Can you water and fertilize the pumpkin in dog days?

Yes, but pay attention to time and fertilization.

Cultivation methods of pumpkin (basic knowledge);

Best breeding time: It is feasible to plant pumpkin in summer, but the best planting time is spring and autumn. Generally speaking, it takes more than a month for pumpkins to germinate and bloom. The planting time is 65438+10-March in spring and July-August in autumn.

The most suitable soil for growth: Pumpkins have low requirements on soil, but it is best to use fertile, neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam.

Requirements for growth humidity: Pumpkin has developed root system, strong water absorption and drought resistance, but it is not waterlogged, and it must be drained in time in case of rain stains.

Optimum growth temperature: The optimum temperature for seed germination is 25? -30℃, the optimum temperature for growth and development is 18-32℃, the temperature for flowering and fruiting is higher than 15℃, and the optimum temperature for fruit development is 22-27℃. Low temperature is beneficial to female flower formation.

Optimum growth light: Pumpkin is a light-loving plant with sufficient light, good growth, fast fruit growth and good quality; Too many rainy days and insufficient light are easy to cause melons and diseases.

Matters needing attention in pumpkin cultivation:

Fertilization:

Should be carried out according to the characteristics of pumpkin fertilizer demand. Pumpkin has different absorption of nutrients at different growth stages. Pumpkin seedlings grow very little, and there is less demand for fertilizer. The absorption of nitrogen increases sharply when the fruit expands, and the absorption law of potassium and nitrogen is basically the same. However, the absorption of phosphorus increased less. During the whole growth period of pumpkin, potassium and nitrogen absorbed the most nutrients, followed by calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. To produce 4308 kilograms of pumpkin per 667 square meters, it is necessary to absorb 20.5 kilograms of nitrogen, 6.9 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide and 25. 1 kg of potassium oxide. Specific fertilization requirements are as follows. & amp# 160;

1, base fertilizer. Mainly organic fertilizer, with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. Commonly used base fertilizers include manure, compost or green manure. , and the dosage is relatively large, generally accounting for 1/3- 1/2 of the total fertilization amount, and 3000-4000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied every 667 square meters. All or most of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, which are mixed with organic fertilizers and applied to soil layers. In the case of insufficient organic fertilizer, NPK compound fertilizer 15-20kg should be supplemented every 667m2. There are two methods to apply base fertilizer: spreading and centralized application. Generally, sowing is combined with deep ploughing. After applying organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer evenly, use a spiral plow and rake twice to mix the fertilizer and soil evenly. When the fertilizer is less, it is generally applied in furrows and concentrated strips, and the fertilizer is applied in sowing rows.

2. Top dressing. Topdressing is mainly available nitrogen fertilizer, combined with phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. Topdressing generally accounts for 1/2-2/3 of the total fertilization. Topdressing should be carried out in batches according to the different amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium needed in different growth stages of pumpkin. Topdressing at seedling stage is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, aiming at promoting seedling emergence. Generally, 5-8kg urea is applied every 667m2. In the fruit-bearing period, not only sufficient nitrogen fertilizer should be supplied, but also phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be supplemented in time to ensure the full expansion of the fruit.

Generally, after fruit setting, urea 10- 15 kg, potassium sulfate 5- 10 kg and topdressing 1-2 times per 667 square meters. Pay attention to the position when topdressing. Topdressing should be applied near the base of the plant at seedling stage, and the topdressing position should gradually move to both sides of the border when entering the fruiting stage, and generally should be applied in strips. In calcareous soil, nitrogen fertilizer should follow the principle of deep application, especially ammonium bicarbonate, which must be covered with soil for about 6 cm to avoid fertilizer volatilization and reduce fertilizer efficiency. Ammonium sulfate, urea and other chemically stable nitrogen fertilizers can be topdressing by spraying combined with irrigation. In the middle and late stage of pumpkin growth, the ability of root system to absorb nutrients weakened. In order to ensure the growth and development of pumpkin, topdressing outside the roots can be used to supplement nutrients. Fertilizers to be sprayed can be 0.2%-0.3% urea, 0.5%- 1% chlorine fertilizer, and 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Generally, they are sprayed 1 time every 7- 10 days, and several fertilizers are applied alternately for 2-3 times.

Water supply point:

Pumpkin has developed root system and strong water absorption and drought resistance. Pumpkin has large leaves and strong transpiration, so it must be irrigated in time to obtain high yield. After planting 1 week, irrigate 1 time slow seedling water to promote the growth of branches and leaves; After fruit setting, water 1 time. In the future, according to the climatic conditions, water properly to ensure the development of fruits. After the fruit is fully ripe, water should be properly controlled to promote the accumulation of dry matter in the fruit and improve the quality of pumpkin.

Pruning points:

Open field cultivation: it can grow without pruning.

Leveling and guiding vines: During the growing period, always pay attention to the situation of vines last week, and use other auxiliary equipment to make them climb the scaffold smoothly. Prune the axillary buds at any time before the vines climb onto the scaffold to avoid cutting off nutrients.

Breeding point:

Pumpkin propagation is mostly sowing propagation.

Sowing: 2-3 seeds per hole, with the tips of seeds facing down, covered with soil for 2-3 cm, watered and permeable, and germinated at 25-30℃ for about 1-2 weeks.

Live broadcast: In the first winter, the land can be cleared, the base fertilizer can be applied, and the seeds can be buried in February and March the following year. Because the seedlings are long and grow fast, they should be fertilized in April, May and June, and pay attention to watering. Pumpkin management is relatively extensive, because the root system is developed and the leaves take root between nodes, so we should pay attention to cultivating the soil in order to absorb nutrients. A pumpkin seedling can grow many branches. In order not to make the nutrients too dispersed, it is necessary to cross, and 2-3 main vines are left in one seedling. According to the soil fertility and the growth of pumpkin seedlings, the terminal buds can be removed after several births. As long as the soil is fertile, pumpkins should be watered and fertilized frequently. Generally, 3-5 leaves slip a melon, and more melons will not grow up. Buds are very easy to grow in the axils of melons, so attention should be paid to removing them, otherwise they will compete with melons for nutrition, and the melons will wither and fall off due to insufficient nutrition.

Pest control:

1, pumpkin bacterial edge blight, caused by bacteria. Most pathogens invade from the water holes at the edge of leaves or the incisions of the whole branches, and spread through rain and agricultural operations. It is easy to get sick in low temperature and high humidity weather. Poor management, lack of fertilizer, plant weakness or partial application of nitrogen fertilizer are all serious diseases.

Prevention and control methods:

1) Seed Disinfection Select the disease-free melons for seed disinfection. Soak the seeds in warm water at 55℃ for 15 minutes, or soak the seeds in 40% formalin 150 times solution for 1 0.5 hours, or soak the seeds in 500 times solution of110,000 units of agricultural streptomycin for 2 hours, then rinse the solution with clear water and accelerate germination and sowing. The dried seeds can also be put into an incubator at 70℃ for dry heat sterilization for 72 hours.

2) Sterile soil is used to raise seedlings in pure land, and it is rotated with non-melon vegetables for more than 2 years. Remove diseased tissue during growth and after harvest.

3) Strengthening Cultivation Management When cultivating cucumber in greenhouse, attention should be paid to avoiding the formation of high temperature and high humidity conditions, covering with plastic film, watering under the film, and watering frequently with a small amount of water to avoid flooding and reduce the humidity in the field. After the water film on cucumber leaves disappears in the morning, carry out various farming operations to avoid wounds.

4) Remove diseased leaves in time after chemical control, and spray 500 times of 60% DTM wettable powder, or 300 times of 14% copper ammonia water solution, or 600 times of 50% metalaxyl copper wettable powder, or 3% zhongshengmycin wettable powder 1000 times. According to the development of the disease,

2. Powdery mildew: white mildew spots appear when leaves or tender stems are injured, and in severe cases, the whole leaves are covered with white powder.

Control method: 70% triadimefon 700 times diluted solution, 250 times diluted solution of sulfur suspending agent, 50% carbendazim 500 times diluted solution, 500 times diluted solution of carbendazim, 250 times diluted solution of sulfur rubber suspending agent, 600 times diluted solution of chlorothalonil or 700 times diluted solution of bentazone can be selected for control, and used alternately and sprayed for 3-4 times.

3. Viral disease: mottled mosaic with yellow spots or shadows appears on the leaves of infected plants, with uneven leaves and twisted stems, vines and top leaves.

Prevention and control methods: 20% virus A or virus 1 500 times dilution, 1.5% plant protection emulsion 1000 times dilution, bacterial toxin 400 times dilution, 83 pit enhancer 100 times dilution or mycotoxin 600 times dilution can be selected, every 7-10 minutes.

4. Spot disease: the leaf spots of the affected plants are round to nearly round. When the humidity is high, the spots are densely covered with small black spots. In severe cases, the spots merge, leading to local leaf death.

Prevention and control methods: 70% thiophanate-methyl 800-fold dilution, 50% chlorpheniramine 1500-fold dilution, 75% chlorothalonil 800-fold dilution, sulfur suspension concentrate 500-fold dilution or Beideli 600-fold dilution can be selected for prevention and control, and sprayed twice a month 1 fold.

Insect pests: mainly aphids, yellow worms, melon flies, noctuids and other pests.

Control method: pirimicarb plus dimehypo or pyrethroid pesticides can be used alternately for control.