguo man was supported in the inner palace, but he never had the opportunity to appreciate the treasures he carved.

A blacksmith in the palace heard this and couldn't help laughing secretly. He said to King Yan: "I specialize in making knives.

Everyone knows that even the smallest carvings can be carved with a carving knife, so the carved things must be larger than The blade of the carving knife is large. If the point of the thorn is too thin to accommodate the smallest blade, it will not be able to carve on it.

Ask the king to examine the carving knife of the craftsman, and you will know what he said. What you said is true or false." When the king heard this, he woke up from his dream and immediately found the Weiguo man and asked, "What tool did you use to carve the monkey on the thorn tip?" The Weiguo man replied: "The carving knife."

The King of Yan said: "Please show me your carving knife." The people of Wei panicked when they heard this. He ran away from the palace gate.

[Tip] Bullshit and lies, no matter how cleverly crafted, cannot withstand serious inspection and careful analysis. According to this fable, people often call lies "the story of the thorn."

It should be noted that the bragging of the Wei people in the story should be distinguished from today’s miniature sculpture art.

With the development of the times and the advancement of technology, people can carve on hair with extremely fine knives, magnifying glasses, and microscopes.

But one or two thousand years ago, people's skills could not reach such a high level. The analysis and judgment of the blacksmith in the story was based on the level at that time.

[Original text] The King of Yan recruited skillful people ①, and the people of Wei said: "The end of the thorn can be used as a female monkey." The King of Yan said this ② and raised it with the five-vehicle sacrifice ③.

The king said: "I want to observe that the guest is the female monkey of Thorns." The guest said: "If you want to observe it 4, you must not enter the official position for half a year 5, do not drink alcohol and eat meat, rain and fog, the sun rises 6, Look between Yan Yin⑦, and the mother monkey of thorns can be seen. " 4. The story of three craftsmen

In real life, when we do everything, do we have a mission? The effect is completely different.

The following stories of the three craftsmen can easily illustrate this truth. Three craftsmen were building a house together.

Pedestrians passed by and asked each of them what they were doing. The first craftsman said with a blank look on his face: "Didn't you see that I'm busy? The foreman arranged for me to lay bricks."

"The second craftsman said excitedly: "I'm building a building. It's a big house. Once it's built, many people can live there. "The third craftsman said very proudly: "I want to make this city more beautiful." Strive to make everyone in the city praise our city as the most beautiful. This is what I must do in my life! "Ten years from now.

The first craftsman was still an ordinary craftsman, working hard on laying bricks.

The second craftsman became an engineer and directed everyone to build the house on the construction site. The third craftsman became the city's designer. Under his plan, the city became more and more beautiful.

In this story, the first craftsman is very busy every day. He regards his daily busyness as a habit. He just listens to other people's arrangements and forgets about it. He never thinks about establishing his own If you don't have a mission, you won't find the meaning behind your work, so you have no motivation to work and just muddle along. Time passed day by day and year by year, and he was always an ordinary craftsman.

Although the third craftsman is also building a house, in his mind, he has a mission to add beauty to the city. You can imagine that because there is a mission, this craftsman has a clear goal and continues to work hard for it.

Year after year, he won a wonderful life for himself in the process of fulfilling his mission. 5. I want to find 10 ancient classical Chinese stories

There is a classical Chinese website here, take a look for yourself!

/puton/index

Example:

Shang Zhongyong

Fang Zhongyong, a citizen of Jinxi, was a farmer for generations. In the fifth year of Zhong Yongsheng's reign, he had never seen any books and utensils, so he suddenly cried out for them. The father was different, so he borrowed something close to him and wrote four lines of a poem, giving him his own name. His poems are about raising parents and bringing in the family, and they are passed on to the scholars in the township. Naturally, it refers to those who write poems about things and their literary and scientific aspects are impressive. The people of the town were curious about him, and they invited his father to visit him, or begged him with coins. My father benefited from this, and Zhongyong paid homage to the people of the city, and did not let him learn.

I have heard about it for a long time. In the Ming Dynasty, when the ancestors returned home and saw them at the uncle's house, they were twelve or three years old. The poems written cannot be compared to those heard in the past. Seven years later, he returned from Yangzhou to his uncle's house and asked him, "Everyone has disappeared."

The prince said: "Zhongyong's understanding and acceptance are in the heaven. His acceptance is in the heaven." Also, being a virtuous man is far away from his talents; if he is killed by others, he will not be accepted by others. Heaven will accept it, so if he is virtuous, he will not be accepted by everyone. , Consolidate the crowd; and do not accept the people, but do it for the crowd?"

Translation:

Fang Zhongyong, a commoner in Jinxi, has been farming for generations. When Zhongyong was five years old, he had never seen any writing tools, and suddenly he cried for these things. His father was surprised by this and borrowed it from a neighbor. He immediately wrote four lines of poetry and wrote his name on it. This poem, with the content of supporting parents and uniting people of the same clan, was sent to the entire township for viewing. From then on, when someone asked him to write poems about certain things, he could finish them immediately. The poems' literary grace and truth are both worthy of appreciation. People in the same county came as a surprise to him, and gradually invited his father to visit him. Some people used money and gifts to ask Zhongyong to write poems. His father thought it would be profitable, so he took Fang Zhongyong around to visit people in the same county every day and refused to let him study.

I've been hearing about this for a long time. During the Ming Dynasty, I followed my late father back to his hometown and met Fang Zhongyong at his uncle's house. He was already twelve or thirteen years old. Asking him to write poetry is no longer worthy of what he heard before. Another seven years later, I came back from Yangzhou and went to my uncle's house again. I asked about Fang Zhongyong's situation. My uncle said: "Only then can he disappear completely and become like ordinary people."

The husband said: Zhongyong's The ability to understand and comprehend is innate. His talent is much higher than that of ordinary talented people. He eventually became an ordinary person because he did not receive the education he acquired.

Like him, who is naturally smart and talented, but does not receive acquired education, he still wants to become an ordinary person; then, now those people who are not born smart and are ordinary, but do not receive acquired education, want to become ordinary people I'm afraid it's not even possible, right? 6. Ask for ancient Chinese classical Chinese stories.

Holding a pole and entering the city

Someone from Lu held a long pole to enter the city gate. If he held it vertically, he would not be able to enter. If he held it horizontally, he would not be able to enter. , The plan has nothing to do. An old man came and said: "I am not a saint, but I have seen many things, why not cut them in with a saw?" So he cut them off.

[Problem-solving process]

There was a man in the state of Lu who entered the city gate with a long pole. At first, he held it upright and could not enter the city gate. When he held it sideways, he could not enter the city gate. I really can’t think of anything. Here comes the solution. After a while, an old man came here and said: "I am not a sage, but I have seen a lot of things. Why don't I cut the long pole with a saw and enter the city gate?" The man from Lu followed the old man's method. The long pole was cut off. 7. Short stories of ancient inventors

Before the middle of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, civil craftsmen had been engaged in primitive and arduous labor.

It wasn't until a great inventor used his wisdom to create many dexterous tools that they were freed from the boring labor. He was Lu Ban. Lu Ban was one of the outstanding civil construction craftsmen in ancient my country and an outstanding inventor with many creations according to legend.

For more than two thousand years, he has been revered as the "ancestor" by civil craftsmen and is respected and commemorated by people. Lu Ban's name is Lu Ban, whose surname is Gongshu and given name Ban. He is from the state of Lu. Since "Ban" and "Ban" have the same pronunciation, they were commonly used in ancient times, so people often call him Lu Ban.

Lu Ban was born approximately in the 13th year of King Zhou Jing (507 BC) and died in the 25th year of King Zhou Zhending (444 BC). It was a period of high social and economic development of slavery in our country, and it was also a historical period of transition from slavery to feudalism.

At that time, urban construction and water conservancy work had reached considerable scale, and ironware had been gradually extended to various social production fields, greatly promoting the development of social production. The development of social production provided the material basis for the disintegration of slavery and the formation of feudalism.

The rule of the slave-owning aristocracy was declining day by day, and slave uprisings and riots occurred one after another. The government handicraft industry controlled by slave owners was broken, many handicraft slaves were liberated, and independent individual handicraftsmen emerged.

It is said that Lu Ban was a slave craftsman who was liberated during this period, and thus had the freedom to travel around and work everywhere. The Invention of the Saw You may still remember the article in the primary school textbook about Lu Ban’s invention of the saw.

Legend has it that one year Luban accepted a very big task - building a large palace. This required a lot of wood, but the project had a tight deadline.

Lu Ban’s apprentices went up the mountain to cut wood every day, but there were no saws at that time, so they had to use axes. The efficiency was really low, and the apprentices were exhausted every day, but the wood was still far from enough. Delayed the progress of the project. In that era, those who failed to complete the slave master's tasks would be severely punished. Lu Ban was very anxious, so he went up to the mountain to inspect it himself.

While going up the mountain, he accidentally pulled a handful of a kind of weed that grew on the mountain, and his hand was scratched. Lu Ban was very surprised. Why is a small piece of grass so sharp? He broke off the grass and observed carefully, he found that there were many small teeth on both sides of the grass, and his hand was scratched by these teeth.

Since the teeth of grass can cut my hand, then an iron bar with many small teeth should be able to cut through a big tree. So, with his ideas and the help of metal craftsmen, Luban made the world's first saw - an iron bar with many small teeth.

He used this simple saw to cut trees, and it was fast and labor-saving. This is how the saw was invented. Regardless of whether this story is true or false, we can get this inspiration from this story: practice brings true knowledge, and study brings wisdom.

Everyone's success has internal and external influences. The continuous improvement of Luban's craftsmanship is inseparable from his own efforts and the help of his family.

Lu Ban was born in a family of generations of craftsmen. He has participated in many civil construction projects with his family since he was a child, gradually mastering the skills of productive labor and accumulating rich practical experience. "Class Mother" and "Class Wife" Did you know: The small hook used to stretch the ink line is also called the "Class Mother", and the bayonet that holds the wood when planing is also called the "Class Wife". Why is this? It turned out that Lu Ban's mother and wife were also engaged in productive labor and were of great help to Lu Ban.

It is said that the origin of "Ban Mu" is this: when Lu Ban was doing carpentry work and used the ink fountain to unwind the thread, it was his mother who held the end of the ink thread. Later, after many experiments, the mother and son tied a small hook on the head of the ink thread. When unwinding the thread, they could use the small hook to hook one end of the wood instead of pulling the thread by hand, and only one person could operate it.

From then on, Danmoxian no longer had to ask his mother for help. Later carpenters named this small hook "Ban Mu" to commemorate this creation.

The legend of the origin of "Ban's Wife" is because Lu Ban originally planed wood with his wife holding the wood, and later switched to a bayonet.

Telling an episode, according to the description in "Jade Chips": Lu Ban spent many months outside building houses for people, exposed to rain and sun, and was very hard.

His wife Yun Shi used her brains to make an umbrella for Lu Ban to take with him when he went out to work to protect him from the sun and rain. To this day, umbrellas are still an indispensable tool in people's daily lives.

It can be seen that Luban’s family still has a great influence on Luban. Luban's other inventions Luban made many inventions and creations in his life.

It is recorded in many ancient books such as "Shi Cyan Pearl", "Wu Yuan", and "Ancient History". Many tools and equipment used by carpenters were invented by him.

The curved ruler (also called the moment) used by carpenters was created by Lu Ban, so it is also called Luban ruler. Ink fountains, planes, drills, chisels, shovels and other tools are also said to have been invented by Lu Ban.

According to records in the "Shiben", the stone mill was also invented by Lu Ban. Mill, originally called Shiqi (wei), was only called mill in the Han Dynasty. It is a machine for processing rice, wheat, beans, etc. into noodles.

Since humans entered agricultural society, removing grain husks and breaking beans and wheat have become people’s daily tedious work. The early method used was to crush or grind the grains with stones. Later, people put the grains in a stone mortar and pounded them with a pestle.

Although this is a major improvement in ancient grain processing tools, it is still relatively time-consuming and labor-intensive. Then, people discovered that grinding was more effective and less labor-intensive than pounding.

Legend has it that Lu Ban, inspired by the wisdom of the working people, used two relatively hard round stones to cut dense shallow grooves into each, put them together, used human or animal power to turn them, and then ground the rice flour. Became powder. This is the mill that has been widely used throughout our country for more than two thousand years.

The invention of the mill changed the up and down motion of the pestle and mortar into a rotational motion, turning the intermittent work of the pestle and mortar into continuous work, which greatly reduced labor intensity and improved production efficiency. It was a great progress. The actual situation of how Lu Ban invented the grinding mill has not been investigated, but archaeological excavations show that during the Yangshao Culture period around 6,000 to 6,500 years ago, there were already stone rolling rods and stone grinding discs.

Pestle and mortar already existed during the Longshan Culture period (about 4,000 years ago). Therefore, it was possible to invent the mill in Lu Ban's time.

Lu Ban was not only the "ancestor" of civil craftsmen, but also a very clever mechanical inventor. The locks he made left no trace on the outside and were machine-made.