Who knows what the climate is like in Shandong Province? What's the temperature in Leng Yue and the hottest month?

Shandong province has a warm temperate monsoon climate. Precipitation is concentrated, rain and heat are in the same season, spring and autumn are short, winter and summer are long. The annual average temperature is11-14 C, increasing from the northeast coast to the southwest inland. Eastern Shandong (Jiaodong Peninsula) and the Yellow River Delta are mostly below 12℃, while southwestern Shandong and northern Shandong are mostly above 13℃. In winter, it is generally the lowest in June 5438+ 10, with an average temperature of-1-4℃ and an extreme minimum temperature of-/. The average annual precipitation in the province is generally between 550-950 mm, decreasing from southeast to northwest, with the largest precipitation in southeastern Shandong and southern Shandong, generally above 800-900 mm; The precipitation in northwest Shandong and the Yellow River Delta is the least, generally below 600 mm, and in other areas it is generally 600 ~ 800 mm.

Winter (12 ~ February)

In winter, the sky over China is basically controlled by westerly airflow. Along the south side of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, across the eastern coast of China to Japan, it is a stable southern branch of westerly jet, and it is a northern branch of westerly jet over northern Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and North China. This jet is related to the polar front. The main weather system affecting Shandong in winter is cold front, which is the interface between polar continental air mass and denatured polar continental air mass. After the strong cold front crosses the border, northerly winds often appear and cause strong cooling. There will be rain and snow when the warm and humid air current is strong in the south, and sometimes it will rain. When a deep trough moves out of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the southwest airflow is strong, the southern cyclone will also affect Shandong northward, resulting in windy, rainy and snowy weather. In winter, the strong, dry and cold Mongolian high pressure controls our country and dominates the activity of cold air. Shandong is located in the southeast of Mongolia cold high, with northerly winds prevailing.

Spring (March to May)

Spring is the transitional season of atmospheric circulation from winter to summer, and the situation of low-level circulation shows that the main atmospheric activity centers coexist in winter and summer. Because China is a continental monsoon circulation and continental thermal factors play a leading role, the seasonal transformation of atmospheric circulation starts from the lower level. The circulation above 500hPa in spring is still basically winter, and the position of the westerly wind in the south branch has little change, while the westerly wind in the north branch recedes slightly to the north. In summer, the circulation situation began to appear below 850hPa in the lower layer. After the spring, with the increase of solar radiation, the temperature of the ground and air rises, and the intensity of Mongolian high pressure weakens and contracts to the west; Mongolian cyclones frequently occur and develop strongly, forming a pressure field high in the south and low in the north, so spring is the season with the most southerly winds in Shandong. At the same time, the southern cyclone is active, and its path is northward compared with winter. After going out to sea, cyclones often develop, which leads to windy weather in Shandong. Although the influence of cold air is weakened in spring, it still appears frequently. If there is strong cold air going south, it will cause strong cooling and late frost, and it will also cause strong convective weather such as hail. At this time, the western Pacific subtropical high (hereinafter referred to as "subtropical high") and the continental thermal low pressure gradually strengthened, and the warm and humid airflow in the southwest was more active than that in winter, and the precipitation increased significantly. The precipitation in each season is mostly between 70 ~ 140 mm, decreasing from south to north. Southeastern Shandong 120 ~ 140mm, and most of northern Shandong is below 80mm. Due to the rapid recovery in spring, strong wind and strong evaporation, spring drought occurs from time to time. In spring, the temperature in inland areas rises rapidly, but the coastal areas are affected by the ocean, and the temperature rise is slower than that in inland areas, so the isotherm changes from the zonal distribution in winter to the meridional distribution, and gradually increases from east to west, and the seasonal average temperature is between 8.0℃~ 15.2℃.

Summer (June-August) is mainly controlled by the western Pacific subtropical high and continental thermal low, and is often influenced by tropical marine air masses. Under the control of a single tropical ocean air mass, the weather is often sunny, hot and humid. At this time, cold air from high latitudes often goes south, forming a cold front between the denatured polar air mass and the tropical ocean air mass. Although the number and intensity of cold fronts affecting Shandong are far less than those in spring, due to the strong warm and humid airflow in the south, it often causes a lot of precipitation, sometimes reaching the intensity of heavy rain, and even strong convective weather such as hail. In June and July, southern cyclones often affect Shandong, causing large-scale precipitation and heavy rain. Typhoon activity on the south side of subtropical high is frequent in midsummer, which brings strong winds and precipitation.

After winter, with the warming of the mainland, especially the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the temperature gradient on the south side of the plateau weakens. By the end of May or early June, the southern branch of the plateau disappeared, the Qinghai-Tibet high was established, the southwest monsoon broke out, and the main rain belt in Chinese mainland moved northward. From mid-June to early July, after the first northward jump of the western Pacific subtropical high, the ridge line was between 20 and 25 N, and plum blossoms began to appear in the Jianghuai Basin. In the late Meiyu period (from late June to early July), Shandong entered the rainy season. In mid-July, the subtropical high jumped northward for the second time, and the ridge line reached about 30 N, and the rainy season in North China began. In late August, the subtropical high began to withdraw southward, and the rain belt also began to withdraw southward. At the end of August or early September, the rainy season in Shandong ended. In summer, affected by continental thermal depression and western Pacific subtropical high, the weather is hot, humid and rainy. The seasonal average temperature is 20.9℃ ~ 26.7℃, and the isotherm is distributed along the meridian, decreasing from southwest to northeast. Summer is the season with the most concentrated precipitation in the whole year, and the seasonal precipitation decreases from southeast to northwest.

Autumn (September ~165438+1October)

Autumn is the transition season of atmospheric circulation from summer to winter. After the establishment of Mongolian high in September, Shandong was basically under the influence of polar continental air masses. On June+10, 5438, the Mongolian high pressure was strengthened again, and the ground was already a stable winter circulation situation. In early September, the ridge line of 500 hPa subtropical high has been withdrawn to the south of 25 N, and the rain belt has also been withdrawn to the south, and the precipitation in Shandong has obviously decreased. In autumn, the Qinghai-Tibet high in the upper troposphere disappeared, the westerlies moved southward, and westerly jet, the southern branch of the plateau, was re-established. In the month of 10, the upper air is basically the circulation situation in winter. In autumn, with the establishment and strengthening of the Mongolian high, Shandong is once again controlled by the polar continental air mass, the temperature drops obviously, the precipitation drops sharply, and the weather is refreshing in many autumn. The seasonal average temperature is mostly between 12.8℃ and 15.0℃, the isotherm tends to be banded, and the precipitation decreases from southeast to northwest.