What are the dangers of haze weather? How to prevent

Causes and harms of haze weather What does haze mean? Smog is the collective name for fog and haze, but fog and haze have different meanings. Fog is an aerosol system composed of a large number of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air near the ground. It mostly appears in autumn and winter and is the product of condensation of water vapor in the air near the ground. Haze is a weather phenomenon in which a large number of tiny dust particles, smoke particles or salt particles are suspended in the atmosphere, making the air turbid and reducing horizontal visibility to less than 10km. What causes haze weather? As a natural phenomenon, haze is caused by three factors. One is the increase in horizontal static wind phenomena. With the rapid development of urban construction, buildings are being built higher and higher, which increases the ground friction coefficient and significantly weakens the wind flow through the urban area. The increase in quiet wind phenomena is not conducive to the expansion and dilution of air pollutants to the periphery of urban areas, and it is easy to accumulate high-concentration pollution in urban areas. The second is the temperature inversion phenomenon in the vertical direction. The temperature inversion layer is like a pot lid covering the sky above the city, causing a temperature inversion phenomenon in which the upper air temperature is higher than the lower air temperature. Under normal climate conditions, pollutants diffuse from low altitudes with high temperatures to high altitudes with low temperatures, and are gradually discharged into the atmosphere in cycles. However, under the phenomenon of temperature inversion, the temperature at low altitude is actually lower, causing pollutants to stay and cannot be discharged in time. The third is the increase in suspended particulate matter. In recent years, with the development of industry and the increase of motor vehicles, pollutant emissions and urban suspended solids have increased significantly, which has directly led to reduced visibility and made the entire city look gray. The formation of haze is closely related to the emission of pollutants. Motor vehicle exhaust and other smoke and dust emission sources in cities emit fine particles with particle sizes in the micron range, which stay in the atmosphere. When weather inversions, calm winds, etc. that are not conducive to diffusion occur, , forming haze. According to research, there are four areas with severe haze weather in China: the Huang-Huai-Hai region, the Yangtze River Valley, the Sichuan Basin and the Pearl River Delta. Hazards and protection of fog and haze weather Fog or haze is a kind of disastrous weather, which has an important impact on roads, railways, aviation, shipping, power supply systems, crop growth, etc. Fog and haze will cause air quality to decline, affect the ecological environment, and cause greater harm to human health. In foggy and hazy weather, bacteria and viruses are often contained in the air, which can easily lead to the spread of infectious diseases and the occurrence of various diseases. Air pollutants in cities are not easy to diffuse, which aggravates the toxicity of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and other substances and harms human health. When encountering fog and haze in winter, if the air pollution is severe, poisonous mist such as smoke (fog) or black smoke may be formed, seriously threatening people's lives and health. Due to the increase in pollutants in the atmosphere caused by human activities, the frequency and intensity of fog and haze in some areas such as industrial areas and urban central areas in my country are increasing. Eight ways to deal with haze weather: 1. Avoid morning exercises in foggy days. During morning exercise, the amount of oxygen required by the human body increases. As breathing deepens, harmful substances in the fog will be inhaled into the respiratory tract, thus endangering health. You can do morning exercises after the sun comes out. You can also do indoor workouts instead. Calculated from the time when the sun comes out, the best time for outdoor exercise in winter is 9 a.m. 2. Reduce going out as much as possible. When encountering dense fog, go out as little as possible. If you have to go out, it is best to wear a mask. Wearing a mask is more important for people with allergic asthma. Masks can prevent some dust mites and other allergens from entering the nasal cavity, playing a certain protective role. 3. The patient insists on taking the medicine. Patients with respiratory diseases and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should insist on taking medicine on time during foggy days to avoid getting sick; they should also strengthen self-monitoring, pay attention to the body's feelings and reactions, and seek medical treatment in time if they feel unwell. 4. Drink more Tong Platycodon tea, Tong Shen tea, Tong Platycodon granules and Luo Han Guo tea. These medicinal teas can prevent and treat throat itching caused by inhaling dirty air on foggy days, and have good effects on moisturizing the lungs. Especially the effect is better if you drink it in the afternoon. Because the fog is thickest in the early morning and dissipates around noon, people inhale more dust and impurities in the morning. Drinking it in the afternoon can clear the lungs in time. 5. Pay attention to regulating your emotions. People with fragile psychology and psychological disorders will feel extremely heavy, nervous and depressed in this kind of weather. These people should pay attention to emotional regulation in foggy days. You can watch comedy TV series or listen to cross talk at home to cheer yourself up. 6. Don’t close the windows too tightly. Homes will be polluted by kitchen fumes, furniture additives, etc. Without ventilation, dirty indoor air will also be harmful to health. You can choose to open the windows for a short period of time at noon when there is more sunlight and fewer pollutants. 7. Try to stay away from the road. Concentrations of pollutants are highest during rush hours and at night when large vehicles enter the city. 8. Supplement calcium and vitamin D, and eat more tofu and snow pears. Fish and tofu are both daily favorite foods. Fish is a "dense" nutrient, while tofu has both food and medicine. It can replenish qi, replenish deficiency, and has a high calcium content. The rich vitamin D in fish has certain biological activity and can increase the body's absorption rate of calcium by more than 20 times. Stewed pear and lily can achieve the effect of moistening the lungs and anti-virus, so you can eat more in foggy days.