What is ecological agriculture?

The term "ecological agriculture" recognized by academic circles was first put forward by American soil scientist Ablerche, who put forward this concept in 1970. In China, 1982 put forward the concept of "ecological agriculture" at the national eco-economic seminar held in Yinchuan, Ningxia. Experts in the industry believe that ecological agriculture, as a modern agricultural development model, should be based on the principles of ecology and ecological economics, and comprehensively apply modern management means and advanced scientific and technological means to traditional agriculture in order to obtain higher social, economic and ecological benefits.

Linus carl pauling, who won the Nobel Prize twice and was called the Grinch of Science, said in the last century: "Every disease and every pain can be traced back to the lack of minerals." Most of the problems we encounter today begin with the food grown in the land lacking minerals and the animals that eat these foods.

Soil minerals, formed by weathering of rocks, are the main substances of soil solid phase and constitute the "skeleton" of soil, accounting for 95% ~ 98% of the total mass of soil solid phase. It can be divided into primary minerals and secondary minerals according to their genesis. Organic matter and microorganisms in soil account for less than 5% of soil solid mass. The composition, structure and properties of soil minerals have a profound influence on the physical and chemical properties, biological and biochemical properties of soil.

In fact, the loss rate of soil minerals is amazing. Experts believe that it is the long-term cultivation and use of chemical fertilizers that leads to serious loss of soil minerals and the lack of mineral life elements in food, which leads to the imbalance of human elements and leads to the high incidence of various chronic diseases today.

Ecological agricultural products

Recently, a new brand model of five-grain eco-agricultural products with good varieties, good fertilizer, good fields, good products and conscience has sprung up in China, forming a standardized multi-variety intensive brand of eco-agricultural industrial chain. Taking consumer demand as the standard, the five-grain eco-agricultural standard construction unit certification (five-grain eco-farm) and five-grain eco-agricultural standard product certification (five-grain eco-agricultural products) systems were introduced to meet people's high-quality living needs for eco-healthy food.

According to the standards of Five-grain Ecological Agriculture Standard System, Five-grain Ecological Agriculture Standard Product System and Five-grain Ecological Agriculture Standard System Evaluation and Product Certification Rules compiled by the certification body, the definition of Five-grain Ecological Agriculture Standard System is: thoroughbred, fertile field, fertile field, good product and conscience.

In the new era, the high-quality development of China's agriculture urgently needs an effective and consumer-recognized agricultural production management and product quality standard certification system.

ecological agriculture

About improved varieties:

In an interview with CCTV news 1+ 1, Yuan Longping said: thoroughbred is the core, fertile land is the foundation, and at the same time, conscience should be added. Agricultural germplasm resources are strategic resources to ensure national food security and the supply of important agricultural products, and are the material basis for the original innovation of seed industry. "Solving the problem of' stuck neck' from the source is the key to turning over the seed industry." Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that China's vast territory, great differences in climate and natural environment, and rich species are extremely favorable conditions for independent innovation in the whole chain of seed industry in China.

According to the article "Developing to Good Varieties and Fertile Fields with High Quality" published by the World Wide Web (202 1 How to Make New Economic Orientation), it is pointed out that improved varieties are the basis of food security; Fertile land is the lifeblood of grain production. The Central Economic Work Conference emphasized the need to solve the problems of seeds and cultivated land. Ensure food security and further promote the high-quality development of agriculture.

About good fertilizer

Soil testing and formula fertilization is the key to building healthy farmland. Based on the field experiment of soil testing and formula fertilization, according to the law of crop fertilizer demand, soil fertility and fertilizer effect, and on the basis of rational application of organic fertilizer, the application amount, application period and application method of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, medium and trace elements and other fertilizers are put forward. Generally speaking, it is the scientific application of formula fertilizer under the guidance of agricultural science and technology personnel. The core of soil testing and formula fertilization technology is to adjust and solve the contradiction between crop fertilizer demand and soil fertilizer supply. At the same time, it is necessary to supplement the nutritional elements needed by crops in a targeted manner, and make up whatever elements the crops lack, so as to achieve a balanced supply of various nutrients and meet the needs of crops; Achieve the purpose of improving fertilizer utilization rate, reducing dosage, increasing crop yield, improving the quality of agricultural products, saving labor, reducing costs and increasing income.

Ecological agriculture requires reducing the loss of some elements and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium as much as possible, and realizing energy self-sufficiency as much as possible, which requires comprehensive utilization and recycling of agricultural wastes and human and animal manure.

"China Agricultural Network" issued a document reminding farmers that having good varieties, using fertilizers well, turning fields well, producing good products and paying attention to conscience are the "five good ecological agriculture" standards that new farmers should follow in the new period. If there is good fertilizer, there must be good laws to make the best use of it. Examples are given to illustrate the taboo of fertilization for crops.

A large amount of fertilizer for eco-agriculture comes from the system itself, and only when six animals flourish can crops be abundant. In a small amount of land area, a large number of food types can be provided, and the food diversity of ecological agriculture is incomparable with other agricultural methods. Without healthy eco-agriculture, eco-agriculture is out of the question. The key agricultural pests and weeds are actually normal species in nature. If we can use physical methods to interfere and control, we will not use chemical methods to restore ecological balance. If there is no obvious impact on output, human intervention should be minimized, which not only saves labor costs, but also protects the ecological environment.

About fertile land

How precious is the soil? It takes 1000 years to form a plough layer with a thickness of 1 cm, and soil is a kind of resource that is difficult to regenerate; Without healthy soil, how can mankind have a future? Protecting soil is a historical choice.

A quarter of the earth's biodiversity exists in soil. A spoonful of soil contains more creatures than the population of the earth. Nowhere in nature can so many species be collected as soil. Biodiversity is of great significance to the health of our planet. It helps species survive and adapt to natural changes. ? Protecting biodiversity means that we are helping the earth keep its elasticity, adaptability and health.

Ecological organic agriculture, rotational grazing and conservation tillage agriculture can protect biodiversity in soil. These methods can continuously improve agricultural productivity and prevent soil and water resources from degradation.

The "Shouguang Vegetable Industry Project Implementation Plan" in Shandong Province embodies the guiding ideology of the integrated development of environment and agriculture, the principle of quality first and ecology first, and the main line of producing good products from fertile land, so as to build the Shouguang vegetable industry service chain from disorder to order, from fertile land to good products, and from spending money to making money, and to build the brand of "Shouguang Fresh Vegetables" and explore the middle and high end.

Fertile land is an effective environment for the healthy growth of crops. Soil organic matter is one of the components of soil solid phase, and it is the general name of all kinds of products and synthetic products of all animal and plant residues formed in soil and added by the outside world at different decomposition stages. The soil fertility of fertile land refers to the ability of soil to meet the water, nutrients, air and heat necessary for crop growth and development. Soil fertility is divided into natural fertility and artificial fertility; Improve the potential fertility and effective fertility from six aspects: soil organic matter, soil microorganisms, trace elements in soil, soil pH, soil salinity and soil harmful substances.

About good products

There are two factors that affect the quality of agricultural products: natural environment and social development. Natural environmental factors: fertile soil for planting crops and good environmental quality (such as good water quality and high air quality); Sufficient light, large temperature difference between day and night; The weather is obvious in the four seasons, and it is difficult for bacteria and pests to overwinter; Geographical environment and external unfavorable factors are difficult to interfere. Social development factors: relatively developed agricultural technology, improved variety selection; Use less pesticides and fertilizers.

The quality of agricultural products usually includes three aspects: nutritional quality, commodity quality and sanitary quality. The traditional meaning of agricultural product quality refers to the nutritional quality of agricultural products, specifically the contents of carbohydrates, protein, essential amino acids, fat, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals.

With the establishment and perfection of the market economic system, the characteristics of scale, industrialization and commercialization of agricultural production are becoming more and more obvious. The commodity quality of agricultural products has become one of the main decisive factors to improve the economic benefits of agricultural production and develop beneficial agriculture at this stage. On the whole, the commodity quality of agricultural products mainly includes storage and transportation quality, appearance quality (such as the shape, size and color of products and vegetables), flavor quality and processing quality.

With the improvement of people's living standards, people pay more and more attention to food safety and their own health, and put forward new requirements for the sanitary quality of agricultural products (such as pesticide residues, pathogen pollution and toxic heavy metal accumulation). The sanitary quality of agricultural products is undoubtedly one of the important contents of agricultural products quality.

About conscience

Agricultural production is a long industrial chain. From the whole industrial chain of eco-agriculture with excellent varieties, excellent fertilizers, fertile fields and excellent products, a qualified and conscientious new farmer can follow the standard code of conduct of eco-agriculture in Wuliang, share his food with his family and relatives, and strictly implement the professional ethics and code of conduct for safe food production.

The introduction of the five-grain ecological agriculture standard system coincides with the introduction of the agricultural expert group. The detailed explanation of the five grain standards in this system is as follows: improved varieties: seeds and seedlings are healthy and nontoxic, resistant to pests and diseases, easy to plant and manage, and have high-yield genes. Good fertilizer: fertilizer (including pesticides) is efficient, low toxic, safe, environmentally friendly, residue-free and multifunctional. Fertile land: low content of harmful substances, high content of organic matter, and healthy balance of soil ecology. Good products: green and organic, nutritious and delicious, healthy and high-quality, safe and secure. Conscience: The new code of conduct for farmers' professional ethics follows the above four codes of conduct when engaging in agricultural activities.

Food safety is the most concerned issue for consumers. Standardization and visualization of agricultural products production is a feasible way to dispel consumers' concerns about food safety. The certification of Wuliang eco-agriculture standard system is based on different crop products, and each item has detailed standards and regulations. Five grain eco-agricultural standard system construction unit evaluation and five grain eco-agricultural standard product certification are new standards for building modern eco-agricultural industrial chain, including environment, soil, fertilizer, product quality, planting management, sales channels, circular sustainable development and new farmers' professional ethics and behavior norms. Combine various means of production, growth stages, technologies, regulations and existing standards in agricultural production to form a new eco-agricultural standard system. Through standardized management and standardized production, a product traceability system query platform is established to ensure food safety, expand consumers' brand awareness of five-grain certified agricultural products, improve the added value of agricultural products, and build a good brand of safe food in China.

Ecological culture is a transition from a culture in which human beings rule nature to a culture in which human beings live in harmony with nature. The industrialization of eco-agriculture is guided by market demand and aims at the harmonious development between man and nature. The cultivation and development of eco-culture runs through the development process of eco-agriculture. Relying on the advantages of local ecological resources, we should optimize the regional strategic layout, specialized scale production and construction, serialized production and processing, and economic management integration of ecological agriculture, and embark on a modern ecological agriculture development model with China characteristics that is in line with the coordinated development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, economy, society and environment.

The construction of ecological agriculture in China is not only the innovation and strategic decision of modern agricultural development, but also the sustainable development strategy of agricultural production development advocated by China. Five grain eco-agricultural standard construction unit (five grain eco-farm) certification and five grain eco-agricultural standard product certification system (five grain eco-agricultural products) are important contents of agricultural product quality and safety management. Carrying out the certification of five-grain ecological agricultural products is an important means to promote structural adjustment, promote the development of agricultural industrialization, implement China's agricultural high-quality development strategy, enhance the competitiveness of agricultural products and expand exports.