Who invented what in ancient China?

Question 1: What were the inventions in ancient China? Who invented Cai Lun to improve papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty? Mrs. Lu Ban invented the umbrella in the Warring States Period. Lu Ban invented the ladder, washing the car and saw in the Warring States Period. Sina was the predecessor of the compass, but it is impossible to verify who invented it. Ancient alchemists invented gunpowder. Ma Jun of the Three Kingdoms invents the rollover in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng invents the seismograph, weatherometer and armillary sphere, Zhuge Liang invents the crossbow, wooden ox and flowing horse, engraving printing appears in the Tang Dynasty, movable type printing was invented in the Northern Song Dynasty, when Zu Chongzhi invented the thousand-mile boat in the Western Jin Dynasty, there was already a taxi, and Du Shi invented the water platoon in the Eastern Han Dynasty

Question 2: What are the ancient inventions in China and who invented the ancient inventions in China? It is mainly the general name of all the inventions in ancient China. Representatives are: papermaking, printing, gunpowder and compass. -Common sense science and technology.

question 3: who respectively invented four great inventions of ancient china? Compass

The invention of compass

In ancient times, thin iron leaves were often cut into the shape of a fish, and the belly of the fish was slightly concave, like a boat. When it was magnetized, it floated on the water surface, so it could point to the north and south. At that time, it was used as a game. Cui Bao of the Eastern Jin Dynasty mentioned this kind of "compass fish" in Notes on Ancient and Modern Times.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Ceng Gongliang wrote "The General Introduction to Wu Jing". It's five points wide, and its head and tail are as sharp as fish's, so it's burned in charcoal fire, and Hou Tongchi, with the iron wok and the fish first fired, and the tail right opposite, dipped in the basin, and stopped when there is no tail count, and collected it with a dense device. When in use, the basin is placed flat in a windless place, and the fish floats on the water surface, and its head is always at noon. "This is a kind of. Iron molecules are arranged along the direction of the earth's magnetic field to achieve the purpose of magnetization. This arrangement can be fixed quickly when dipped in water, and the degree of magnetization can be increased by slightly inclining the fish's tail downward. The invention of artificial magnetization method has played a great role in the application and development of compass, and it is also a great event in the history of the development of magnetism and geomagnetism. Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty mentioned another artificial magnetization method in "A Talk on Mengxi": "The philosopher rubs his head with a magnet, According to Shen Kuo, the technicians at that time rubbed the sewing needle with a magnet, which could make the needle magnetic. From the present point of view, this is a method of using the magnetic field of natural magnets to make the arrangement of magnetic domains in the steel needle tend to a certain direction, thus making the steel needle show magnetism. This method is simpler than geomagnetic method, and the magnetization effect is better than geomagnetic method. The invention of friction method is not only the earliest in the world, but also a magnetic director with practical value. It has created conditions.

Shen Kuo also talked about various phenomena in the supplementary talk of Mengxi Bi Tan: "When a magnet is used to rub a tit for tat, it is often a guide, and there are also people who point to the north, and they are not afraid of stones ... On the contrary, there should be differences between the north and the south, and they have not been deeply studied." This means that after rubbing a sewing needle with a magnet, tit for tat is sometimes a guide, and sometimes it is a guide. When the needle is magnetized in different directions, the direction after magnetization will be different. But Shen Kuo didn't know this truth. He truly recorded this phenomenon and frankly admitted that he didn't think deeply, so as to expect future generations to further explore it.

Shen Kuo introduced four methods for installing the magnetic needle:

1. Water float-floating a few rushes on the magnetic needle, You can indicate the direction.

2. Bowl lip rotation method-put the magnetic needle on the edge of the bowl, and the magnetic needle can rotate to indicate the direction.

3. Nail rotation method-put the magnetic needle on the fingernail, and the magnetic needle can rotate freely to indicate the direction because the nail surface is smooth.

4. Twilight suspension method-coat some wax in the middle of the magnetic needle and stick it. It can indicate the direction.

Pyrotechnics

Pyrotechnics is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. Because it is made of saltpetre, sulfur yellow and wood charcoal, people used these three things as medicines to treat diseases at that time, so it was named "Pyrotechnics", which means "fire medicine".

Since Qin and Han Dynasties, alchemists have used sulfur yellow, saltpetre and other substances to make alchemy. After many times of practice, the formula of gunpowder was found. In the Three Kingdoms period, a clever technician, Ma Jun, made a "blasting battle" for entertainment by wrapping gunpowder in paper, which pioneered the application of gunpowder. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder began to be applied to the military. People used a stone-throwing trebuchet to light the gunpowder pack and throw it out to burn the enemy. This is the most primitive gunpowder. Later, people wrapped spherical gunpowder on it. After the fuse was lit, the gunpowder was shot out with a bow and arrow to burn the enemy. Besides, the gunpowder and poison, together with some distilled water and tung oil, were pounded together to make a poison ball. After the fuse was lit, it was shot out with a bow and arrow to kill the enemy, which became the "enemy of ten thousand people". In the Song Dynasty, people filled the gunpowder into bamboo tubes, and tiny "directional sticks" were tied behind the gunpowder to ignite the fire nitrate on the fire tube. It was the world's first pyrotechnic fire arrow. Later, firearms and guns were invented. These were primitive tubular firearms made of bamboo tubes, and they were the ancestors of modern firearms and guns.

Papermaking

The invention of papermaking technology was one of the contributions of the Chinese nation to world civilization. About 3,5 years ago, in the Shang Dynasty, Chinese characters were engraved on tortoise shells and animal bones. >

question 4: who invented four great inventions of ancient china? Which dynasty? According to legend, the compass was used to identify the marching direction when the Yellow Emperor fought Chiyou. The compass is actually a mechanical device. When the compass is moving, the immortal's hands are pointing in the same direction. The principle of making a compass is different from that of using magnetic force to indicate the direction. In the Warring States period, there was an instrument Sina that really used the magnetic force of a magnet to indicate the direction. Papermaking was invented in block printing in the Western Han Dynasty. Who is the pioneer of block printing in the world? In 1968, Gyeongju, South Korea discovered the Clean Diamond Sutra printed during the Wu and Zhou Dynasties in the Tang Dynasty, which triggered a debate in the international academic circles about whether China was the originator of block printing. Pan Jixing, a famous historian of science and technology in China, confirmed that the print was printed in Chang 'an, China, and there were earlier prints in China, which proved that block printing began in Sui and Tang Dynasties in China, and China was a well-deserved pioneer of block printing in the world. Experts in the history of science and technology believe that movable type printing existed in China as early as the Song Dynasty, but the large-scale collation and publication of ancient books in the Ming and Qing Dynasties still used block printing instead of movable type printing, which shows the important position of block printing in cultural communication at that time. Movable type printing and gunpowder appeared in China in the Northern Song Dynasty. Question 5: What is four great inventions of ancient china? Who is the inventor? Paper making

Before Cai Lun invented "Cai Hou Paper" in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-AD 22), the embryonic form of paper appeared in China. The paper from the early Western Han Dynasty (26 BC-23 AD) unearthed from the Han Tomb in Fangmatan, Tianshui, Gansu Province, China, is the earliest paper that has been discovered. In addition, ancient paper of the Western Han Dynasty has been unearthed in Lop Nur, Xinjiang and Baqiao, Xi 'an. But these papers are rough, and the raw materials are hemp or silk wadding.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, in 15 A.D., eunuch Cai Lun summarized and improved the paper-making technology since the Western Han Dynasty, and created a plant fiber paper called "Cai Hou Paper" with bark, rags, hemp heads and fishing nets as raw materials and a set of techniques of retting, ramming and copying. Since then, paper has gradually replaced bamboo tubes and silks and become the main writing material.

papermaking began to spread eastward to Korea and Japan in the early 7th century (late Sui and early Tang Dynasties). In the 8th century, it was introduced to Samarkand from the west, which was later * * *, and then to Baghdad. From the 1th century to Damascus and Cairo; Introduced to Morocco in the 11th century; Introduced to India in the 13th century; From the 14th century to Italy, many cities in Italy built paper mills, which became an important base for the spread of papermaking in Europe, and then spread to Germany and Britain. It was introduced to Russia and Holland in the 16th century. It spread to England in the 17th century; It was introduced to Canada in the 19th century. The invention and spread of papermaking greatly reduced the carrier cost of words and realized the popularization of knowledge among civilians, thus greatly promoting the development of science, technology and economy in the world.

The invention of papermaking is not only a great change in book-making materials, but also of epoch-making significance in the history of human civilization.

gunpowder

The invention of gunpowder is closely related to the developed smelting technology in ancient China. In the process of smelting metal, people constantly sum up their experience, gradually get in touch with and become familiar with the properties of many minerals, and accumulate rich chemical knowledge. Since the Warring States Period (43 BC ~ 221 BC), some people have applied metallurgical technology to refining mineral medicine, dreaming of refining immortal medicine, while others want to refine gold and silver from minerals. Although no immortal elixir or gold and silver were produced, alchemists found that saltpeter, sulfur and carbonaceous materials would react violently when heated together. In explosions, people gradually realize that saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal will be made into explosive powder according to a certain proportion.

It is impossible to find out the exact time of the invention of gunpowder, but it can be inferred from the data that the time of the invention of gunpowder should be before the Tang Dynasty (618-97 AD). Because the color of this powder is black, it is called "black powder". At the end of the Tang dynasty, gunpowder began to be used in the military. The earliest gunpowder weapon was the Fei Huo, or rocket. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties (96-1368), gunpowder was widely used in the military, and many gunpowder weapons appeared, mainly including rockets, guns, artillery and so on. In the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), there appeared the trigger mine controlled by gear and the timing mine controlled by thread incense.

during the yuan dynasty (1279-1368), gunpowder spread to Europe, which caused a series of important changes in weapons manufacturing and strategy and tactics, and had an important impact on the social and economic fields in Europe.

Compass

As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (722-221 BC) in China, people discovered magnets when looking for iron ore, and they knew their special properties. During the Warring States Period (43 BC ~ 221 BC), people began to use magnets to make a tool to indicate the direction-Sina. SiNa is made into a spoon shape. When it is used, it is placed in the middle of a smooth and horizontal chassis, and its handle is moved by hand to make it rotate. When it stops, the handle points south and the mouth points north.

at the beginning of the northern song dynasty (96-1127), people discovered the artificial magnetization method, and made a magnetic needle by rubbing a steel needle with a natural magnet. This magnetized steel needle is officially called a compass (because the axis of the needle is influenced by the earth's magnetic pole, and the geomagnetic axis has an angle of more than 11 degrees with the earth's rotation axis, the north-south direction indicated by the needle is actually the north-south direction of the earth's magnetic pole). There are various ways to make a compass, some float on the water, some put it on the edge of a bowl, some put it on your nails, and some hang it in the air with a thread. But the more accurate compass is to install the magnetic needle on the compass engraved with the direction, so the compass is also called the compass. Song Dynasty (96-1279 AD) and ... > >

Question 6: Who invented the solar storm in ancient China-the earliest sunspot found

The stars entered Beidou-the observation of comets

There was food in the new moon-the eclipse record

The sun, the moon and the stars-the lunar calendar

The oldest catalogue in the world-Shi's catalogue

. Measuring the sun's shadow in Tugui

Stars falling like rain ―― observation of meteor swarms

An instrument for demonstrating the apparent motion of celestial bodies ―― an armillary sphere

China's oldest timekeeping instrument ―― pot leakage

geodesy ―― determination of meridian

Calendar revolution ―― Shen Kuo's Twelve Almanac

A wonderful work of scientific research ―― invented by Guo Shoujing. Timing Calendar

View of the Duke of Zhou ―― Setting of the Observatory

The earliest mathematical monograph in China ―― The Classic of Weekly Parallel Calculations

Precise deduction and careful calculation ―― Nine Chapters of Arithmetic

Strategic planning ―― Zero and calculation

Decimal notation

China remainder.

Zhu Shijie and his

Double Hypothesis Method in Four Elements Jade Mirror ―― the application of surplus and deficiency

series and stacking

China ―― the hometown of abacus

The Mohist Classic and the first law of motion

A measuring tool of magnetic declination and magnetic declination

in a incense burner and a flat frame.

Strange mirror-transparent mirror

The world's earliest periscope

The world's earliest artificial magnetization method-Yinan fish

Outstanding machinery-Yinan car

Paint and lacquerware

China-Porcelain

Oil and natural gas

Burning stone-Development and utilization of coal. > Clouds rain to the west without plowing ―― Cloud observation and cloud atlas

Temperature observation instrument and precipitation observation instrument

Weather forecast

Ancient phenological calendar

The earliest water conservancy project in China ―― Dujiangyan

Diversion from Jingjing to Luoyang ―― a water conservancy project connecting Zheng Guoqu

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal

The earliest water level station in China ―― Dou Shumeng's Tao Shi Tu

Classic of Ancient Geography-Notes on Shui Jing

Bronze Age-Copper Mining

Boiling the Sea as Salt-Bittern Mining

The earliest flora-Southern Vegetation

Vegetation, Fish, Insects, Birds and Animals-Classification of Animals and Plants till, raising my cup, I asked the bright moon asked the wine to the sky-Making Qu. Xie and Qi Min Yao Shu

Wang Zhen Nong Shu with distinctive features

Intensive cultivation and abundant crops

Tea planting and tea culture

Lushang Baifeng continuous-silkworm technology

Valley of saving the world-cultivation of legumes and beans