Excuse me, where is puning?

Puning is in the east of Guangdong, close to Shantou, and belongs to Chaoshan area. Most of them speak Chaoshan dialect, and some speak Hakka dialect.

The following is found on the Internet.

I. City-Puning City

City Name: Puning Pinyin: Puning City

Latitude and longitude: located between 23 degrees and 5 minutes north latitude, 23 degrees and 3 1 minute north latitude, 0/15 degrees and 43 minutes east longitude, 0/16 degrees and 2 1 minute east longitude.

Postal code: 5 15300 code: 44528 1 area code: 0663.

Dialect: Chaozhou dialect is the main dialect, and Hakka dialect is spoken in several towns near Nanyang mountain area.

Location of Municipal Government: The Municipal People's Government is located in North Street, Liusha Town, Puning City.

Puning City is a county-level city under the jurisdiction of Jieyang City, Guangdong Province, and it is the most populous county-level city in China.

[Edit this paragraph] Basic overview

Puning City is located in the western edge of Chaoshan Plain in the southeast of Guangdong Province, in the southwest of Jieyang City, bordering on Chaonan District and Chaoyang District of Shantou City in the east, Huilai County in the south, Lufeng and Luhe counties (cities) in Shanwei City in the southwest, Jiexi County in the northwest and Rongcheng District in the northeast, and is located at east longitude115 43'/kloc- The north latitude is 23 05 ′ 40 ″-23 31′ 48 ″, the longest distance of the city boundary is 50km from east to west, 38km from north to south, and the perimeter of the city boundary is about 206km. The total area of the city is 1620km2, 2.43 million mu, including 384,000 mu of cultivated land. The total population is 2092206 (end of 2003).

Puning is a "base city of textile industry in China", with textile and clothing as the leading industry and medicine as another pillar industry. In 2007, the gross national product of Puning was1765438+95 million yuan.

[Edit this paragraph] Physical geography

There are three major rivers in Puning, namely Rongjiang, Lianjiang and Longjiang. The terrain inclines from west to east, with low hills and valleys and plains alternating and unevenly distributed. The southern part is Da Nanshan, the southwestern part is Emei Mountain and Nanyang Mountain, the northeastern part is the low hills of Tieshan and Hongshan, and the central part is a vast plain with terraces between them. The mountain in the city is a branch of Lianhua Mountain extending to the southeast. The city belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate zone, with abundant sunshine, high temperature, long summer and warm winter and early spring. The annual sunshine hours are about 2000 hours, with an average of about 6 hours a day. There is plenty of sunshine and high temperature, with an annual average temperature of 265,438+0℃-22℃. Summer lasts more than half a year. Generally, autumn will not be seen until mid-June at 65438+ 10. Due to the influence of maritime climate, the temperature in summer is high and there is no heat. In July with the highest temperature, the average daily temperature is about 28℃, and the maximum daily temperature is ≥35℃, which is less than 3 days per year. Winter is short, generally from February 12 to the following year 10/0. During this period, this area was controlled by cold air, with little precipitation and relatively low temperature, but it was rarely cold. In the coldest month of 65438+ 10, the daily average temperature is still higher than 13℃, which is higher than the meteorological standard of winter daily average temperature ≤ 10℃. In February, the rainy season began, the temperature rose and plants sprouted. Although there is still the threat of cold current, it is already an early spring scene full of vitality and sadness. From 1959 to 2004, the average annual precipitation was 21010.5mm, the highest annual precipitation was 3165mm in 1973, and the lowest was1233 in 2004.

[Edit this paragraph] Economic overview

Textile base

Puning has become a well-known brand in China textile and garment industry. Since the reform and opening up, Puning has developed the textile and garment industry by taking advantage of its hometown of overseas Chinese and market advantages, especially in recent years, shirt production has developed on a large scale. At present, there are more than 2,000 textile and garment enterprises in the city, with more than 65,438+employees and an annual output value of 10 billion yuan. It has formed a systematic industrial cluster integrating staple fiber, spinning, weaving, printing and dyeing, finishing, accessories, clothing, design, production, sales and export, showing enterprise agglomeration, category agglomeration and talent agglomeration. The huge market potential has laid a good foundation for the "convention and exhibition industry". Through institutional innovation and technological transformation, Puning textile and garment cluster has developed rapidly, showing the characteristics of extending at both ends of the industrial chain, vertically expanding the gathering place and comprehensively developing the raw products. The clothing series represented by shirts, T-shirts, underwear, woolen fabrics and pajamas are in the forefront of domestic counterparts, and Puning has "China Textile Industry Base City", "Shirt First City" and "etc.

Chinese herbal medicine base

Puning has a long history of planting Chinese herbal medicines. As early as the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Puning people had the habit of planting Chinese herbal medicines, especially in Pu Chuan, Houxi, Meilin and other towns in the Nanyang mountainous area, and Chinese herbal medicines were planted on a large scale very early. According to statistics, Puning is rich in more than 400 kinds of medicinal materials, including dried tangerine peel, dark plum, Rhizoma Drynariae, yam, gardenia, Alisma orientale, bergamot, bitter orange, green tangerine peel, kudzu root and so on. , are famous local specialties. The trade of Chinese herbal medicines came into being with the production, and Puning Chinese herbal medicine market has a long history. According to the records, it was very prosperous before liberation. During the Republic of China, Shantou Daily published the information that Puning Meilin medicinal material market was an "international small market" for medicinal materials.

Since the reform and opening up, the Puning Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government have vigorously cultivated the medicinal materials industry and market, forming a large-scale professional market for Chinese herbal medicines. This market is one of the first eight specialized markets for Chinese herbal medicines in China, and it is also one of the two specialized markets for Chinese herbal medicines approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. This market was approved by the state as one of the eight designated markets for Chinese herbal medicines in July, 1997. It was completed and put into use in September, with 1998, covering an area of 60,000 square meters, more than 300 sets of three-layer pavements, 120 stalls and 405 Chinese herbal medicine business households. The market environment is superior and complete. The market is the largest distribution center of medicinal materials in eastern Guangdong, with more than 1000 varieties listed every day and annual trade turnover exceeding1400 million yuan. Chinese herbal medicines have been sold all over the country 18 provinces and cities, and exported to Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, North America and other countries and regions. In addition, there are nearly 74 wholesale enterprises of western medicine and Chinese patent medicines, 7 medical device enterprises 1 1, and 7 pharmaceutical industrial enterprises, among which Guangdong Kangmei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is a listed company. Four years later, the largest modern Chinese medicine logistics port invested by Kangmei Pharmaceutical will be built in Puning City, Guangdong Province, and the annual distribution capacity of 500,000 tons of Chinese medicine will promote the upgrading of Chinese medicine circulation industry. Puning's pharmaceutical industry also presents a broad development prospect, and has now become the leading industry in Puning's economic development. In 2007, Puning's medicinal materials market was awarded the title of "Pilot City of Famous Chinese Medicine City in China".

General situation of three major industries

There are 72 industrial and commercial registration markets with a total area of 560,000 square meters. There are ten professional markets for Chinese herbal medicines, textiles, clothing, cigarettes, vegetables, fruits, aquatic products, non-staple food, grain and auto parts. Thousands of businessmen gather in this city, which is famous overseas in China. Among them, the professional market of quicksand clothing is the national civilized market and the national top 100 fair market. Puning Chinese herbal medicine market is one of the first eight designated Chinese herbal medicine markets approved by the state, and it is also a market of origin. 1994, the city's total social output value 1004 billion yuan, GDP 51000 million yuan, fiscal revenue 305 million yuan, and gross industrial and agricultural output value 7.04 billion yuan, up 63.5%, 52.8%, 67.9% and 67.6% respectively over the previous year. At present, there are more than 5,000 industrial enterprises in the city, forming pillar industries such as clothing, food, electromechanical, chemical and plastic.

Puning has a developed tertiary industry and active trade. Ten professional markets, such as fruit, cloth, clothing and medicinal materials, are crowded with merchants, covering the whole country 1 17 cities, with an annual trade turnover of more than 5 billion yuan. Puning has an excellent investment environment. Urban quicksand is located at the intersection of National Highway 324, Provincial Highway 1930 and Anyang Front Line, and the city's highways extend in all directions. The construction of electric power and telecommunications has advanced by leaps and bounds. There are 220kV substations 1 seat,1/0 kv substations, 4 35kV substations and 3 thermal power plants in the city, and the power grid coverage rate is 100%. This city has realized telephone program control and digital transmission. At present, the number of program-controlled telephones is 1.2 million, and its communication capacity ranks ninth among the top 100 counties (cities) in China.

[Edit this paragraph] Historical evolution

Puning has a long history and was inhabited three or four thousand years ago. The Han Dynasty belongs to Jieyang County, Nanhai County. In the sixth year of Emperor Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (33 1), Chaoyang County was subordinate to it. In the forty-second year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1563), it was analyzed that the western boundary of Chaoyang County was Wu Yang, Rongshui and Huangkeng, and the establishment of Pu 'an County meant "general peace". The original county seat was located in Rongshui (now Guiyu Town, Chaonan District, Shantou City). In the tenth year of Wanli (1582), Pu 'an County was renamed Puning County, and Wu Yang and Rongshui in Puning County were both under the jurisdiction of Chaoyang County. In the 14th year of Wanli (1586), the county moved to Hou Yu (now Hongyang Town). In the 10th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1732), the governor of Guangdong, Yang Wengan, ordered the approval, and put Rongshuidu 170 village, 93 village in the western half of Guishandu and 45 village in the tail section of Yangwudu in Chaoyang County under the jurisdiction of Puning County in Chaozhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and under the jurisdiction of Chaoxun Road, Dongjiang Administrative Office and the Fifth District Administrative Supervision Office during the Republic of China. On July 1949, Puning County People's Government was established in Liusha Town. After the founding of New China, Puning County successively belonged to Chaoshan Office of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Administrative Office, Shantou District Commissioner's Office, Shantou District Administrative Office and Shantou City. On March 1950, we will visit 505 villages in Nanyang Mountain of Huilai County and Daping of Lu Fengxian. 1952 The resident of Puning County was moved from Hongyang to Liusha Town,1958+Huilai County merged in February,19665438+separated in March. 1On April 6, 1993, the Ministry of Civil Affairs (People's Bank of China [1993] No.71) approved Puning to cancel the county-level city and put it under the jurisdiction of Jieyang City. In 2003, Huangsha, Nanyang Township and Shipai Town were abolished and merged into Pu Chuan, Meilin and Lihu Town respectively, especially Yajian Wild Suxin. It now governs five streets, namely Zhanlong, Junbu, Xiajiashan, Da Nanshan, Yunluo, Gaopu, Daping, Pu Chuan, Meilin, Lihu, Meitang, Liaoyuan, Daba, Chigang, Hongyang, Nanxi, Guang Tai, Qilin and Nanjing. At the end of 2006, the city's total population was 2 16.8 10000, with the Han nationality as the main ethnic group, accounting for more than 99.99% of the total population. In addition, more than 400 people from 28 ethnic minorities, including Zhuang, Korean, Yao and Li, settled in the city due to marriage and job transfer.

Puning is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese. Since the red-headed ship crossed the ocean, overseas Chinese have been attached to their hometown, and their love for their hometown has been passed down from generation to generation, which not only provided valuable material support for the construction and development of their hometown, but also paved the way for Puning to go global. At present, there are more than 30 countries and regions inhabited by overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan 1.835 million people, and they are constantly emerging. Most overseas Chinese have successful careers, with a large number of business tycoons, politicians and celebrities and scholars. They have not only contributed to the prosperity of the places where they live overseas, but also have a long history of patriotism and love for their hometown. Since the reform and opening up, overseas Chinese have donated more than 600 million Hong Kong dollars, built a large number of public welfare undertakings in their hometown, and invested more than 300 million US dollars to set up industries in their hometown, which has made great contributions to the construction of Puning.

[Edit this paragraph] Land of Fruits

Because it is located in the south of the Tropic of Cancer, it has abundant sunshine and rainfall, and the land is fertile all the year round, which has a unique natural environment and geographical conditions for developing fruit production. Puning is a famous "land of fruits". The city has a high-value and high-quality fruit base of 35,300 hectares, and the fruit output ranks among the top 100 counties (cities) in China. Fruit planting has a long history and fruit farmers have rich experience in planting. There are many varieties of fruit trees, especially rare varieties (there are 286 varieties in 64 categories of 30 families). The total area of fruit planting in the city is 35 1 10,000 hectares, and the annual output is10.58 million tons. It has been named as "the hometown of green plums in China", "the hometown of bananas and oranges in China", "the hometown of green olives in China" and "the resource base for planting green plums in China" by relevant state departments. In March, 2006, Puning City was approved by the Office of Developing Southern Subtropical Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture and was recognized as "Southern Subtropical".

[Edit this paragraph] Hometown of Overseas Chinese and Education

Puning City is a famous hometown of Chaoshan culture, with a good atmosphere of respecting teachers and attaching importance to education and a high humanistic quality. While speeding up economic construction, the Party and government in Puning give priority to the development of education, actively invest in it and strive to improve the conditions for running schools. In the past five years, the city's total investment in education was 654.38+0.25 billion yuan, including 465.438+0.6 billion yuan in school building construction, and 263 schools were built or rebuilt, with a total construction area of 665,000 square meters. In Puning, "the most beautiful building is the school" has become a reality. At present, there are 734 schools of all levels and types in the city, with staff 1.89 million and primary and secondary school students of 407,200. There are also secondary normal schools, teachers' training schools, adult secondary schools, radio and television universities and Chaoshan College, and the educational structure is reasonable.

[Edit this paragraph] Tourism resources

Puning is an old revolutionary base area in Guangdong Province, where there are many historical sites, monuments and revolutionary relics. After excavation management, it is found that there are ancient cultural sites 13, 8 ancient tombs, ancient buildings 1 1, 7 places of interest, 8 ancient inscriptions1,39 revolutionary sites and 5 revolutionary memorial buildings in the city. Excellent natural conditions. The Tropic of Cancer passes through here and is regulated by the warm ocean airflow. Known as the "hometown of water towns" all the year round, it is rich in tourism resources and scenic spots, featuring landscapes, natural hot springs, hipster culture, revolutionary sites, religious temples and other scenic spots, which constitutes Puning's unique natural and humanistic tourism landscape. During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, Puning formed the "Eight Scenes" of Kungang Songyun, Zhangtielan Powder, Hui Ling Ganquan, Qianhu Fishing Boat, Peifeng Pagoda, Hongsi Youtan, Nanyan Roy and Yunshiqiao Trail. These scenic spots are all around Hongyang, among which only Peifeng Tower, Nanyan and Marble Rock are left. Peifeng Tower is located in the west of wuli village, Hongyang Town, commonly known as. Famous ancient temples such as Panlongge, Ma Si Rock, Marble, Baishui Rock, Bathing Longyan, Zhanggangyan and Yuantong Temple are all beautiful and towering. Hongyang Ancient Town (Puning Ancient Town) covers an area of 40,000 square meters. Deanli Mansion, a rare mansion-style giant building complex in China, is a well-preserved giant building complex in Qing Dynasty. Lin Zexu, an imperial envoy from Humen in Qing Dynasty, died in the place where opium was destroyed, and Wenchang Pavilion was also well preserved. The "August 1st Memorial Hall" in quicksand, the former site of the military decision-making meeting of Nanchang Uprising Southern Army Command hosted by Comrade Zhou Enlai, the "Baimazai Stone House" where Peng Pai's martyrs and his wife lived, the "Red Palace" in the "Quicksand People's Park" inscribed by the great poet Guo Moruo, where Marshal Xu lived in his early years, are all attractions that tourists can't forget to return. In addition, the elegant Tieshan Orchid, the misty marble firewood trail, the beautiful Nanshan Mountain connected by water and sky, the scenic spots on both sides of the new river in the urban area and many natural hot springs all make tourists feel relaxed and happy.

[Edit this paragraph] Road traffic

Puning City is located in the land transportation hub of Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi, with superior investment environment, convenient transportation network and increasingly perfect infrastructure. Pu Jie Expressway, Pratt & Whitney Expressway, National Highway 324, Provincial Highway 236 and Provincial Highway 238 meet in the urban area, 400 kilometers west of the provincial capital Guangzhou, 60 kilometers east of Shantou and 40 kilometers north of Jieyang. The existing highway mileage in the city is 65438+. The highway density is 72. 1km/ 100km2, including expressway 56.7km, National Highway 45. 1km, Provincial Highway 102.9km, County Road 20 1. 1km and Township Road. The cement road extends to the town (township), and the road leading to the town (township) is basically cemented, forming a transportation network with the urban area as the center, expressway, national highway and provincial highway as the main axis, county road as the backbone, and extending to the town (township) village.

[Edit this paragraph] Local characteristics

Puning dried bean curd

Puning dried beancurd is produced in Guangnan Village, Liaoyuan Town. It was taught by He, a military strategist in Chen Youliang (known as the mother louse fairy) at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. Known as "a million officials in one night", many villagers have made it today. High-quality soybean is selected as the main raw material, and it is made through a series of processes such as grinding, slag removal, boiling, crystallization, blocking, briquetting and cooking.

"Lion Head" is very sweet.

Yugan, whose scientific name is Yugan, is produced all over Jieyang, and Puning is the main producing area. Lion head oil gan is one of the best varieties. Its fruit is big and flat, and looks like a lion's head. Its skin is bright and slightly transparent, and its meat is thick and thin, crisp and sweet. Capparis spinosa can be eaten fresh, pickled or made into preserved fruit. When eaten fresh, it is sour first and then sweet. After eating, it is sweet and memorable.

Puning bamboo and rattan

Puning bamboo rattan refers to the famous Hongyang bamboo rattan, which is rich in Puning Hongyang area and has a long history. Later, it was extended to Nanxi and Guang Tai. Puning bamboo cane has thin skin, light green color, crisp meat, more juice and less residue, sweet and refreshing taste, good juice and drink, and it is particularly meaningful to chew. Regular eating can clear away heat and moisten dryness, reduce qi and promote fluid production, which is the treasure of fruit cane.

[Edit this paragraph] 2. Books-Puning

brief introduction

Puning is Nabokov's first novel, which has been widely concerned and welcomed by American readers. It describes the life of an exiled old Russian professor teaching in an American university. He is gentle and eccentric, incompatible with his surroundings, often laughed at by his colleagues, and his wife abandoned him. He had to indulge in old paper piles and study Russian ancient culture and classical literature to comfort himself; Always recalling the past, showing a deep homesickness. Nabokov skillfully combined Russian culture with modern American civilization, and humorously and tactfully portrayed a distressed person who lost his motherland, cut off contact with his motherland culture and lost his love.

Brief introduction of the author

Nabokov is recognized as an outstanding novelist and stylist in the 20th century. Nabokov was born in St. Petersburg on April 1899 13. During the Bolshevik Revolution, Nabokov went into exile in Germany with his family in 19 19. After studying French and Russian literature at Trinity College of Cambridge University, he began his literary career in Berlin and Paris for 18 years. 1940, Nabokov moved to the United States and taught at Wellesley, Stanford, Cornell and Harvard universities. As a novelist, poet, critic and translator, Nabokov enjoys a great reputation in the literary world. He has written such novels as Signs of Obsession, Lolita, Puning and Dim Fire. 1September 1955 15, Nabokov's most famous work Lolita was published by Paris Olympia Publishing House and caused controversy. 196 1 year, Nabokov moved to Montreux, Switzerland; He died in Lausanne on July 2, 1977.