How long does it take for rapeseed to have mealworms in winter?

There were bees and insects on the 21st day. During the early flowering period of rapeseed, a single-king production group with more than 12 frames, approximately 38,000 worker bees, and 7 spleens was used as a sample (hereinafter referred to as the sample group) for abstract quantitative analysis:

(1) If the average queen bee lays 1,500 eggs per day, then in the 21-day growth cycle from egg to adult bee, the queen bee can lay 1,500 eggs in one day: 1,500 eggs × 21 days = 31,500 eggs (Equation 1)

Assuming that one nest has 6500 cells and the density of the spleen is 80%, each nest has 6500 cells × 80% = 5200 cells (calculation 2)

Dividing formula (1) by formula (2), 6 nest spleens are needed to raise the offspring; if the density of the spleen is about 75%, 7 nest spleens are needed.

(2) Assuming that the queen bee lays eggs at a uniform rate every day, then in a worker bee incubation cycle of 21 days, the ratio of 3-day eggs to 6-day worms to 12-day pupae = 1:2:4. At this time, this Box bees have approximately 13,500 eggs and larvae, and the rest are pupae. This is also consistent with the general situation of bee colony breeding areas observed in natural conditions, and also reflects the spatial structure of bee colonies’ orderly breeding areas.

(3) According to beekeeping information, a honey collecting group with 15 frames of bees has only about 20,000 collecting bees; one new bee that emerges in spring can nurture at least 3.85 offspring. Based on this calculation, there are approximately 19,000 field bees in this sample group, and the number of nurse bees required is: formula (1) divided by 3.85 = approximately 8,000.

The total number of bees is 38,000 - 19,000 field bees - 8,000 nurse bees = 11,000 (hereinafter referred to as surplus bees)

The division of labor within the bee colony is very complicated. In addition to collection and feeding, There are also many jobs such as guarding and making honey. Of course, such simple quantification cannot be clearly defined. The above abstract quantification is only to illustrate the relatively intuitive and general quantitative structure of the sample group at this time and the actual existence of surplus bees. .

2. Specific description

According to observation records, when the local bee colony collects spring honey (wild osmanthus) around the beginning of spring, it takes more than 50 days after entering the nest, that is, by 3 During the early flowering period of rapeseed in the middle and late months of the month, the reproductive capacity of the bee colony reaches its peak. After that, it is not easy for one queen bee to maintain 7 spleens, which seems to be beyond her ability and shows a gradual downward trend. Sometimes when I check the bee colony, I can see at a glance that there are still 7 spleens. In fact, the area of ??the spleens has been reduced. After a long period of reproduction since early spring, the bee colony has grown stronger, and the number of young bees leaving the house has increased sharply. The queen bee pheromone secreted by the queen bee, which inhibits the development of the ovaries of worker bees and controls the construction of the natural queen platform by the worker bees, is distributed to The number of each worker bee is relatively reduced, and the old queen bee is even less; the sudden increase in the number of new bees leaving the colony, the nursing workload of housekeeping bees is also relatively reduced, and some young bees and young bees do not even need to participate in housekeeping work , thus being "surplus".

If the weather is fine and the rapeseed has a large flow of honey, stimulated by the rapeseed nectar, a considerable part of the surplus bees will participate in the collection in advance, and the rest will also have back-office work to do. The problem is that it coincides with continuous rain at this time. If measures such as expanding the nest and producing pulp are not taken to increase the workload of the bee colony, then these surplus bees will neither be able to turn into collector bees nor have the burden of housework, so they will gather and produce waste. Bee fever, after building a royal platform, forces the queen bee to lay eggs.

So, how to arrange these surplus bees and mobilize the enthusiasm of the entire bee colony during the rapeseed flowering period?

3. Countermeasures

1. Replace the queen bee

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It is very urgent to replace the bee colony with a queen bee with strong egg-laying ability in advance or immediately. After the sample group is replaced with a new queen, the emotion of bee division can be basically eliminated or controlled. A large number of surplus bees will also be converted into bees of the right age for collection. The bees will be excited and active, and the nectar collected can be greatly exceeded due to the prolific new queen. The consumption caused by eggs.

(1) When the rapeseed is bolting and blooming, if necessary, the prepared nuclear group Mid-Autumn King can be imprisoned, and a mature king stage can be added to the nuclear group the next day (after 10 days, the virgin queen will mate successfully ). After about 3-5 days, use the imprisoned Autumn King to replace the queen bee of the sample group. The replaced queen bee can be formed into a double-king group or eliminated according to its merits. The Autumn King of the nuclear group has laid relatively few eggs since the spring reproduction. He is still young physiologically and has been imprisoned for a few days. After joining the sample group, he will lay eggs soon and expand the egg circle day by day, which increases the driving force of the bee colony and also Once the bees are ignited with the same passion for collecting and nurturing during the spring bloom, this excitement can be maintained until the end of the rapeseed flowering period.

(2) It is proposed that the queen bee of the sample group make another arrangement. In the evening 24 hours after losing the king, lift the entire nuclear group into an empty relay box, then place it on the sample group, and use a Use newspaper with needle holes to separate the two swarms. By the next day, the newspaper was bitten by the worker bees, and the upper and lower groups naturally merged into one group. After the sample group changes queen, the mood of bee division is alleviated or eliminated, the group strength is replenished and strengthened, and collection is active, which is expected to achieve high yield of rapeseed honey.

(3) The raised double-king group can reproduce with two kings and produce a strong group. Detain a king 10 days before the heavy honey flow of rapeseed and let it rest; deduct another king after the heavy honey flow period begins or propose a new double-king group and let go of the previously detained one. After releasing the queen, the queen bee will actively lay eggs and the entire bee colony will be in orderly activities. This can not only reduce the feeding burden of the bee colony, but also maintain the continued strength of the bee colony and mobilize the bee colony's enthusiasm for collecting.

(4) When the rape begins to bloom, isolate the sample group box into a small area with about 3 frames of nest spleens, open the back nest door, and carry one old pupa spleen and one large honey spleen of the bee. Form a mating group and join a mature stage the next day. After the new king has successfully mated and seen the large larvae, add a spleen of the old pupa without the bee. In the future, the queen bee can be exchanged with the nest box according to the actual situation. They can also form a group of old and new queens, or arrange the old queen separately. This arrangement can continue to maintain the strength of the sample group, which is beneficial to the production of royal jelly and the collection of the next honey source.

2. Building a new spleen

Building a new spleen is the instinctive need of the bee colony to expand the nest in spring. The new king group and the natural divided bee colony can build a new spleen quickly and effectively. Bee colonies in a divided mood are prone to build drone spleens, while kingless and mating colonies do not. The prerequisite for building a new spleen is that there is enough pink honey in the nest. When the bee colony collects a certain amount of fresh rapeseed nectar into the nest, the spleen becomes white, and excess spleen appears, the nest base can be added to build a spleen. The bee colony that builds a spleen should There are more bees than spleens. The nest foundation frame is placed between two flat nest spleens, at the second position of the honeycomb side, that is, between the pink honey spleen and the child spleen. Generally, it should not be placed in the middle of the breeding area, otherwise it will disrupt the order and structure of the breeding area. The early flowering period of rapeseed can best stimulate the bee colony to build spleens. Most of the newly added nest foundations can be formed in a day and night, and the queen bee can quickly lay eggs.

In the rapeseed flowering period, it is generally better to use a small colony or a new king colony with a size of about 6-7 frames as the starting colony to build spleens. Such colonies basically do not build drone cells. The base frame can be inserted into the hive in the evening every day and lifted out in the morning before the bees leave the hive. The sample group will be completed after the hive is about 2 mm high. If eggs have been laid, make other arrangements. The nest spleens in the nest boxes of the sample group were gradually replaced by new spleens, and most of the stored honey was moved to the relay box. An appropriate amount of empty nest spleens can stimulate bees to collect and store nectar, expand the subcircle, and help the bee colony dissipate heat. Because the bee colony does not like to store nectar in the new spleen, the queen bee of the sample group has many hive houses, and the spleens are as square as the beams, which avoids the pressure of pink honey on the sub-circle, and also slows down or controls the mood of the bee colony. The large number of high-quality new spleens produced in this way are valuable resources for the apiary and will be beneficial to the future sustainable development of the bee colony.

Senior Mr. Ma Defeng has repeatedly written articles advocating: "The spleen is the place where the bee colony raises children and stores honey. Spleen creation can promote reproduction; reproduction also promotes spleen creation. If there are more spleens and more bees, during the honey flow period In order to improve honey production and quality, this is an effective measure, but it has been ignored by people." Practice has proved that during the initial flowering period of rapeseed, more spleens are formed, more reproduction is carried out, and nectar collection is carried out in large groups during the period of heavy honey flow. This is indeed an effective measure that cannot be ignored and is an effective measure for producing high-quality and high-yield honey.

3. Produce royal jelly

Around March 20, rapeseed generally bolts and begins to flower. The sample group may have a natural platform, causing a slight bee-swarming mood. At this time, you can use The above-mentioned surplus bees, that is, the 4-17-day-old bees of suitable age for producing royal jelly, produce royal jelly. You can first add 5 platform strips to start producing royal jelly. If the pulp production exceeds 22 grams per strip, you can gradually increase the pulp production from the platform strips. For bees that produce more pulp, you can gradually increase the number of pulp strips to 15 platform strips to collect pulp. After the sample group begins to collect pulp, 6 nests are arranged in the nest box, and 6-7 nests are placed in the subsequent box. According to Shen Yuchu (2002), many local bee friends have verified that if more spleens are added to the nest box, the queen will not lay more eggs. On the contrary, the queen bee will lay fewer eggs due to the increase in the time to find the delivery room. Put 6-7 spleens in the nest box. There's still some space inside, and the swarm won't hurt the heat. After the rapeseed flower nectar flows, first adjust an old pupa spleen to the upper box, and add a new empty spleen to the nest box. In the future, it will be inspected every 10 days or so. According to the specific situation, a new nest spleen or a light-colored nest spleen suitable for egg laying can be added to the nest box, and the old pupa spleen will be removed from the upper box. After that, the double box of the sample group will be maintained for 12- 13 pieces of nest spleen.

In Amin’s bee farm, there are about 2 boxes of insect source groups for every 10 boxes of production groups. During the early flowering period of rapeseed, last year’s Qiu Wang was used, with a group size of 3-4 boxes, and it will be basically maintained in the future. Such a crowd. The insect source group requires sufficient feed, a dense bee population, or frequent rewards. Five days before moving the insects, select a few neat, dark, and sterilized old nests of worker bees, use a sharp knife to shallowen the cells on both sides of the nest (to increase the speed of the queen bee laying eggs), and then place them in the insect source group. Add 1 card to each group to produce larvae. You can pick up the transplanted insects on the transplanting day, saving time in finding larvae. This kind of insect spleen has a larger area, the hatched larvae are relatively uniform, conspicuous in black and white, the nest is shallow, and the insect removal speed is fast, which is beneficial to improving work efficiency. After the larvae spleen is used up, rinse it with tap water, dehydrate it in a honey shaker, and then add the insect source group to produce larvae, which will be recycled in the future. At the end of the rapeseed flowering period, new spring king insect source groups or sub-groups should be cultivated to prepare for the continuous demand for larvae in royal jelly production.

The pulp collection time is generally scheduled for 65-72 hours. Amin first removes the insects in the morning, one by one, and replaces the pulp frame that was added last time. In the afternoon and evening, the pulp collection will be concentrated. Put the empty pulp frame into the freezer and take it out the next time you use it. The couple owns a bee farm and keeps 80 bee colonies on a small scale. They hire seasonal workers to help them and manage them extensively after the bees produce pulp for two or three times. Put 6 nest spleens in the nest box for a long time, and the bee colony can remain strong even if the spleens are not adjusted to produce royal jelly. The royal jelly production is relatively stable, and the spleens in the nest box are square to corners. Sometimes the nest spleens are exchanged between the nest boxes, and the royal jelly production is reduced, which may disrupt the internal order of the bee colony.

4. Harvesting honey

The rapeseed in my area usually begins to flower in mid-to-late March, and the honey flow will be large after about 6 days, and ends in mid-April. This is beekeeping. The golden season for harvesting rapeseed honey.

During this period, cold waves are common and the weather is changeable. Sometimes it rains in the morning and clears in the afternoon, and the rapeseed is flowing with honey; sometimes it rains for several days in a row, and there are also continuous sunny days. At this time, beekeepers can only follow the weather and take time to watch (listen to) the local weather forecast every day and harvest honey according to the weather.

After the rapeseed nectar flows, the feed nectar fed earlier should be cleared out of the frame. As long as the temperature is suitable, a strong group like the sample group can sometimes store full nectar in a day. The nectar collected on the same day has a lot of water and needs bees to brew for 4-5 days before it matures. Most local bee friends collect honey on the morning of the third day after the bees have collected honey. Generally, the harvest is completed before 9 a.m., and only the honey from the production area of ??the secondary box is taken, not the honey from the breeding area of ??the nest box. Timely collection of honey can effectively stimulate bee colonies’ enthusiasm for collecting and increase honey production. There are two main methods of harvesting: (1) On sunny days, first harvest half of the box, about 3 large honey spleens, and then harvest the other half on sunny mornings; (2) On consecutive sunny days, harvest the second half. After the bees have taken in honey on the first day, all the stored honey in the relay box will be taken out on the morning of the third day. Unfortunately, the rapeseed honey harvested in this way only has a Baume degree of 38 or above, which is considered immature honey. However, due to various reasons such as the market environment, it is really helpless.

Some bee friends said that the queen bees of the production group are placed under house arrest 10 days before the rapeseed honey flow period, and the queen bee is released when the rapeseed flowers are flowing. The purpose is to reduce the feeding burden of the bee colony during the honey flow period. , increase honey production. This method is indeed very effective in the short term.

Lu Xiaowu (1996)'s "Bee Book Collection" records: "The larvae are taken care of by nanny bees in turns, and each nanny bee takes care of 2-3 larvae on average." According to this analysis: the queen bee stops producing for 10 days, Reduce spawning by 1,500 × 10 = 15,000 eggs. From a dynamic point of view, if the queen bee does not stop producing, then 3 days of eggs and 1 day of pupae should be subtracted from these 10 days, leaving 6 days of larvae totaling 9,000 to be nurtured. Based on the average number of nurse bees caring for 2.5 larvae, stopping the queen bee can reduce the number of nurse bees by 3,600 per day. If 2,000 of them are converted to forager bees, assuming that each forager bee leaves the nest 10 times a day to collect nectar and collects an average of 40 mg of nectar each time, an additional 800 grams of nectar can be collected every day. If you subtract 3 rainy days from these 10 days and calculate based on the actual effective collection time of 7 days, then you can collect an additional 800 grams of nectar × 7 = 5600 grams per box, which is converted into about 3500 grams of honey per box.

Things are always divided into two. In this way, the amount of honey collected by each bee group does increase. However, because the queen bee stops producing for 10 days, the bee colony will breed less 1500×10=15000 worker bees. During the flowering period of rapeseed, due to the increased intensity of collection and honey-making work, field bees age quickly and their mortality rate increases. If there is no subsequent recruitment of new bees, the colony will quickly weaken, which will also affect the production of royal jelly in the future. Is such a value exchange cost-effective? For apiaries whose main income is the collection of royal jelly, this is worth careful consideration.

In 1990, Marccau (USA) and others determined the relationship curve between honey production and bee flight: "Only when more than 14,000 bees leave the nest per hour, the weight of the bee colony will increase. When 20,000 forager bees leave the nest per hour compared to 60,000 forager bees, the number of bees is 1:3, and the weight gain of the bee colony is indeed 0.34 kilograms: 5.7 kilograms, which is 1:16.8. The strength is astonishing, with the ability several times that of the weaker groups.