How to memorize the territory and administrative divisions of China skillfully?

This part of knowledge has the characteristics of large quantity and low difficulty, and there are many things to remember. The probability that this part of knowledge will appear directly in the college entrance examination is very small. But it is the foothold of learning the outline, foundation and knowledge of the whole geography of China.

1. Location of China:

Hemisphere location: northern hemisphere, eastern hemisphere

Location of land and sea: East Asia, west coast of Pacific Ocean.

Latitude location: the north-south latitude is nearly 50, most of which is in temperate zone, and a small part of the south is in tropical zone, without frigid zone.

2. The territory of China:

(1) has a vast area with a land area of 9.6 million square kilometers (370,000 square kilometers of marine land and 3 million square kilometers of exclusive economic zone). It is the third largest country in the world after Russia and Canada.

(2) Territorial boundaries

Northernmost point: Heilongjiang main channel trunk line north of Mohe River in Heilongjiang Province.

The southernmost tip: near Zengmu shoal in Nansha Islands, South China Sea)

The easternmost point: the intersection of the middle line of Heilongjiang main channel and Wusuli River ([img, 45,21] many).

Westernmost point: near Pamir Plateau in Xinjiang.

With a latitude of about 5,500 kilometers from north to south and a longitude of about 5,000 kilometers from east to west, it is a country with a vast territory and remarkable differences in natural environment.

3. Borders and neighbouring countries

(1) Land border and neighboring countries:

China's land border is more than 20,000 kilometers long, and there are 14 land neighbors. From the mouth of Yalu River to the mouth of Beilun River, there are Korea, Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam (refer to the Atlas).

[Note] China recognized Sikkim as an Indian state in March 2004.

The region to which the names of neighboring countries belong.

Provinces adjacent to China

Geographical features

North Korea; South Korea

East Asia

Liaoning and Jilin

Peninsula countries

Russia

The adjacent part belongs to North Asia.

Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang

The largest country in the world.

Mongolia

East Asia

Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Xinjiang

land-locked country

Republic of Kazakhstan

Central Asia

Xinjiang

They are all landlocked and Kazakhstan is the largest landlocked country in the world.

Kyrgyzstan

Tajikistan

Afghanistan

west Asia

Xinjiang

Landlocked countries (current hot spots in the world)

Pakistan

South Asia

Xinjiang

This coastal country, adjacent to China, is Pakistani-controlled Kashmir.

India

South Asia

Xinjiang and Tibet

Coastal countries (major countries)

Nepal

South Asia

Xizang

Inland mountainous country, bounded by Himalayas and China, Mount Everest is located on the border between China and Nepal.

Bhutan

Myanmar (Southeast Asian countries)

Southeast Asia

Tibet, Yunnan

The coastal country, after the Nujiang River flows into Myanmar, is salween.

Laos

Southeast Asia

Yunnan province

The inland Lancang River flows into Myanmar and Laos, and then becomes the Mekong River.

Viet Nam

Southeast Asia

Yunnan and Guangxi

coast country

(2) Maritime boundaries and countries across the sea:

China has a coastline of 1.8 million kilometers. Students should understand the following concepts about China's maritime boundary:

Linhai: the sea area directly adjacent to the mainland. The coastal areas of China include Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, Pacific Ocean and South China Sea. It should be noted that the eastern part of the island of Taiwan Province Province in China is directly adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. The vast Pacific Ocean has brought a lot of water vapor to China, which has had a great and far-reaching impact on China's industrial and agricultural production, maritime traffic and marine resources development. )

Territorial sea: the extension of national territory at sea, which belongs to a part of national territory. The territorial sea ranges from the continental coast baseline to the sea area 12 nautical mile. The state exercises sovereignty over the territorial sea.

Inland Sea: If the marginal sea or strait completely belongs to the territorial waters of China, it is the inland sea of China. China's inland seas include Bohai Sea and Qiongzhou Strait.

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nautical miles from the continental coast baseline to the ocean. Countries belonging to the exclusive economic zone have the right to explore, develop, use, conserve and manage the natural resources of the seabed and subsoil and their overlying waters, and have the right to build and use artificial facilities, conduct scientific research and protect the environment. Other countries still enjoy freedom of navigation and overflight, and other uses related to these freedoms that are in line with international law (laying submarine cables, pipelines, etc.). ).

Straits: Taiwan Province Strait, Qiongzhou Strait and Bohai Strait.

Peninsula: China has Liaodong Peninsula, Shandong Peninsula and Leizhou Peninsula from north to south.

Islands: China is one of the countries with many islands in the world. 90% of the islands in China are located in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Taiwan Province Island, Hainan Island and Chongming Island are the first, second and third largest islands in China respectively. Zhoushan Archipelago, miaodao islands, Penghu Archipelago and Nanhai Archipelago are the four major archipelagos in China. Zhejiang Province has the largest number of islands in China.

Countries across the sea from China are: South Korea, Japan, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia.

[Note] Pay attention to "island disputes"

In the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea, the delimitation of China's exclusive economic zone and continental shelf with North Korea, South Korea and Japan has not been resolved, while the Diaoyu Islands in China are still occupied by Japan.

The situation in the South China Sea is more complicated. At present, in the South China Sea, exclusive economic zones of various countries overlap with each other, and China's maritime rights and interests are most seriously damaged.

At present, Japan is not only at war on the Diaoyu Islands issue in the East China Sea, but also its Maritime Self-Defense Force has gone abroad, conducted joint patrols and joint military exercises with ASEAN countries in the Straits of Malacca, and intervened in South China Sea affairs.

In recent years, India's military strategy has been adjusted to "control the Indian Ocean" as the center, and at the same time, it has begun to implement the "look east" policy. India stepped up the construction of an ocean-going navy and "eastward" into the South China Sea, holding joint military exercises with Vietnam and other countries, which made the surrounding areas quite uneasy.

4. Administrative divisions of China.

Three administrative regions: China has a vast territory. In order to facilitate administrative management, it is conducive to economic development and national unity. China's administrative regions are basically divided into provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and special administrative regions), counties (autonomous counties and cities) and townships (towns). There are 34 provincial administrative regions in China (including 23 provinces, 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government, 5 autonomous regions and Hongkong and Macao Special Administrative Regions).

[Note] This is the difficulty in our study. Students are advised to master the names, locations, sizes, outline features, abbreviations and cities where provincial capitals are located of 34 provincial administrative units. By watching TV (weather forecast), newspapers and periodicals, read more maps, and do more mapping exercises and puzzles.