The basic meaning of floor

There are many kinds of flooring, including: solid wood flooring, laminate flooring, solid wood flooring, bamboo flooring, cork flooring, etc. According to the use, there are: floor for domestic occasions, floor for commercial occasions, anti-static floor, outdoor floor, floor for stage dance, floor for sports venues, floor for track and field, etc. According to the environmental protection level, there are E 1 floor, E0 floor, F4 floor with JAS star standard, etc. Some domestic markets specialize in selling geothermal floors. In fact, as long as the substrate is stable, non-cracking, non-deforming, high in environmental protection performance, heat preservation and heat conduction, even pure solid wood floors and floor heating can be used.

Solid wood flooring:

Solid wood flooring is a floor decoration material made by drying wood. It has the characteristics of natural patterns, comfortable feet and safe use, and is an ideal material for floor decoration in bedrooms, living rooms and study rooms. The decorative style of solid wood returns to nature and the texture is natural. Today, with the decline of forest coverage and the vigorous promotion of environmental protection, solid wood flooring is even more precious. The weakness of solid wood flooring lies in its poor durability to moisture and sunlight. Moisture makes natural wood swell, but it will shrink after drying, resulting in cracks and even warping. The use of floor heating has great requirements for the processing and material selection of solid wood flooring, so in the market, solid wood floor heating is not unique, but rare.

The quality and price of solid wood flooring can be judged not only by the difference of tree species, but also by the hardness of paint film, the wear resistance of paint board surface, the adhesion of paint film and the water content index.

Grade of solid wood flooring: divided by country: excellent products, first-class products, qualified products, and excellent products have the highest quality.

Environmental protection level: the state has not made corresponding standard division.

Wear resistance grade: the surface wear resistance index of high-grade solid wood floor paint board is ≤ 0.08g/100r; First-class products ≤ 0.10g/100r; Qualified products ≤0. 15g/ 100r.

Hardness of paint film: It reflects the strength of paint film on the surface of solid wood floor, which is closely related to the material of solid wood floor and the thickness and material of paint film itself. According to the national standard, the hardness index of the paint film of excellent solid wood floor is 2 h; First-class products and qualified products ≥ H.

Adhesion of paint film: it reflects the adhesion strength of paint to solid wood floor. Unqualified indicators also indicate that the paint quality of the floor is poor, which may lead to paint cracking or even falling off in use, and will also affect the service life of the floor. According to the national standard, the adhesion index of the paint film of the excellent solid wood floor is 0 ~1; Level 1 ≤ level 2; Qualified products ≤ Grade 3

Moisture content index: refers to the moisture content of the solid wood floor in the unopened or just unpacked state in the sales area. Unqualified indicators will cause deformation, warping, arching or joint separation of the floor in use, which will affect the appearance and performance. The national standard stipulates that the moisture content index of solid wood floor is 7% of the equilibrium moisture content of the sales place.

Color difference: this is the key, and many disputes about solid wood lie here. It is unrealistic for people to unanimously demand the natural color difference of solid wood flooring. There must be color difference on the solid wood floor. Color difference is natural and inevitable, which is determined by natural attributes. Therefore, when the state formulates relevant standards, there is no requirement for color difference.

Reinforced composite wood floor:

Reinforced composite wood flooring is a popular flooring material in recent years. Formal scientific name: impregnated paper laminated wood flooring. It is made of crushed logs, filled with glue, preservatives and additives, and hot-pressed at high temperature and high pressure, thus breaking the physical structure of logs and overcoming the weakness of poor stability of logs. The composite floor has high strength, uniform specifications, high wear resistance coefficient, corrosion resistance, moth prevention and good decorative effect, and overcomes the problems of scar, bug eye and color difference on the surface of logs.

The laminated wood floor does not need to be painted and waxed, which is widely used and easy to take care of. It is the most suitable floor material for the rhythm of modern family life. In addition, laminate flooring has a high utilization rate of wood and is a good environmental protection material.

The environmental protection grade classification of laminate flooring and multi-layer solid wood flooring is the strictest stipulated by the state.

(new national standard GB/T 18 102-2007) is E 1, E0. The F3 star floor with JAS star standard is the most stringent formaldehyde detection method in the world at present, but it is a Japanese national standard formulated by the Japanese government. F4 Star floor can reach the formaldehyde emission close to that of solid wood. Most domestic flooring manufacturers have some difficulties in production and have not yet joined the national standards of China. Therefore, this grade of flooring must be certified by the General Administration of Quality Supervision of China and the National Standards Committee of China. After receiving the application from the manufacturer, the above-mentioned units will undergo long-term inspection and testing, and then be certified and recognized after reaching the standard, and then be listed and sold in China according to the standard of F4 Star flooring. Comparison between F4 star floor and E 1 E0 detection methods;

Solid wood composite wood floor:

Solid wood composite flooring can be divided into three types: three-layer solid wood composite flooring, multi-layer solid wood composite flooring and new solid wood composite flooring. Because it is made of staggered laminated boards of different tree species, it overcomes the shortcomings of one-way solid wood flooring, with small shrinkage and wet expansion rate, good dimensional stability, and retains the natural wood grain and comfortable foot feeling of solid wood flooring. Suitable for consumers who like the natural beauty of solid wood flooring and are afraid of the instability of solid wood flooring.

Solid wood composite flooring is a new type of solid wood composite flooring, which integrates the stability and aesthetics of solid wood flooring, and has environmental protection advantages and high performance value. It should be the development trend of wood flooring industry.

The environmental protection grade of solid wood composite flooring is the same as that of laminate flooring, which is divided into E 1 and E0. Because the market price is between reinforced and solid wood price, the cost of environmental E0 will be close to the price of solid wood floor, so the market is dominated by environmental protection E 1 grade. However, in order to sell goods, merchants often keep their mouths shut about environmental protection standards, saying that it is solid wood, which is a mixed concept.

Other standards of solid wood composite flooring are the same as those of solid wood flooring. Everybody do a good job of identification.

Bamboo floor:

It is a floor made of bamboo after treatment, which not only has the natural beauty of natural materials, but also has the advantages of wear resistance, durability, moth resistance and earthquake resistance. Bamboo flooring is warm in winter and cool in summer, moisture-proof and wear-resistant, and easy to use, especially it can reduce the use of wood and play a role in protecting the environment. According to the structure, bamboo flooring can be divided into lamination, vertical pressure and I-shaped pressure. These manufacturing methods are the same as laminate flooring, and are divided into E 1 and E0. Other standards are the same as solid wood flooring.

Cork flooring:

Cork is the protective layer of China oak, namely bark, commonly known as Quercus variabilis. The thickness of cork is generally 4.5 mm, and high-quality cork can reach 8.9 mm Compared with solid wood flooring, cork flooring has better environmental protection and moisture resistance.

There are three main types of cork flooring:

① Pure cork floor. The thickness is 4 or 5 mm, which is rough and primitive in terms of pattern and color, and there is no fixed pattern. Its biggest feature is that it is made of pure cork, and its installation adopts adhesive type, that is, it is directly attached to the ground with special glue. The construction technology is more complicated, and the requirements for the flatness of the ground are higher.

② Cork silent floor. It is a combination of cork and laminate flooring. It adds a layer of cork of about 2mm to the bottom of the common reinforced floor, and the thickness can reach13.4mm. When people walk on it, the cork at the bottom can absorb part of the sound and play the role of silencing.

③ Cork floor. Seen from the cross section, there are three layers, the surface layer and the bottom layer are refined from natural cork, and the middle layer is sandwiched with a locked HDF board, the thickness of which can reach11.8 mm. The surface layer and the bottom layer are specially treated, which have both elasticity and strength, and the flexibility is consistent with that of HDF board, which greatly enhances the stability of this floor. The cork inside and outside can achieve a good mute effect. The surface cork is also coated with special high-grade flexible paint, which can not only reflect the texture of cork, but also play a very good protective role. At the same time, this kind of floor adopts locking technology, which fully ensures the tightness and smoothness of floor splicing, and can be directly paved by hanging. It is hot in summer, so we should pay attention to the heatstroke prevention and cooling of wooden floors. Sunlight should be avoided. If the sun can shine directly on the floor, it is recommended that the owner draw the curtains and carry out proper maintenance. Today, we will take a look at several places that should be paid attention to in floor sun protection.

First, the summer floor heatstroke prevention and cooling

Air conditioning has the function of cooling and dehumidification. If the air outlet always blows in one place, it is easy to cause shrinkage cracks in the floor. Therefore, when using air conditioning in summer, it is best to let the air outlet swing instead of blowing in one direction. In addition, the door is also a tuyere, which is very dry. Experienced installers will seal wax at the closing place to prevent water loss in the board and avoid necking. Owners can also wipe these floors with wet cloth to avoid being too dry.

In addition, some owners have not lived for a long time after renovation, and they are not ventilated, nor do they spread newspapers and plastic paper on the floor to prevent dust, which is quite wrong. Due to long-term lack of ventilation, in a closed environment, the floor is easy to deform and shrink, and once the time is too long, the poor quality reinforced floor, most solid wood floors, is difficult to recover, so the losses caused can not be ignored. Therefore, if you don't live for a long time after renovation, it is recommended that the owner ventilate the house regularly and let the floor "breathe" fresh air. Myth 1: The abrasion resistance of the floor can be measured with one key.

When more than one salesman showed the high quality decorative surface of his own brand floor, he chose to draw back and forth on the floor with a key, and then pointed out to reporters that there was no trace on the floor. Some salespeople write on the floor surface with a marker pen and then wipe it off easily with a rag to prove that the board has good stain resistance.

Expert analysis: there are clear requirements for the wear resistance and contamination resistance of the board in the national standard. Experts said that the demonstration made by the salesman is actually the minimum performance that the surface of the plate should have, which cannot explain the problem. Because in actual detection, the detection means and conditions are much stricter.

Myth 2: the floor is still imported.

When many consumers buy wooden floors, they will struggle to choose domestic or imported plates, and some salesmen will spare no effort to promote imported plates: "Imported plates have the best environmental protection performance." The price of imported board is 20%- 100% higher than that of domestic board.

Expert analysis: Experts believe that, in terms of quality, the products of domestic large-scale flooring enterprises are not worse than some imported floors, and all the boards that meet the national standards should pass the test in terms of environmental protection performance and service performance. If we compare the foreign environmental protection grade E 1 with the domestic E0 grade, it is not as good as the EO grade! It can only be said that some exporting countries have a high level of quality control and relatively stable product quality. But at least it meets Chinese national standards, otherwise it will not be sold in China. He said that consumers should not be too superstitious and make choices according to their own economic ability.

Myth 3: Geothermal energy should be used exclusively, even the wooden floor is not suitable.

In fact, this is a big misunderstanding. Wood floor is slow in heat conduction, but it is also an advantage. Suitable for the elderly and children, but once the temperature comes up, it is no different from ceramic tiles.

The main problems of wood floor floor heating are:

Floor environmental protection-high temperature releases harmful substances. The higher the environmental protection level, the better. At this point, the solid wood floor is quite polished, and the E0 and F4 stars of other floors are good choices.

The floor is stable-under the drastic change of temperature difference, the more stable the better. Multi-layer solid wood and laminate flooring are good, and solid wood can also be specially processed.

Installation of floor heating-Some merchants choose to add aluminum foil to the floor heating to pave the floor mat, saying that it is to conduct heat quickly. This is a misunderstanding! This will make the floor heat up more slowly! Have you all seen outdoor water pipes that prevent freezing in winter? There is a layer of aluminum foil, which is very insulating. The first step of floor heating construction is to lay an aluminum foil insulation layer (the same as the aluminum foil moisture-proof mat on the floor), and then lay a hot water pipe on it, just to prevent heat from losing to the bottom. It will be troublesome to lay it on it again, hehe! !

Myth 4: Three layers of solid wood are better than multiple layers.

Multi-layer solid wood composite floor and three-layer solid wood composite floor are both solid wood composite floors, which are made of different kinds of solid wood veneers or panels by high temperature hot pressing with environmentally friendly adhesive. Among them, the three-layer solid wood composite floor is made of three layers of solid wood veneer interwoven. Multi-layers are stacked on top of each other. The quality of wood depends on the thickness of the surface wood. The three layers are not necessarily thicker than the multi-layers, and the multi-layers also reach 2MM. Stability, three-layer also has some disadvantages, such as higher cracking rate than multi-layer, but if the cost is compared, the small-sized board is almost the same, and if the size is large, three-layer board will be saved. Because the multi-layer is rotary cutting, the large-size slicing rate is low. As for environmental protection, it depends on what level he has reached. If the environmental protection level is the same, there is no need to compare. It is the same.

Myth 5: the difference between German technology, German equipment and German manufacturing (for laminate flooring);

All laminate flooring can be called German technology, because laminate flooring originated in Germany. Germany is also a major manufacturer and equipment supplier of laminate flooring. Of course, all floors are products of German technology. China has 65,438+000% laminate flooring factory, which can be called German technical manufacturing.

German equipment, that is to say, machinery and equipment made by German companies in China, is partly or partly used to produce floors, and 90% of factories in China can be called German equipment.

Imported from Germany, the way to illustrate this point is that every floor should have the logo of madeinGermany on the back, not Germanyteach or anything else, and it should also be on the packing box, and there should also be the import list and test report provided by the customs (generally imported manufacturers can provide it, if not, it is a fake), but even imported floors can only show that their products meet the requirements of China's national standards. As for the higher standard, it depends on his standard level.

Matters needing attention and skills in purchasing solid wood flooring

1, never buy a colored floor:

A large number of colored floors are flooding the market, which is the unhealthy reason of China's flooring industry. First, we fight for the price, and there is no profit, and then we work hard on the quality of the floor. First, they fill the first-class boards with first-class boards, or add 1/3 first-class boards to two-thirds of the first-class boards. Because the first-class board has wormholes, two colors and white edges, it is scarred. They only color the board, and when they are finished, they also color the notch and the back, so that you can't see that this is a colored board, with small color difference and beautiful board. However, after the colored floor is paved, after a little time, various problems such as cracking and paint explosion will occur because of the plate repair. And if you polish it, your floor will fall off because of the added color. Have you seen the facial makeup of Beijing Opera?

2. Pay attention to the notch and thickness when buying the floor:

These two points are also important. As we all know, the standard thickness of the floor should be 18mm, but there are many floors with 17.5mm on the market, but I'm not saying that a loss of 0.5mm will affect the floor effect. The key point is that most of the floors of 17.5mm are not thick enough, and most of the curved floors are not dry or the stress problem is not solved. Its problems will appear after laying, such as bulging and wrinkling. And slot length is another way for manufacturers to cut corners. Because the floor space is calculated by the width and length of the panel, the shorter the slot of the manufacturer, the wider its panel will be, so that he will reduce the cost invisibly, and when he does this, it will cause damage to consumers. The groove of the floor is short, which is easy to produce noise, and the floor will squeak when stepped on. The ways to avoid the above two deceptive tricks are as follows: first, look at the floor with your eyes to see whether the texture of the floor is clear and whether there is normal color difference, and then let the manufacturer explain whether it is a color plate (color plate) on the purchase order. When you go back to install, saw the floor and painted the side with water to see if the primary colors of the board are consistent. If there is a big difference, it is a color board. Regarding the gap, the national standard is 3.5mm~4mm ~ 4 mm ~ 4 mm. You can measure it. If not, you can put two boards together, hold one, and hang the other at a 45-degree inclination to see if the other one will fall. If there is, it is likely that the notch length is not enough. In addition, when splicing, be careful of the floor with too tight notches, because some manufacturers deliberately make the notches tight to prevent the plates from falling off, and there is a certain gap in the normal notches.

3, pay attention to the difference between paint:

There are roughly two kinds of coatings on the floor market: pu paint and uv paint. Be sure to ask about the kind of paint when you buy the floor. Don't buy pu painted floors. This is very environmentally unfriendly. Its benzene and formaldehyde emissions are high, and its paint life is short. It has long been banned in European and American countries. As for uv paint, there are two kinds, one is ordinary smooth flow coating uv paint, and the other is roller coating uv paint (super wear-resistant paint promoted by some factories). Flow coating of uv paint requires frequent waxing, and the life of paint surface is generally 2 ~ 3 years (calculated by great degradation). Roller coating is just another process of uv paint, which is generally matte and has pits on the surface. For super wear-resistant coatings, alumina powder is usually added to the coatings.

4, identify the floor name:

For example, teak, as we all know, is a kind of valuable wood, but in order to make money, manufacturers have added many similar names, such as teak king (in fact, teak), Brazilian teak (in fact, jatoba) and so on. In fact, they have nothing to do with teak at all, and they are far from precious and stable, but their colors and patterns are slightly similar. The following are the scientific and English names of some rare trees (not used for ordinary trees). Teak (teak), produced in Myanmar and Thailand; Maple trees (Canadian maple and maple) are produced in Europe and Canada; Rosewood (cajanus cajan); Oak is produced in Europe; The origin of cherry is the United States and Canada, and it is recognized as a precious tree species all over the world. Of course, some manufacturers have given their boards flashy names, such as pastoral maple and Aegean red cherry. There's only one way. Write down the origin and scientific name of wood clearly, accuse him of cheating and punish him at least twice.

5, correctly identify the floor life and cost performance:

1) laminate flooring

Manufacturers generally publicize that the quality guarantee is 10 ~ 15, and I have even seen a lifetime warranty. In fact, the life of laminate flooring mainly depends on the quality of surface wear-resistant layer and substrate. If you choose a better wear-resistant layer, the water resistance of the substrate is also better, and it is no problem to use it at home for more than 20 years. The price is chaotic, ranging from a minimum of more than ten yuan to a maximum of more than 500 yuan. Mainly environmental protection performance, wear resistance, flame retardant performance and water absorption and expansion performance, which are determined by the price difference. In addition to the above high performance, some high-grade laminate flooring will also cause price differences in color and surface treatment, such as synchronous grain, hand-grasping grain, pearl surface, mirror luster and artistic treatment.

2) Multi-layer solid wood composite floor

The environmental performance of multi-layer solid wood is almost the same as that of laminate flooring, which belongs to the same grade in Europe, but it feels more like solid wood flooring. But because it is made of plywood and veneer, environmental protection is difficult to control. As for the service life, it is the shortest among all floor varieties, and some even do not exceed 1 year, depending on the surface paint. If the paint surface is broken, you can tear down the floor. It has not been repaired, and the surface layer on the market is 2mm. The price of multilayer solid wood composite is generally between 150-600 yuan, and it may be cheaper. Imported multi-layer solid wood is a little more expensive, most of the products are made in Japan, the resources are too poor and the environmental protection concept is excellent. The surface layer of the floor is 0.6mm, and the labor in Japan is expensive, so the floor price is naturally higher.

3) Solid wood floor

The price of solid wood flooring is low enough in the market. As long as you pay attention to the paint, notches and specifications I bought before, there is basically no big problem, but be careful when buying light-colored floors. Light-colored floor has many unstable materials, such as balao, Milk Sang Mu and Bafu Yunxiang (ivory wood), which are prone to problems. In addition, the properties of Cinnamomum camphora and oil nutmeg are also questionable. Ask the Consumers Association. These are all complaints. In order to reduce competition and pursue profits, some manufacturers have developed many floors that are not suitable for wood. For example, many African wood products have good names, such as African black walnut and African teak (all linked to high-quality wood products). Originally, these wood products were low in price and poor in quality (African wood products are so boring and rough in nature), but you can't compare them. I suggest you treat these remote wood products with caution. Three-layer solid wood flooring is the latest flooring product, which was once all the rage. In fact, there is no difference between three-layer solid wood and multi-layer solid wood in essence, except that a broken poplar or pine stick is replaced in the middle. The environmental protection level is mostly E 1. As for saying that environmental protection is better than multi-layer, it is purely a misunderstanding.

8. Where to buy plates and which to decorate:

The best way to avoid quarrels between builders and flooring suppliers. Consumers are always weak. Think about it. You are in the high temperature of 38 degrees, watching your decoration company and the flooring vendor blame each other, but you can't confirm whose fault it is. Remember, just one opponent is enough. With this method, at least you can confirm who to go to court, who you have to talk to when you have drawn your sword.

9. About after-sales disputes:

When disputes arise, remember the role of the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. 3. 15 Complaining is generally the most effective way. Do things by the book and never lose!