September 9th, Double Ninth Festival. What's the story? Who can tell me about it? thank you

The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the traditional Double Ninth Festival. Because in the ancient Book of Changes, "six" was defined as yin number, and "nine" was defined as yang number. On September 9, the sun and the moon combined with yang, and 29 was the most important, so it was called Chongyang, also called Chongyang. The ancients thought it was an auspicious day to celebrate, and this festival was celebrated from a very young age. The activities to celebrate the Double Ninth Festival are colorful and romantic, which generally include sightseeing, climbing high and looking far, enjoying chrysanthemums, eating double ninth festival cakes, drinking chrysanthemum wine and other activities. Double Ninth Festival, because it is homophonic with "long", and nine is the largest number in the number, which means long life. Moreover, autumn is also the golden season of harvest in a year, and the Double Ninth Festival has far-reaching influence. People have always had special feelings for this festival. There are many excellent poems in Tang poetry and Song poetry to congratulate the Double Ninth Festival and chant chrysanthemums. Today's Double Ninth Festival has been given a new meaning. 1989, China designated September 9th as the festival for the elderly, skillfully combining tradition with modernity, and becoming a festival to respect, care for and help the elderly. At this time, organs, organizations and streets all over the country often organize retired old people to enjoy the scenery in autumn, or play near the water, or climb mountains to keep fit, so that their bodies and minds can be bathed in the embrace of nature; The younger generation of many families will also help the elderly to go to the suburbs or prepare some delicious food for the elderly. The origin of the Double Ninth Festival is the Double Ninth Festival, which was mentioned as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Qu Yuan's Journey wrote: "Set Chongyang into the Emperor's Palace and see the capital of Qing Dynasty ten days later." The "Double Ninth Festival" here refers to the sky, not just festivals. In Nine Days Zhong You written by Cao Pi, Wei Wendi in the Three Kingdoms period, it was clearly written that the Double Ninth Festival: "From the year to the month, I suddenly returned to September 9. Nine is the number of yang, and the sun and the moon coincide. It is well known and considered suitable for a long time, so it is a feast. " Tao Yuanming, a scholar in Jin Dynasty, said in the preface to the poem "Idle for Nine Days": "I am idle and love the name of Nine. Autumn chrysanthemums are full of gardens, but they are sad, empty for Jiuhua, and precious words are like gold. " Chrysanthemum and wine are mentioned here at the same time. Probably in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there was a custom of drinking and enjoying chrysanthemums on the Double Ninth Festival. In the Tang Dynasty, Chongyang was officially designated as a folk festival. In the Ming Dynasty, on the Double Ninth Festival in September, the palace would eat flower cakes together to celebrate, and the emperor would personally climb the Long Live Mountain to celebrate his autumn ambition. This custom has been passed down to the Qing Dynasty. According to the legend of the Double Ninth Festival, Wu Junzhi, a Southern Dynasty man, wrote in the Biography of Continuation of Qi and Harmony: According to legend, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a man named Huan Jing in runan county who suddenly got a great plague, and his parents died of illness, so he went to learn from a teacher, and the fairy Fei Changfang gave Huan Jing a dragon sword to subdue evil spirits. Huan Jing gets up early and goes to bed late, wears a Dai Yue, studies hard and practices hard. One day, Fei Changfang said, "On September 9, the plague will come again, so you can go back and kill pests." And gave him a bag of dogwood leaves and a bottle of chrysanthemum wine, so that the elders in their hometown could climb high to avoid disaster. So he left and went back to his hometown. On September 9, he led his wife, children and fellow villagers to a nearby mountain. Take the leaves of Cornus officinalis to everyone, but the plague demon is afraid to go near. Then pour out the chrysanthemum wine, and everyone took a sip to avoid catching the plague. He fought the plague demon and finally killed it. Up to now, people on both sides of the Ruhe River are still telling stories about climbing mountains to avoid disasters and waving swords and stabbing demons on September 9. Since then, people celebrate the Double Ninth Festival and have the custom of climbing mountains on the Double Ninth Festival. Many important books, such as Beginners in the Tang Dynasty and Taiping Yu Lan in the Song Dynasty, all recounted this story in Wu Jun's "Continuation of Qi and Harmony of Things", arguing that the custom of women tying dogwood bags on their arms to ward off evil spirits and avoid disasters came from this. Like most traditional festivals, the Double Ninth Festival has ancient legends. According to legend, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a plague demon in Ruhe. As soon as it appeared, people in every household fell ill and died every day, and people in this area were ravaged by plague demons. A plague killed the parents of the teenager Hengjing, and he almost died of illness himself. After he recovered from his illness, he bid farewell to his beloved wife and fellow villagers and decided to go abroad to study fairy arts to rid the people of the plague. Heng Jing visited teachers everywhere and famous scholars all over the world. Finally, he found an oldest mountain in the east. There is a miraculous fairy on the mountain. Under the guidance of the crane, Hengjing finally found the mountain and the immortal with magical power. The immortal was moved by his spirit, and finally took in Heng Jing, taught him the sword to subdue the demon, and gave him a sword to subdue the demon. Hengjing forgot to eat, sleep and practice hard, and finally became an extraordinary martial art. On this day, the immortal called Heng Jing to his side and said, "Tomorrow is the ninth day of September, and the plague god will come out to do evil again. When you learn the skill, you should go back and kill the people. " Xianchang gave Hengjing a pack of dogwood leaves and a cup of chrysanthemum wine, and secretly taught him how to ward off evil spirits and let Hengjing ride a crane home. Hengjing returned to his hometown. On the morning of the ninth day of September, according to the fairy's instructions, he led the villagers to a nearby mountain and gave everyone a dogwood leaf and a cup of chrysanthemum wine to prepare for subduing the evil spirits. At noon, with several strange calls, Mo Wen rushed out of the Ruhe River, but just as Mo Wen jumped down the mountain, he suddenly smelled the strange fragrance of Cornus officinalis and the alcohol smell of Chrysanthemum, and his face suddenly changed. At this time, Heng Jing chased Mo Wen down the mountain with a demon sword in his hand, and stabbed him to death in a few rounds. Since then, the custom of climbing mountains on the ninth day of September to avoid epidemics has been handed down year after year. Wu Yun, a native of A Liang, recorded this point in his book Qi and He Xu. The original text is as follows: Runan Huanjing and Fei Changfang traveled together for many years. Chang Fang said, "On September 9, there will be disaster in your home. It is advisable to leave in a hurry and let the family make their own crimson bags, hold dogwood, tie their arms, and climb high to drink chrysanthemum wine. This disaster can be eliminated. " Picturesque scenery, family climbing mountains. The same is true at night, when chickens, dogs, cattle and sheep suddenly die. The eldest room listened: "This can be exchanged." Today, people climb mountains and drink on the 9th, and women take the bag of Cornus officinalis, so the cover begins here. Later, people regarded the custom of climbing on the Double Ninth Festival as an activity to avoid disasters. In addition, in the traditional concept of people in the Central Plains, the Double Ninth Festival still means longevity, health and longevity, so the Double Ninth Festival was later established as the festival for the elderly. Gan Bao's "Sou Shen Ji" says: There is a man in Quanjiao County of Huainan who married Xie Jia in the same county. Because Xie Jia is a rich boy, her mother-in-law is cruel, cruel and abusive, forcing her to do heavy housework and often being scolded and beaten. Shi Ding finally couldn't bear it, and hanged himself on the Double Ninth Festival. After his death, he hugged Wu Zhu tightly and said, "A wife works hard every day and can't rest. Please don't let your husband's family work again on the Double Ninth Festival. " Therefore, Jiangnan people give women a rest every year on the Double Ninth Festival, which is called "rest day". This woman named Shi Ding built a shrine for offering sacrifices, named Dinggu Temple. After the Double Ninth Festival, parents will take their married daughters home to eat flower cakes. In the Ming Dynasty, the Double Ninth Festival was even called "Daughter's Day". Liu Hanxin's Miscellaneous Notes on Xijing records that after killing Mrs. Qi, the beloved concubine of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, Mrs. Qi's maid Jia was also expelled from the palace and married Duan Ru, a man who helped the wind. When chatting, she mentioned that when she was in the imperial court, she wore dogwood, ate tent bait and drank chrysanthemum wine every September 9 to ward off evil spirits and prolong life. Shen Quanqi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote the poem "Nine-Day Pavilion Night Banquet Should Be Long": "Wei Jurui, a gift to the capsule ... celebrates the ninth anniversary every year, and the sun and the moon are long". Wang Bo Biography of Old Tang Dynasty records that Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting was written on the Double Ninth Festival. At that time, Wang Bo's father served as the Toe Cross, and Wang Bo went to visit his father. On September 9th, when I visited Nanchang, Taoist Yan of Hongzhou hosted a banquet for the guests and their subordinates in the rebuilding museum. He wanted to show off the talent of his son-in-law Wu, so he took out a pen and paper in advance and invited the guests to write a preface. All the guests knew his intentions, and no one dared to do so. Unexpectedly, Wang Bo didn't know Zhou's intention in advance, so he picked up a pen and paper without humility. Zhou Mu was very angry at first, and immediately sent someone to watch Wang Bo's writing. Who knows that Wang Bo is brilliant, and his long-accumulated emotions are completely vented. The more articles he writes, the better. When he wrote down the words "The sunset is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn water is * * * the sky is one color", he couldn't help but marvel! From then on, Wang Bo became famous in the field of poetry. In addition to the above common customs, there are some unique festivals in various places. In the official harvest season of the Double Ninth Festival in northern Shaanxi, there is a song that says: "In September, there will be nine Double Ninth Festival, so autumn harvest is busy. Xiaomi, Xiaomi, go up and up. " The Double Ninth Festival in northern Shaanxi is in the evening, and one day is a whole day of harvesting and threshing. In the evening, in the treetops, people like to eat buckwheat noodles and instant-boiled mutton. After dinner, people go out of their homes in twos and threes, climb the nearby hills, light a fire and talk about everything until the cock crows. When climbing mountains at night, many people will pick some wild chrysanthemums and put them on their daughters' heads to ward off evil spirits. In Puxian, Fujian, people follow the ancient custom of steaming nine layers of Chongyang rice fruit. In ancient China, there was a custom of "eating bait" on Double Ninth Festival, which is today's cake and rice fruit. Jade Candle Collection in Song Dynasty said: "Those who drink chrysanthemum wine after the ninth eclipse will harvest millet and glutinous rice at that time, and taste new things because of their sticky taste, thus becoming a habit." Song Zuqian, a poet of Puxian in the early Qing Dynasty, said in "Nine Songs of Fujian": "When you smell the festival near Chongyang, you are shocked to hear the wild incense, and you can pick up the wild incense with your hand basket. The jade pestle is smashed into green powder and the pearl is called Langwei. " Since modern times, people have transformed rice fruit into a unique nine-fold rice fruit. Wash high-quality late rice with clear water, soak it for 2 hours, take it out and drain it, mix it with water and grind it into slurry, add alum (dissolved in water) and stir, add brown sugar (boiled with water to make a thick sugar solution), then put it on a steamer, spread a clean cooking cloth, then scoop in rice slurry for nine times, steam for a few minutes and cook it out, and coat peanut oil on the rice noodles. This rice fruit is divided into nine layers, which can be uncovered and cut into water chestnuts. Four sides are distinct and translucent. It is sweet, soft and delicious, and it doesn't stick to teeth. Respect for the elderly is the best gift for Chongyang. In some places, people also have the opportunity to climb mountains, sweep graves and commemorate their ancestors in Chongyang. People in Puxian worship ancestors more than Qingming, so there is a saying that it is small in March and big in September. Due to the coastal area of Puxian, the ninth day of September is also the anniversary of Mazu's ascension to heaven. Villagers often go to the Tianhou Palace and the Palace Temple in Mazu Tempel or Meizhou to pray. After the founding of New China, the activities of the Double Ninth Festival have enriched new contents. 1989, China double ninth festival was designated as the festival for the elderly. On this first day, all localities should organize the elderly to climb mountains and have an autumn outing, broaden their horizons, exchange feelings and exercise, and cultivate people's noble character of returning to nature and loving the motherland. On September 9th in Xianghe County, Hebei Province, families with in-laws will give gifts to each other, which is called "chasing festivals". The sunny and rainy days in Yongping House will be dominated by Chongyang weather. If it rains on the Double Ninth Festival, it will rain these days. Children in qingfeng county play with paper kites on the Double Ninth Festival. There are no mountains in Zhou Dian County, and there are more people climbing the stairs in the county than in the Double Ninth Festival. People in the north of Changyi, Shandong Province eat spicy radish soup on the Double Ninth Festival. There is a proverb: "After drinking radish soup, the whole family is not bitter." Juancheng people call the Double Ninth Festival the birthday of the God of Wealth, and every household bakes cakes to offer sacrifices to the God of Wealth. Zou Ping offered a sacrifice to Fan Zhongyan in Chongyang. In the old days, dyehouses and restaurants also offered sacrifices to the gods on September 9th. Tengxian's daughter has been married for less than three years and avoids going back to her parents' home for the holidays. There is a saying that "if you go home to Chongyang, you will kill your mother-in-law." On the Double Ninth Festival in Xixiang County, Shaanxi Province, relatives and friends presented chrysanthemums and chrysanthemum cakes. Literati appreciate poetry and wine. It is said that on this day, women can learn from the mouth of Cornus officinalis and cure their distress. On the Double Ninth Festival in Jiangsu, Nanjing people cut the five-color paper into an inclined plane and inserted it into the court as a flag. Eat a kind of pasta called "camel hoof" at the Double Ninth Festival in Changzhou County. The Chrysanthemum Festival held in Shanghai Yuyuan Garden was judged by three grades: novelty, nobility and rarity. Eat Chongyang cake and Jiupin soup at the Double Ninth Festival in Wuxi County. Visiting each other on the Double Ninth Festival in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, relatives and friends cry and worship the spirits only when there is a funeral. On September 9, Tonglu County prepared pigs and sheep as ancestors, which was called autumn festival. At the same time, zongzi are tied up and given to each other on the Double Ninth Festival, which is called Chongyang Zongzi. On September 9, Dexing County, Jiangxi Province was harvesting late rice. Tongling County, Anhui Province takes the ninth Double Ninth Festival as the Dragon and Candle Festival to welcome the mountain gods. Chopping bamboo and horses for fun is said to drive away the plague. Wuchang County, Hubei Province, Double Ninth Festival brewing. It is said that the wine brewed here is the clearest and will not go bad after a long time. The Double Ninth Festival in Yingcheng County is a wishing day, and even every household worships the God of Fangshe Tianzu on this day. In Changting County, Fujian Province, the edamame Festival is called the edamame Festival. Flying kites in the Double Ninth Festival in Haicheng County is a game, which is called "Wind Chak". In Chongyang, Lianchuan, Guangdong, all the boys and girls gathered outside the city to sing songs for the whole state to watch. Nanxiong House invited maoshan taoist to set up the Empress Dowager Club on September 9th, and all young women who want to have children will come to attend. On the Double Ninth Festival in Yangjiang County, a paper kite with a rattan bow is placed, which is very loud in mid-air. People in Lingao County get up early on the Double Ninth Festival, and everyone shouts "Catch Bobcats" in unison, which is a good sign of peace and prosperity. In Huaiji County, Guangxi, Chongyang is regarded as the enlightenment day of Yuan Di. Men, women and children came out of the city, and they all competed with God with cannons. On September 9th in Longan County, cattle and sheep were allowed to feed on their own. As the saying goes, "on September 9, cattle and sheep will keep their food." On this day, scholars from Nanxi County, Sichuan Province gathered at Censhan Building in Longteng Mountain to commemorate the poet Cen Can, which was called Cen Guild Hall. According to the old folk custom, glutinous rice should be used to steam wine before and after Chongyang to make mash. As the saying goes, "steamed wine on the Double Ninth Festival is sweet and delicious". The custom of the Double Ninth Festival is crisp in autumn and fragrant osmanthus. On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, the Double Ninth Festival is full of activities and fun, including climbing mountains, enjoying chrysanthemums, drinking chrysanthemum wine, eating double ninth cake and inserting dogwood. Climbing high in ancient times, people had the custom of climbing high in Chongyang, so the Double Ninth Festival is also called "Climbing High Festival". According to legend, this custom began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. There are many climbing poems written by scholars in the Tang Dynasty, most of which are the custom of writing the Double Ninth Festival. Du Fu's Seven Laws "Ascending the Mountain" is a famous article about climbing the mountain in Chongyang. There is no uniform rule for climbing mountains. Generally, we climb mountains and towers. There is also the custom of eating "Chongyang cake". According to historical records, Chongyang cake is also called flower cake, chrysanthemum cake and five-color cake. It was the original intention of the ancients to make cakes at dawn on September 9. The child put a cake on his head and said a word in his mouth, wishing the child all the best. Exquisite Chongyang cake should be made into nine layers, like a pagoda, with two lambs on it, which conforms to the meaning of Chongyang (sheep). Some people even put red paper flags on Chongyang cakes and light candles. This probably means "lighting a lamp" and "eating cakes" instead of "climbing", and using a red paper flag instead of dogwood. At present, there is still no fixed variety of Chongyang cake, and the soft cakes eaten around Chongyang Festival are called Chongyang cakes. Watching chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine The Double Ninth Festival is the golden autumn season of the year, and chrysanthemums are in full bloom. It is said that watching chrysanthemums and drinking chrysanthemum wine originated from Tao Yuanming, a great poet in Jin Dynasty. Tao Yuanming is famous for his seclusion, his poems, his wine and his love for chrysanthemums. Later generations have followed suit, so Chongyang has the custom of enjoying chrysanthemums. In the old days, literati and officialdom also combined chrysanthemum appreciation with banquets in order to get close to Tao Yuanming. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng was the capital, and chrysanthemum appreciation on Chongyang was popular. At that time, there were many varieties and shapes of chrysanthemums. People also call September of the lunar calendar "Chrysanthemum Month". On the Double Ninth Festival, when chrysanthemums are in full bloom in Ao Shuang, watching chrysanthemums has become an important part of the festival. After the Qing dynasty, the habit of enjoying chrysanthemums was particularly prosperous, and it was not limited to September 9, but it was the most prosperous around the Double Ninth Festival. The custom of inserting dogwood and chrysanthemum in dogwood on the Double Ninth Festival has been very common in the Tang Dynasty. The ancients thought that inserting Evodia rutaecarpa on the Double Ninth Festival could take refuge and eliminate disasters. Or wear it on your arm, or make a sachet and put it in it, or wear it on your head. Most of them are worn by women and children, and in some places, men also wear them. Ge Hong's Miscellanies of the Western Classics in the Jin Dynasty recorded that Kaunus participated in the Double Ninth Festival. Besides wearing dogwood, people also wear chrysanthemums. This happened in the Tang Dynasty and has been popular since ancient times. In the Qing Dynasty, the custom of Beijing Double Ninth Festival was to stick chrysanthemum branches and leaves on doors and windows, "to get rid of evil and filth, and to make money into treasure". This is the vulgarization of the chrysanthemum on the head. In the Song Dynasty, some people cut ribbons into dogwood and chrysanthemum and gave them to each other. In addition to the above common customs, there are some unique festivals in various places. In the official harvest season of the Double Ninth Festival in northern Shaanxi, there is a song that says: "In September, there will be nine Double Ninth Festival, so autumn harvest is busy. Xiaomi, Xiaomi, go up and up. " The Double Ninth Festival in northern Shaanxi is in the evening, and one day is a whole day of harvesting and threshing. In the evening, in the treetops, people like to eat buckwheat noodles and instant-boiled mutton. After dinner, people go out of their homes in twos and threes, climb the nearby hills, light a fire and talk about everything until the cock crows. When climbing mountains at night, many people will pick some wild chrysanthemums and put them on their daughters' heads to ward off evil spirits. In Puxian, Fujian, people follow the ancient custom of steaming nine layers of Chongyang rice fruit. In ancient China, there was a custom of "eating bait" on Double Ninth Festival, which is today's cake and rice fruit. Jade Candle Collection in Song Dynasty said: "Those who drink chrysanthemum wine after the ninth eclipse will harvest millet and glutinous rice at that time, and taste new things because of their sticky taste, thus becoming a habit." Song Zuqian, a poet of Puxian in the early Qing Dynasty, said in "Nine Songs of Fujian": "When you smell the festival near Chongyang, you are shocked to hear the wild incense, and you can pick up the wild incense with your hand basket. The jade pestle is smashed into green powder and the pearl is called Langwei. " Since modern times, people have transformed rice fruit into a unique nine-fold rice fruit. Wash high-quality late rice with clear water, soak it for 2 hours, take it out and drain it, mix it with water and grind it into slurry, add alum (dissolved in water) and stir, add brown sugar (boiled with water to make a thick sugar solution), then put it on a steamer, spread a clean cooking cloth, then scoop in rice slurry for nine times, steam for a few minutes and cook it out, and coat peanut oil on the rice noodles. This rice fruit is divided into nine layers, which can be uncovered and cut into water chestnuts. Four sides are distinct and translucent. It is sweet, soft and delicious, and it doesn't stick to teeth. Respect for the elderly is the best gift for Chongyang. In some places, people also have the opportunity to climb mountains, sweep graves and commemorate their ancestors in Chongyang. People in Puxian worship ancestors more than Qingming, so there is a saying that it is small in March and big in September. Due to the coastal area of Puxian, the ninth day of September is also the anniversary of Mazu's ascension to heaven. Villagers often go to the Tianhou Palace and the Palace Temple in Mazu Tempel or Meizhou to pray. After the founding of New China, the activities of the Double Ninth Festival have enriched new contents. 1989, China double ninth festival was designated as the festival for the elderly. On this first day, all localities should organize the elderly to climb mountains and have an autumn outing, broaden their horizons, exchange feelings and exercise, and cultivate people's noble character of returning to nature and loving the motherland.