How many days have you counted?

Today is 20 19 1.9, the first day of March 9th.

As we all know, it is the coldest time for people to feel in March and September. Three or nine days is easy to calculate. Every year, on the day of winter solstice, you start counting to nine. After that, as long as you are familiar with the traditional solar terms in China, you will know the schedule of cold and heat. This is: "1929, I stepped into my arms; 3949, frozen pigs and frozen dogs; 5969, look at the willows by the river; 7963, pedestrian clothes list; 998 1 year, the elderly in Tian Zhongli cultivated land. " . This means that because the earth has accumulated cold and hot energy some time ago, there will be 40 days of coldest weather from winter to the future; 18 solstice after beginning of winter, stiff hands and feet; 18 days after the winter solstice-36 days 18 days is the coldest period in a year, which can freeze pigs and dogs to death; Once winter comes to 18 days from 36 days to 54 days in the future, willows along the river will sprout new buds and the climate will get warmer; There is also the 54th day from winter to the 70th day, when people will take off their winter clothes. From winter to the next 70 days, spring ploughing will be ready and the weather will be completely warm.

So, when is the number nine? We will know that it is based on the time of winter solstice. Whether you know it or not, I know it anyway.

"March 9th" refers to the third "nine days" after the winter solstice, that is, the 19th to 27th days after the winter solstice. There is a saying "Jiujiu" in the China lunar calendar, which is used to calculate the seasons. The calculation method is from the solstice of winter (counting from the solstice of winter, which means the beginning of cold), every nine days are called a nine, the first nine days are called a nine, the second nine days are called a 29, and so on until the ninth nine days, when the number reaches 998 1 day. At this time, winter has passed and spring has arrived.

Related reading: When is Volt?

Generally, it is the coldest in "Sanjiu". When many friends say "the third September after the winter solstice", it means "March 99", which is also the day when March 99 and April 99 intersect, not March 99.

It is a custom in old Beijing to draw a picture of "1999" from the winter solstice. This custom has been recorded in the works of Ming people. This picture shows plum blossom, 8 1 flower bureau (representing 998 1 day). After dyeing a flower with a pen for 8l every other day, 8 1 flower shop has all dyed it, and spring has arrived, so it is called "99 Cold Relief Map". Moreover, in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, there was a relief map engraved with "99 Cold Land", which was sold in the market, which was more convenient, and there was a "99 Song" next to this map.

This song "99 Song" reflects the changes of weather by using people's feelings about cold and phenology (that is, the changes of animals and plants caused by the changes of weather and temperature, such as the germination of willow trees, the flowering of peach trees, the arrival of geese, etc.). ), these are all related to the temperature at that time, and these are not necessarily related to the month and day. When I was a child, the song of 99, which was popular in Beijing, went like this: "1929, don't shoot;" 3949, walking on the ice; 5969, look at the willows by the river; Seven or nine rivers open, and eight or nine geese come; 99 plus 19, plowing cattle everywhere. " Popular rhymes are catchy and easy to remember.

This "99" theory. As early as the Southern and Northern Dynasties. At this time, the number of solstice days in winter has reached 998 1, and the cold days are over. And this song (Jiujiu Song) originated from the Song Dynasty. It was very popular in the Ming dynasty, but when it was popular among the people, the versions were different, and the contents and details were different. Let's see.

Five Magazine in the Ming Dynasty recorded a sentence in Jiujiu Song at that time: "1929, don't act rashly when you meet; Three nine two seven. The fence is blowing at the head (referring to the strong wind blowing the fence and making a lot of noise). This musical instrument is the name of ancient northern minorities. ); In 4936, sleeping at night was like camping (meaning it was cold, but sleeping indoors was as cold as sleeping outdoors); In 5945, the sun opened the door; In 6954, poor children fought for the spirit; 1July 963 13, Buner put it on his head (meaning it was hot, he took off his clothes and carried it); In 8972, cats and dogs sought shade; Plow and rake go out together. This statement is more detailed. According to the book, the Song of 1999 at that time (Ming Dynasty) was far from so complicated, and it was very simple and clear: "In 1929, if you meet each other, don't make a move; 3949, drinking around the stove; 5969, visiting relatives and friends; 7989, look at the willows by the river. "And the eyes are popular and easy to remember.

However, the Jiujiu songs recorded in the Ming Dynasty's Scenery of the Imperial Capital are different from the above: "In 1929, I couldn't make a phone call; 3927, the fence head blows; 4936, sleeping at night is like sleeping outside; In 5945, every family made a salt tiger. Here is a metaphor for a snowman made by people. 6954, mouth heating; 7963, pedestrian clothes list; In 8972, cats and dogs sought shade; In 998 1 year, poor people were tortured and had to stretch their feet to sleep, and mosquitoes and fleas came out. " This last sentence gave great sympathy to the poor people who were frozen in winter. There are similarities and differences between these two complicated versions of "Song of Nine Nine Nine", among which it is worth noting that "May of Nine Four Five", the former said "the sun opens the door"; The latter statement is "every family piles up salt tigers." This may reflect the period when these two songs were produced, and the snowfall in winter on Saturday is very different.

The short version of "Song of Nine Nine Nine", which was popular in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty, said: "Seven nine eight nine, look at the willows by the river." In the last century, "Jiujiu Song" became "5969, watching willows along the river." This change cannot be ignored. It reflects that the weather in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty was colder than that in the last century, so that from the phenological phenomenon, it took some time for willow trees to sprout and grow leaves.

In winter, "99 Songs" is very popular, because the zero-degree cold weather makes people feel very difficult. In fact, there are "99 songs" in summer, but summer is not like winter. What should I draw? "99 Summer Topographic Map". Summer in a year corresponds to winter, and there are also 998 1 day from summer to Sunday. According to "Five Magazines" in the Ming Dynasty, it was recorded as: "1929, fans never leave their hands; 3927, ice water is as sweet as honey (there was an ice bank in ancient times, which stored ice cubes in winter and took them out in summer); 4936. Sweating is like taking a bath; 5945, it is difficult to wear autumn leaf dance; 6954, enjoy the cool people Buddhist temple; 7963, looking for sheets at the bedside; 8972, consider covering the quilt; In 998 1 year, the promotion of weaving was announced in front of the steps. " This summer's "99 Songs" is very lively and interesting, and it is mainly based on people's subjective feelings.

Seeing this, if you still don't know when the number 9 begins, Bian Xiao tells you that the number 9 begins on the solstice every winter. 20 18 when is the winter solstice?

China has been in cold weather for several years since the winter of November. Astronomical experts said that "the Ninth Five-Year Plan" is a more applicable solar term in northern China, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. From the day of winter solstice, it entered the "number nine", commonly known as "cross nine", and then every nine days as a unit, called "nine". After nine "nines", it happens to be 8 1 day, that is, "nine out", and then spring blossoms. The widely circulated "99-99 Xiehan Song" from winter solstice, commonly known as "99-99 Song", vividly records the climate and phenological changes between winter solstice and vernal equinox, and also expresses some laws of agricultural activities. The widely circulated song 1929 for removing cold says: "1929 does not shoot, 1949 walks on the ice, 1969 sees the willows, 1979 opens the river, 1999.

Because the climate is different in different places, there are some differences in Jiujiu songs. For example, the Jiujiu songs circulating in northern Hebei are: "1929 Don't shoot; 3,949 yuan to take away; Five or nine and a half points, slag scattered; Hit six or nine heads in spring, take off your coat and change to a cow; In 7963, pedestrians relaxed their clothes; Nine times out of ten, don't plow, just stay for three or five days; 1999 Yang Huakai will not come in the future. "

Zhao Zhi Heng, director of Tianjin Astronomical Society, said that although the climate has been somewhat abnormal in recent years, as long as the solar term is up, the glaciers are still blooming, the willows on the shore are still green, the geese are still returning, and the "Song of Eliminating Cold in 1999" is still singing, and there is no feeling of being out of date.

Astronomical experts further said that the "ninety-nine songs" set each other off and became interesting, which was widely circulated among the people, also known as the "ninety-nine pictures". There are various forms of "99 Map", such as Nine palace map, fish map, spring pattern map and sub-map. They are not only calendars for calculating time, but also exquisite decorations. Therefore, during the winter solstice festival, there is also the custom of pasting the "99 Cold Map".

As a big festival, the winter solstice is still an ancient thing. After the Revolution of 1911, the custom of the Winter Solstice Festival weakened day by day, and it was difficult to see the activities of the Winter Solstice Festival everywhere. However, from the solstice of winter, "Nine" has had a far-reaching impact on the people, which is well known to women and children and widely spread. What is "counting nine"? It is from the solstice of winter to the next few days that the weather will change from the cold of winter to the "warm day in late spring" because the process of "counting nine" is the process in which the cold pole turns warm and the cold disappears and warms. People often refer to this 998 1 day as "nine days" and "counting nine cold days". The first nine days of "Jiujiu" are called "Jiujiu", the last nine days are called "Erjiu" ... and the last nine days are called "Jiujiu".

Various versions of nine songs.

The widely circulated "99-99 Xiehan Song" from winter solstice, commonly known as "99-99 Song", vividly records the climate and phenological changes between winter solstice and vernal equinox, and also expresses some laws of agricultural activities. The widely circulated song 1929 for removing cold says: "1929 does not shoot, 1949 walks on the ice, 1969 sees the willows, 1979 opens the river, 1999.

Because the climate is different in different places, there are some differences in Jiujiu songs. For example, the 99 song is: "1929 don't shoot; 3,949 yuan to take away; Five or nine and a half points, slag scattered; Hit six or nine heads in spring, take off your coat and change to a cow; In 7963, pedestrians relaxed their clothes; Nine times out of ten, don't plow, just stay for three or five days; Yang Huakai 1999, and will not come in the future. "

Is counting nine songs out of date?

Zhao Zhi Heng, director of Tianjin Astronomical Society, said that although the climate has been somewhat abnormal in recent years, as long as the solar term is up, the glaciers are still blooming, the willows on the shore are still green, the geese are still returning, and the "Song of Eliminating Cold in 1999" is still singing, and there is no feeling of being out of date.

Astronomical experts further said that the "ninety-nine songs" set each other off and became interesting, which was widely circulated among the people, also known as the "ninety-nine pictures". There are various forms of "99 Map", such as Nine palace map, fish map, spring pattern map and sub-map. They are not only calendars for calculating time, but also exquisite decorations. Therefore, during the winter solstice festival, there is also the custom of pasting the "99 Cold Map".

20 18 12.22 (lunar calendar? 1 1 month1Saturday) This day is the solstice of winter, that is to say, the count of nine begins!

As a big festival, the winter solstice is still an ancient thing. After the Revolution of 1911, the custom of the Winter Solstice Festival weakened day by day, and it was difficult to see the activities of the Winter Solstice Festival everywhere. However, from the solstice of winter, "Nine" has had a far-reaching impact on the people, which is well known to women and children and widely spread. What is "counting nine"? It is from the solstice of winter to the next few days that the weather will change from the cold of winter to the "warm day in late spring", because the process of "counting nine" is the process in which the cold pole turns warm and the cold disappears and warms up. People often call this 998 1 day "nine days" and "counting nine cold days". The first nine days of "Jiujiu" are called "Jiujiu", the last nine days are called "Erjiu" ... and the last nine days are called "Jiujiu".

history

Working people have experienced thousands of years of struggle against the severe cold of snow and wind, and based on their long-term practical experience, they have created many "Jiujiu Songs" describing the changes of temperature and humidity during the "Jiujiu" period. For example, 99 folk songs popular in the north:

Count to nine and then count to nine. 1929 Don't shoot. Three, nine, four, nine, walking on the ice. Look at the willows by the river. Seven or nine rivers open and eight or nine swallows come. Ninety-nine and nineteen, plowing cattle everywhere.

Lu Gu's "Jia Qinglu" recorded a "Nine Songs", which humorously described the situation of ancient people in winter:

1929, the item is called Fu Tui (both hands are shrunk in the robe because of fear of cold); 3927, fence head blowing (cold wind blowing on the fence head, like blowing); 4936, sleeping at night is like camping (sleeping under a quilt is like sleeping in the wild); Five, nine, four, five, poor street dance. If you don't dance, it will be chilly in spring (the poor people wear thin clothes to dance to keep warm); In 6954, flies piled up in the house (showing a little warmth); In 7963, two shoulders were covered with cloth sleeves (warmer, so you can put thick clothes on your shoulders); In 8972, cats and dogs were lying in the cold; In 998 1 year, the poor man was about to stretch his feet to sleep when mosquitoes and fleas came out.

In ancient society, the poor suffered especially in winter.

Jiujiuge

Beijing edition

China has a vast territory, and the "Jiujiu Songs" vary from place to place. But the same. There is a saying among the people in Song Like (Beijing Edition):

Not in 1929. Three, nine, four, nine, walking on the ice. Look at the willows by the river. Seven or nine rivers open and eight or nine geese come. 99 plus 19, plowing cattle everywhere.

Explanation:

As the saying goes, "the first nine days are warm, and the last nine days are cold." It is found that if the first nine days are warm, the whole winter will be particularly cold. Therefore, it is said that "the first day is not greedy, and the rain and snow continue to winter." "Yanjing Age" said: "The winter solstice on March 9 is difficult." It means that it has entered the coldest stage in cold weather since March 9. "Jing Fang Yizhan" said: "The solstice after winter, the 30th is extremely cold." "The third day after beginning of winter is the coldest day in December from solstice." Later, people generally thought that March 9 was the coldest day, but in fact, April 9 was the coldest time in winter. It was only a few days before March 9 that the temperature changed greatly, and suddenly it became cold, so the body did not adapt, so it was particularly cold. On April 9, although the temperature was lower than that on March 9, the temperature difference changed little, and it didn't feel as cold as when it entered March 9 from February 9.

Since the winter solstice, 349 is just near the great cold in the twenty-four solar terms.

cause

Why count "nine"? Why not count two, three, four, five, six, seven and eight? This is different from the ups and downs of Yin and Yang in China's traditional philosophy, that is, warm coming and cold going. Nine is the number of "Zhiyang", also called Lao Yang, and nine is the largest number. The accumulation of "Zhiyang" means that Yin Qi is decreasing day by day, and it is tired to the end for nine times, which means that the cold is getting warmer and "the spring is deep".

custom

There are many customs of "counting nine", among which "Jiujiu Song" is the most extensive and has a long history. These songs skillfully use the phenological phenomena in nature and vividly reflect the laws of weather changes during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. As far as most parts of China are concerned, the weather was not the coldest when the 29th passed, but "1929, I can't reach it." /kloc-at the end of 0/949, it was almost a "severe cold" solar term, so it was said "3949, frozen bitch". After May 9, the earth gradually rejuvenated and the weather gradually warmed from cold, so "May 969, look at the willows by the river; 7989, walking alone. " By 1999, it was already a "shock pad" solar term, so "1999 thundered for a long time." The custom of "painting nine" appeared in the Ming Dynasty. The so-called painting is actually a picture that calculates the warm date of spring after the winter solstice. In the Ming Dynasty, "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Imperial Capital" contained: "From winter to the sun, draw a plum flower, one in eighty petals. Dye one petal a day, and 99 petals will come out, then the spring will be deep, saying that 99 will eliminate the cold. " In addition, in the Qing Dynasty, there were "Poems and Pictures of' Eliminating Cold in the Nineteen Years'", including four sentences and thirty-six sentences every nine days. The content ranges from "Huang San ruled the world in ancient times" to "the golden years of Qing Dynasty" in this dynasty, which is a beautiful historical "memorabilia".

After "painting nine", the custom of "writing nine" appeared in Qing Dynasty. "Writing Nine" has a strong cultural flavor, and words such as "weeping willows in front of the pavilion and cherishing the spring breeze" or "sending fragrant flowers into the house in the spring vestibule" are often used (of course, traditional). Tick them into a picture first and fill them in from the ninth day (similar to "painting red" in calligraphy practice). Black with a thick brush, nine strokes per word, one stroke per day, and it takes just 8 1 day to fill in these nine words. Interestingly, after filling in a stroke every day, you have to use a fine brush to record the weather of that day on the strokes. Therefore, a line of "writing nine" is also more detailed meteorological data in the past nine days.

multiplication table

Every nine days, the weather changes in cold and warm. Based on long-term experience, people record these images, summarize them and compile them into folk proverbs, which are called "Jiujiu Songs". Because our country spans the north temperate zone and subtropical zone, the climate change is different in different places, so the content of Jiujiu Song is different in different places. For example, the "99 Songs" in the north said: "1929 does not shoot; Walking on the ice in 3949; 5969, look at the willows by the river; Seven or nine rivers open, and eight or nine geese come; 998 1, eat at home. " (Zaoqiang County) "After five and a half years, Ling dissipated. In spring, there are six or nine heads, and seven or ninety-three heads. Pedestrians on the road carry clothes. I don't plow in August and September, and flowers bloom in March and September. " (Xinhe County) "I hit six or nine heads in the spring, sold my fur coat and bought a cow." (Jinxian) "1929, I can't move. 3927, the hedge head blew. Sleeping at night is like sleeping outside. In 5945, every family pushed the salt tiger. 6954, mouth temperature. In 7963, pedestrians carried clothes (single). In 8972, cats and dogs sought shade. 1998, the poor man ended his suffering. " ("The Story of Jingchu Times") Hunan's "Jiujiu Song" said: "On the ninth day of the winter solstice, hide your cuffs with your hands; 29 18 years, the mouth seems to eat Chili; 3927, see fire as honey; 4936, close the door of the house, keep the stove; 5945, open the door and find a warm place. In 6954, the willow was blue and purple; In 7963, pedestrians took off their clothes; In 8972, catkins flew everywhere; 998 1, put on hemp fiber and hat. " Yuxian county under the dam said: "1929 dumb door (describing mouth) called dog (describing burping);" 3949, frozen broken wheels; 5969, open the door and walk away; The 79 river does not open, and the 89 geese come; The Jiujiu River is frozen heavy and the rice noodles are broken. " ……

These "Jiujiu Songs" are the experiences summed up by the broad masses of people in our country from generation to generation on the basis of production and life practice, using some ecological reflections and meteorological signs in nature. They are quite scientific and still play a guiding role in the arrangement of people's production and life, so they have been popular and widely circulated in people's words and behaviors.

In fact, winter solstice is "cathode day", with short days and long nights, which should be the coldest time of the year. In fact, this is the beginning of cold. As the saying goes, "Cold is on March 9th", and in some places, "On March 9th, April 9th, dogs and cats were frozen to death" exists in the "Jiujiu Song". March 9 and April 9 are often the beginning of the twelfth lunar month, so there are sayings of "freezing to death at the door of the twelfth lunar month" and "pulling Bala up and going out to freeze". Why is the coldest day of the year on March 9th after Yang Sheng? This is because the earth absorbs the heat from the sun and stores it, storing it during the day and releasing it at night. Before the winter solstice, the heat released by the earth is less than the heat absorbed, and it accumulates slightly. Since the winter solstice, although the heat absorbed by the earth from the sun has increased due to the longer days, the heat emitted has been "unable to make ends meet" because the nights are still longer than the days. On March 9 and April 9, the earth was seriously "short of heat", so the winter solstice became colder and became the coldest moment of the year.

Attachment: 99 songs

multiplication table

1929 did not shoot;

Walking on the ice in 3949;

59 and 69, watching willows by the river,

Frozen rivers open in July and September, and swallows return in August and September.

99 plus 19, plowing cattle everywhere. Pay attention to what is said here; Swallow means little swallow, not wild goose.

The above nine winter and summer songs reflect people's understanding and concern about climate change in old Beijing.