Induction notes on compulsory knowledge points of geography in senior high school

1. notes on induction of a required knowledge point in geography of senior one.

Material movement and energy exchange in natural geographical environment

1, rocks are divided into three categories:

① Magmatic rocks (magma rises, cools and solidifies).

② Sedimentary rocks (rocks are formed by weathering, erosion, transportation, accumulation and consolidation of external forces).

③ Metamorphic rocks (metamorphism).

2. Names of six plates: Asia-Europe plate, Africa plate, Indian Ocean plate, Pacific plate, America plate and Antarctica plate.

3. Atmospheric heating process: solar radiation (short wave), atmospheric attenuation, ground warming, ground radiation (long wave), atmospheric warming, atmospheric radiation (long wave) and atmospheric reverse radiation (insulation).

4. Common weather systems: frontal system (cold front, warm front, quasi-static front), cyclone (low pressure), anticyclone (high pressure) and frontal cyclone.

2. High school geography compulsory knowledge points induction notes

1, the reason why life exists on the earth

The cosmic environment of the earth: stable lighting conditions and safe space orbit.

Conditions suitable for the earth: the distance between the sun and the earth is moderate, the volume and mass are moderate, and the material movement inside the earth promotes the formation of the ocean.

2. Signs of solar activity: sunspots

The influence of solar activity on the earth: the influence on the earth's climate, the interference on the ionosphere, radio short-wave communication, and the earth's magnetic field.

3. The geographical significance of rotation:

(1) Day and night alternation phenomenon;

(2) local time difference;

③ Deviation of horizontally moving objects;

④ The formation of the earth ellipsoid.

4. The geographical significance of the revolution:

① Temporal and spatial changes of the length of day and night;

(2) Temporal and spatial variation of the height of the sun at noon;

③ Four seasons alternate;

④ Five-zone distribution.

3. High school geography compulsory knowledge points induction notes

Regional differentiation law of geographical environment

1. horizontal regional differentiation

(1) from the equator to the poles

Influencing factors: solar radiation

Forming basis: heat

Distribution law: roughly parallel to latitude, extending from east to west, alternating from north to south.

(2) Extending from the coast to the inland to the direction of regional differentiation.

Influencing factors: precipitation

Forming basis: moisture

Distribution law: extending parallel to the coastal direction and alternating perpendicular to the coastal direction.

2. Vertical regional differentiation

Law: Landscape changes regularly with height. The lower the latitude, the higher the mountain and the richer the natural belt.

Cause: It is mainly the vertical change of water condition, heat condition and their combination with the elevation in mountainous areas.

3. Non-zonal differentiation law: mainly affected by land and sea distribution, topography, ocean current and other factors.

4. Senior one geography compulsory one knowledge point induction notes

The movement of the earth

(1) General characteristics of the earth's motion: rotation: from west to east, sidereal day (23: 56: 4), constant speed 15/ hour (except at the poles), linear speed decreasing from the equator to the poles: from west to east, sidereal year (365 days, 6: 09:/kloc-0.

(2) The movement of the direct sunlight point moves back and forth between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, with a period of one tropic year.

(3) The cycle of day-night alternation and time difference day-night alternation is a solar day. Longitude every 15 degrees, local time difference 1 hour.

(4) Objects moving horizontally along the surface tend to the right in the northern hemisphere, to the left in the southern hemisphere, and do not deflect at the equator.

(5) Variation of the length of day and night and the height of the sun at noon. The direct point of the sun is in that hemisphere, and the equator of that hemisphere is equally divided day and night all year round. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the global equinox decreases from the direct point of the sun to the north and south, and the closer to the direct point, the higher the height of the sun.

(6) The alternation of four seasons in mid-latitude area and the alternation of four seasons in five zones are obvious. Summer is the season with longer days and higher sunshine in a year, but winter is the opposite. Spring and autumn are transitional seasons.

5. Senior one geography compulsory one knowledge point induction notes

1. Solar radiation: the energy radiated into space by the sun in the form of electromagnetic waves.

1, energy source: nuclear fusion reaction in the center of the sun (four hydrogen nuclei coalesce into helium nuclei, releasing a lot of energy);

2. Features: Solar radiation is short-wave radiation, and the energy is mainly concentrated in visible light with short wavelength;

3. Significance: Maintaining the surface temperature is the main motive force of the earth's atmospheric movement, water cycle and life activities, and the main energy source for human production and life.

Solar constant: the energy index indicating that solar radiation can reach the upper limit of the atmosphere, with the size of 8.24 J /cm2. Measuring drop

Second, the influence of solar activity on the earth.

1, the external structure of the sun: refers to the atmospheric structure of the sun, which is divided into three layers from inside to outside: photosphere, chromosphere and corona.

2. Impact on the Earth: (Sunspots are signs of solar activity intensity, with a period of about 1 1 year)

6. Senior one geography compulsory one knowledge point induction notes

The inner layer of the earth

Research on the internal structure of the earth: because the knowledge inside the earth mainly comes from the study of seismic waves.

When an earthquake occurs, the underground rocks are strongly impacted, which produces elastic vibration and spreads around in the form of waves. This elastic wave is called seismic wave. Seismic waves can be divided into longitudinal waves (P waves) and shear waves (S waves). P-wave travels faster and can pass through solids, liquids and gases. Shear waves travel slowly and can only pass through solids.

With Moho surface and Gutenberg surface as the boundary, the interior of the earth can be divided into three layers: crust, mantle and core.

(1) Due to the different propagation speeds of seismic waves in different media, seismic waves will be reflected and refracted when passing through the interfaces of different media. It is by using the above properties of seismic waves that scientists accurately measured seismic waves and discovered the internal structure of the earth.

(2) As can be seen from the graph of seismic waves in the earth, the surface where the seismic waves suddenly change at a certain depth and the speed suddenly changes is called a discontinuous surface.

(3) There are two discontinuities on the earth. A place with an average of 33 kilometers below the ground (referring to the mainland part), below this discontinuity, the propagation speed of P-wave and S-wave increases obviously. This discontinuity was first discovered by Austrian seismologist Mohorovicic, so it is called Moho surface. The other is 2900 kilometers underground, where the propagation speed of longitudinal waves suddenly drops and the shear waves disappear completely. This discontinuity was first studied by German seismologist Gutenberg, so it is called Gutenberg surface.

(4) With Moho surface and Gutenberg surface as the interface, the interior of the earth is divided into three layers: crust, mantle and core. Therefore, according to two discontinuous surfaces (Moho surface and Gutenberg surface) of seismic wave propagation mutation, the inner circle of the earth is divided.