How to maintain jadeite orchids?

Several aspects that should be paid attention to in orchid cultivation

Orchid cultivation in China has a long history, and predecessors have accumulated rich experience in orchid cultivation. It is necessary to master the experience of predecessors, absorb its essence and deeply understand: cultivation environment, planting materials, watering, fertilization and pest control. It is the five links of orchid cultivation management.

1. The choice of environment is more important. Whelan mainly grows under shrubs in subtropical forests, and develops the growth habit that orchids like semi-cloudy and semi-sunny, and like moist and ventilated. As long as we master the growth law of orchids and provide or create environmental conditions close to orchids, Cymbidium hybridum is suitable for planting all over the country.

2. Use of plant materials. According to the experience of cultivation in various places, orchids can grow well no matter what plant materials (including soilless culture) are slightly acidic. The problem is that different plant materials should adopt different management methods. It is best to use pottery pots or Yixing pottery pots for flowerpots, because orchids are aerial rooting plants, and the ventilation of flowerpots is very beneficial to the growth of orchids.

3. Rational watering is the key to raising orchids. The water for watering orchids should be clean and slightly acidic, and never water sewage with germs. The method of watering varies from plant to plant. Loose mountain mud contains enough water, and granular soil and rocky volcanic rocks absorb enough water, but there is no water accumulation. After different plants were watered once, the surface of the basin was dry and the plants turned white by about one centimeter. In order to raise the temperature, water can be sprayed on the surface of the basin to increase the water content of the planting materials in the upper water-rich basin, so as to keep the bluegrass and pseudobulbs moist to a certain extent, and then the whole basin can be watered before it is completely dried.

4. Fertilization: On the basis of mastering watering, fertilization is becoming more and more important in order to promote the better growth of Poa pratensis. Organic fertilizer, that is, farm manure, should be diluted every ten days, and other inorganic fertilizers (fertilizers) should be used according to the instructions. Foliage fertilizer can be topdressing outside the roots during the growth period of orchids. Base fertilizer is also very important. When turning over the pots and changing the soil, a proper amount of base fertilizer can be added without touching the orchid roots. Too much fertilizer can easily burn orchid roots and produce black spots. If fertilized properly, it can grow strong seedlings and flowers. Orchid fertilization is generally required to be small, thin and light, and it is really thin and diligent.

5. Pest control: Pests are easy to prevent, but fungal diseases are difficult to treat. If pests such as scale insects are found in bluegrass, they can be sprayed according to the instructions, and it is best to use them together, 2-4 times a year. General bacterial diseases can also be treated as black spots. According to the instructions, bactericides such as chlorhexidine, methylbutanazine and chlorothalonil can be used. During the growth period of 15-20 days, regular cross treatment and preventive spraying can be carried out. If Balasi soft rot (rotten coccidiosis) is found, it is an incurable disease of orchids. Once found, it can be removed in time. Therefore, when buying bluegrass, we must pay attention to the fact that we must buy diseased grass with lower price at home, which will affect other valuable bluegrass.

At present, with the increasing demand for orchids at home and abroad, the trend of orchids is quite promising, especially fine products, treasures and rare products. Therefore, the orchid market and the potential market of orchids are very broad, and there is still great room and prospect for the development of orchids. Therefore, we must correctly face, adapt and adapt to this gratifying situation. Fully protect the increasingly depleted orchid resources, master the growth habits of orchids, and make your own bluegrass better.

Discussion on fertilization of orchids

Maybe you think it's a cliche to talk about orchid fertilization here, but for some novices and family orchid lovers who love orchids, if you take some time to read this article, you can master some basic knowledge of orchid fertilization. Combined with my more than ten years' experience in orchid cultivation, this paper summarizes the experience of predecessors and colleagues in cultivating orchids with fertilizer, and now introduces it to you for reference only.

First of all, you need to understand the different growth periods of orchids, and use fertilizers reasonably according to the different growth periods of orchids to achieve the effect of raising orchids and enjoying flowers. Take Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum and Cymbidium hybridum which bloom in spring as an example. The germination, emergence and growth period of orchids is from spring to summer (February to July), and the period of strong seedlings and buds of orchids is from autumn to winter (August to June, 65438+ 10). This paper discusses the fertilization method of three-point orchid.

A fertilizer (March) for promoting Soviet Union and germination is used to break the dormancy period of orchids and promote the early spring germination of orchids. At this time, you can apply Su fertilizer to promote germination, and choose Guoguang brand "Orchid Advanced Germination Solution" produced in Sichuan to irrigate the roots once; Spraying twice diluted 2000 times (10- 15 once a day), spraying twice diluted 500 times (10 once a day), and applying "Cyanobacteria King" alone.

2. Promote root and fertilizer (April-July). Rational fertilization according to the germination of orchids. Orchids germinate sooner or later due to different cultivation environments and materials. When the new buds contact the planting materials for 3-5 cm, the leaves should be spread on them; In order to take root, Huabao No.5, a comprehensive chemical fertilizer made in America, can be diluted 1000 times and sprayed five times (10 once a day). At the same time (April-July) is also the period when orchids grow vigorously and differentiate into flower buds. At the same time of promoting root and fertilizer, Shima brand "flowering element" produced by German COMPO company can be diluted 1000 times and sprayed 6 times (every 8- 10 day 1 time).

After three flowers, the nutrient consumption of orchids is quite high. As long as nutrients are supplemented in time, orchids will not affect their resistance to late spring cold, premature aging and germination in the same year. At this time, the long-acting slow-release granule "Magic Fertilizer" made in the United States can be used as the base fertilizer, and at the same time, foliar topdressing can be carried out, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate diluted 1500 times 0.2% borax or a few drops of vinegar can be sprayed three times (once every seven days).

The three-point orchid fertilizer mentioned above is really suitable for mature grass in China. If you get or introduce grass growing under the mountain, please try not to use chemical fertilizer. It can only be fertilized and germinated after domestication for more than one year.

Orchid culture from beginning to end

Field office

Peng Lan should choose a place with its back facing east, which is empty in the southeast and has high walls or trees in the west. You can see Chuyang, which can keep out the scorching sun. A courtyard with clean air and a certain humidity around it. Pay attention to ventilation, exposure, avoiding exposure to the hot sun, avoiding smoking, etc. If it is built on the roof or balcony of the floor, in addition to shading, curtains should be hung in the northwest to prevent the grass leaves from being burned by the oblique sunset in the afternoon. It is best to use mud or clear water pool under the orchid shed to keep the air around the orchid shed moist. And pay attention to clean the ground to prevent the breeding of pests and diseases. When the outdoor temperature drops to about 0℃, the orchid pot must be moved indoors to prevent frostbite of the orchid roots.

Buddhist ghost festival

Traditional orchid cultivation uses pottery pots. Because the traditional planting material is orchid mud, the mud foam is extremely delicate. In order to ventilate Langen, an earthen basin was used. Due to the change of planting materials and the need of appreciation, sand pots and glazed pots are often used now. Because the roots of orchids are slender, it is best to use a trumpet-shaped round basin with a high waist opening. In order to facilitate drainage, the aperture of the basin bottom hole should be large, and in order to strengthen the air objects inside and outside the basin, the basin base should be high and upright. Porcelain pots are rarely used because of their poor air permeability.

Planting material

1. Orchid mud: The soil accumulated in rock caves after decaying leaves has the characteristics of softness, drainage and fertility. The PH value is between 5.5 and 6.5. 2. Fire-baked soil: the granular soil left by the surface soil of weeds after baking.

3. Fairy soil: granular soil excavated and developed in Emei Mountain, Sichuan Province, which is divided into three specifications: large, medium, small and small.

4. conifers and sapphires (volcanic rocks); Produced in Taiwan Province Province, there are three specifications: large, medium and small.

5. Cornerstone: a continuous bubble produced in Taiwan Province Province, which is made of alpine mineral soil and treated by technology. There are three specifications: large, medium and small.

6. Plant stone: made in Japan, divided into three specifications: large, medium and small.

7. Emperor stone: natural porous stone made in Japan.

8. Perlite: Strong drainage, good moisture retention and good air permeability.

Peng Lan

Orchids like cool places. If there is no orchid shed for shade outside, they will be exposed to the hot sun and attacked by the torrential rain. There are cloth curtains and bamboo curtains on the traditional bamboo frame of the orchid shed. Sunny days cover the hot sun, rainy days cover the rain, and at night, open the curtains and let Lan bathe in the water. Modern awnings are mostly made of metal, equipped with sunshade nets and plastic sheets for sun protection and rain protection. Orchid station can be divided into step and platform, which is convenient for management. Indoor maintenance, no scaffolding.

Plant seeds

Orchid field, orchid shed, orchid basin, planting materials and other preparatory work is done, you can plant orchids. First, soak the blue basin with clear water, cover the hole at the bottom of the basin with a plastic net cover, and use coarse stone or coarse fairy soil as the bottom, with a height of 65438+ 0/3 of the depth of the basin. If you use coarse-grained fairy soil, you must soak it in water for ten days first. When putting orchids in, straighten the roots of orchids first, and then put medium-grained fairy soil or coarse-grained flower mud. Put it one inch away from the mouth of the basin, fill the vicinity of the orchid false scale with the finest fairy soil or orchid mud, and then cover it with a layer of fairy soil or fine stone with fine medium particles. When placing orchid seedlings in pots, we should pay attention to leaving room for new seedlings in the future. After watering in the shade for a week, you can put it in the orchid shed for normal maintenance.

operate

1. Song Zhaoshigeng's "Zhang Jin Lan Pu": "If the platform is high, it will run to the sun, and if the platform is low, it will hide the wind. The front should be southwest, and the back should be north. If you want to cross from the south, you can prevent the north wind from blowing. The land doesn't have to be spacious. Spacious means sky, and it can't be narrow. If it is narrow, it will block the air. The right should be close to the forest, and the left should be close to the wild, in order to attract Dongyang to avoid the west. Shade in sunny days in summer, and expose yourself to the sun when it is cold in winter. If you want to be sparse in the sand, you can't be slutty even if it rains. If you want to get wet in the sand, you can't stay dry in cool days. As for the framework of inserting leaves, protect the sand at the roots, prevent the harm of earthworms and ban the holes of ants. Removing weeds, removing silk, supporting new seedlings and cutting dead leaves is a method of loving repair. "

2. Li Minkui's "Orchid Cultivation" in the Ming Dynasty: "There is no abundance in spring (later changed to spring), it is not summer, autumn is not dry and winter is not wet."

3. In the preface of Emperor Feng Mingjing's "Orchid Art", he wrote: "The way to raise orchids is the fundamental preparation of heaven, and it is stated clearly, so it is appropriate to take timely measures. However, there are countless books about Lan's temperament and virtue, and he secretly tasted the compromise of a hundred schools of thought to develop his meaning. Everything is for Yi Yi. "

"I like the sun but I'm afraid of the heat. I like the wind but I'm afraid of the cold." (Tell me about the temperature requirements when orchids grow, that is, the joy and fear of Yin and Yang)

I like rain and I am afraid of it. I like wet and I am afraid of wet. I like dry and I am afraid of dry. (Talking about the Water Requirement of Orchid Cultivation)

"I like fat and fear turbidity, and I like soil and fear thickness." (Talking about the requirements of wood breeding and fertilization)

"I like yin and fear dust, I like heating and fear smoke, and I like insects and fear insects." (Talking about cleaning, pest control and disinfection)

"I like to get together and I am afraid to leave my mother. I like to cultivate and I am afraid of arrogance. " (Talking about the social habits and proper cultivation management of orchids)

4.65438+ February flower cultivation method.

If you can't go out in the cold weather in the first month, you must prevent dry mud from being hurt; The edge of the basin is dry through the mud and out of the shell. It's wonderful to pour rotten mud.

The vernal equinox in February is slightly ventilated, so it takes two or three minutes to water the river. The size of the flowerpot should be considered. Don't pour the flowers into the pot.

In the spring of March, on a warm day, orchids show their minds; Although the east wind is clear, the northwest wind should be avoided.

It is good to be sunny in April, but it is no harm to be free from thunderstorms; If the rain falls under the curtains for a long time, the wind will not hurt slightly.

The sun is slightly like fire in May. Water at night and hide at three in the morning; After the afternoon, the shade will be handed over to Shen You, and the new shoots will not be harmed.

In June, water in the morning and evening, and introduce new seedlings through the roots; If Miao is still thin, how to cure it, and secretly teach the fairy to pass milk.

In early July and early autumn, the new roots are thriving. If you see a mud knot in the basin, loosen the soil with your fingertips.

In August Mid-Autumn Festival in first frost, grass juice should be poured into the middle basin. Autumn roots in Ye Zhuang, early flowers are different.

In September, the Chongyang wind is getting colder, and the mud surface in the basin is not suitable for drying; I advise you to get more sunshine, Lulu Lulu, and you will have a new face to wear.

It's hot and cold in October, so be careful of wind and rain and severe frost. It is necessary to bask in the sun in front of the window, and it is best to warm the house when it is cold.

In the second month, don't go out when it is cold, and close the wind window when it is sunny. It's best to spread the basin surface with pine leaves, otherwise cotton will do.

Close the window in the twelfth month, and use a silver cylinder in extreme cold. Dry the pan thoroughly, water it slightly, and hook it on all sides so as not to get hurt.

5. "Orchid Four Seasons Formula" in Xu Qilou's Orchid Concentric Record:

The first month: this is the spring breeze and the moon, so pay more attention to the location of the greenhouse. Close the sunny window at night to prevent the cold in the morning from invading.

February: apricot blossom and spring rain, noisy branches, I am very happy to see the fragrance gradually pumping. Avoiding frost under the eaves is more antifreeze. When you love flowers, you will feel cold at night.

March: During the Qingming Festival, the drizzle is silky and the moss is soaked for a long time. The stuffy place moved to the mysterious place, and the north wind was still prohibited from blowing on the eaves.

April: Hybrids bloom, live in peace, and gradually feel proud of the sun, so they are immersed in it. Rectify the curtain frame of flower protection and compete with the semi-shade of bamboo forest.

May: Moldy rain grows green stems and old trees sprout again. Protect the weather in yin and yang, and don't let the scorching sun leak into the bamboo shed.

June: It won't be hot in the atrium in summer, and heavy curtains cover the night in the morning. Next year, we should be careful to water the flowers with grass juice in the embryo test.

July: The cool breeze is blowing, and the summer heat is still fragrant. When the mud is dry, pay attention to irrigation. The gas core should be unearthed first, and the timing is not necessarily the autumnal equinox.

August: Osmanthus fragrans is steaming in the autumn sun, and drying in the sun will prevent fundamental damage. Remember that when the water chestnut is dry, a pot of clear water is dew.

September: Konoha breaks the frost and flies in the dark, exposing it to the wind at night. Look straight at the fine marks on the tile, and then set up the south eaves to meet Shu Hui.

October: When Ling Mei is released, she is afraid of mystery and frost and snow. Move the thatched cottage to welcome the cool wind, and the earthen basin is high for the small window to open.

1 1 month: Leng Yue in the middle of winter, how can the world endure without pity? In the afternoon, the windows were opened and closed, and the surrounding protection was braided.

1February: 99 can't prevent freezing, and the window seal is even more afraid of snow. If every drop of water turns into ice, fire can be brought back to spring.

6. Du Men Lan Yi Ji is the experience of planting orchids in Beijing. The watering method he proposed is handled according to the 24 solar terms in a year:

(1) beginning of spring, it rains: Chunlan blooms, the soil should not be too dry, and it should be slightly wet along the edge of the basin: don't water the Qiu Lan basin until it is completely dry.

(2) Scared: When the Chunlan basin is dry to the orchid basin (above the ground), you can shed tears, but not too much; Qiu Lan and the former.

(3) vernal equinox: Chunlan has faded, so avoid getting wet. When the basin is half dry, it can be wet.

(4) Qingming Grain Rain: Don't do the pots too dry, and moisten them once every five days.

(5) Long summer: Lan begins to leave the house and needs to be watered once.

(6) Xiaoman: The pot soil should not be too wet, the spots on the leaves are too wet, and the dead tips of the new buds are too dry. It is advisable to water 1 liter every four days, so that the basin soil will be moist by 2/3 from bottom to top.

(7) Miscanthus: Beijing is dry, so it's best to be careful not to be too wet.

(8) Summer solstice: Pot soil should not be too dry. In case of heavy rain, you can only endure it for one day. In case of continuous rainfall, the basin must be moved to a ventilated place.

(9) Slight summer heat: At this time, the air is too wet, wet but not dry. The basin should be placed in a ventilated place; If the weather is hot and rainy, water 1 liter every 2 days. If it rains heavily or gets wet at one time, it must be aired to 2/3 of the basin soil, otherwise it is not suitable to water it again.

(10) Great summer heat: Pot soil is easy to dry to the end. It should be noted that it is only once a day when there is heavy rain or high humidity.

(1 1) beginning of autumn: Lan is in urgent need of water at this time. Water 2 liters every 3 days to avoid the wind.

(12) Summer treatment: water it once every five days, so that it can be exposed to rain and dew in addition to continuous rainstorm.

(13) Bailu: Qiu Lan needs watering more than Chunlan, but it must be wetted before watering.

(14) autumnal equinox: In autumn, flowers bloom in Lan Ruo, and less water is needed; If there are no flowers, water a little more.

(15) Cold dew: Qiu Lan should be watered and permeable, while Chunlan is impermeable and moist.

(16) Shuanglong: Lan Yi entered the room and the watering time was changed to noon. After watering, he must be exposed to the sun 1-2 hours.

(17) beginning of winter: Just dip in water, about half a liter every five days.

(18) Xiaoxue: The greenhouse should not be warm; Should not be too wet, too wet will cause root rot, scarring and even withering. If the soil in the basin is not dry to the end, just moisten it a little.

(19) Heavy snow: Qiu Lan doesn't need water, and Chunlan should be slightly wet.

(20) Winter solstice: not suitable for irrigation.

(2 1) slight cold: no watering.

(22) Severe cold: Qiu Lan still doesn't need water, but Chunlan can be slightly moist.

7. Linghai Lan Yan is the experience of planting orchids in Lingnan, Guangdong. Among them, six taboos, four increases and five decreases:

6 Appropriate exemption: exemption in rainy days, cloudy days, snowy days, changing mud, filling tea bran, smoking bones (when pesticides are about to be applied) and changing pots.

Appropriate addition: the summer heat is too cold, the north wind is too tight, the sun is near, and the basin is small and blue.

5. Appropriate reduction: frequent rain will reduce the amount of mud, many places near the shady side will decrease, the pots are big and small, the blue head is black, and the starting point of leaves will decrease.

65438+February Orchid Cultivation Formula in Li Yanping (Fujian)

In the first month, it is suitable for ridging, and the dawn is sunny; Avoid refrigerated eaves to avoid being hurt by spring breeze and snow.

It is difficult to cultivate in February, because leaves are used as partridge spots. The imperial court moved forward, going in and out, cherishing leaves like Yuhuan.

In March, there are new leaves and old bushes, and the rain is not suitable for the west wind; Beware of lice in wet places, and don't be surprised when old leaves wither.

In April, the mud in the basin was scorched by the sun, and the roots were slightly watered; First, the skin must be soaked in Hechi water, and strong tea can also be poured.

In May, the new leaves are greener and hold high in the depths of the shade. To prevent ants from nesting under the roots, water them at three o'clock in the morning and evening.

In June, sunshine, rain and dew add up, and fragrant branches and leaves are in full bloom; Pavilion and water pavilion can be placed, otherwise it will cover the eaves.

Although the summer heat gradually subsided in July, it still needs to be watered for three days. But to prevent earthworms from damaging the roots, the fertilizer was also watered.

It's a little cold in August, so there's no harm in letting it wind. Sewage for many years needs to be replaced today, but it is soaked in Guimao.

It's frosty in September, and the south in front of the steps is so safe. If termites and yellow ants are born, it is advisable to sprinkle clear oil on the leaves.

In October, the sun is getting warmer and the bamboo shoots will be pregnant in the coming year; Jade roots should not be cultivated in the open field, and it is best to change plants urgently when the pots are full.

Potted flowers in the moon should be sunny and collected secretly at night. The soil surface is slightly wet, and the leaves should be yellow when dry.

The wind is high in the twelfth month, the frost and snow are cold, and the warm pavilion is gradually closed to avoid the wind; I must let the spring thaw and move to the stadium to see the sun.

According to Li Yanping's experience, orchids can be watered with strong tea, and urine can also be used as fertilizer. This is not mentioned by others.

fertilizer

Due to the emergence of planting materials, flowerpot renewal and modern inorganic fertilizer, it replaces the traditional organic fertilizer with its characteristics of safety, cleanliness and convenient operation. Commonly used are:

1. Warburg made in America is 1.2.3.4.5.

No.65438 +0: N-P-K is 6-7-9, which makes the rhizome robust and the dilution is11000.

No.2: NPK is 20-20-20, which can be used all year round, diluted 1/2000.

No.3: N-P-K is 10-30-20 for promoting flower bud, diluted with 1/2000.

No.4: N-P-K is 25-5-20, diluted with11000.

No.5: NPK is 30- 10- 10 strong seedling, diluted with11000.

2. Liquid flower treasure made in Japan.

3. Garbo made in America. The ratio of NPK is 20-30- 15.

4. Sichuan Kang Hua three-in-one nutrient solution.

5. Sichuan Kang Hua high-efficiency compound fertilizer.

6. Haokangduo 1 compound fertilizer (granules) made in Japan. The NPK is 14- 12- 14.

7. "Flower Root King" made in Japan. (powder)

8. "Zhixiang" (granules) made in Japan. 5.3%-6.9%-5.4% of NPK.

9. Secret fertilizer (granules) is produced in the Netherlands. The ratio of NPK is 14%-6.8%- 14%.

10. Taiwan Province province produces "easy fertilization". 0.3%-0.4%-0.3% of NPK.

1 1. American "Xindamo" orchid special fertilizer, divided into No.5.

No.65438 +0 N-P-K is 7-7-7 average fertilizer.

No.2 NPK is 10-5-5.

No.3 NPK is a special average fertilizer for 7-9-5 height.

No.4 NPK is 3- 12-6 broad fertilizer.

No.5 NPK is 9-3-6 foliar fertilizer.

12. dilution of cyanobacteria king (strong rooting and germination promoter) 1/500.

13. The long regulator Aiduoshou Diluent made in Japan 1/6000.

Pests and diseases and their control

Diseases and insect pests of orchids should be prevented first, and prevention is more important than cure. In order to prevent plant diseases and insect pests, we should first make orchid production robust and enhance its own resistance, on the other hand, we should keep the environment clean and sanitary, properly ventilate and prevent infection.

1. Orchid water is too wet and not ventilated, and scale insects often occur.

50% trichlorfon 1/250 liquid spray.

5% malathion11000 liquid spray.

50% phoxim11000 liquid spray.

50% naledec11000 liquid spray.

2. Common mites are red spiders and mites.

Mites will die if sprayed with11000 liquid.

Acaricide 1/2000 liquid spray.

Acaricide11000 liquid spray.

3. Dilute thorium reagent and spray it with Dan, 1605 and Dai Le.

4. Use 1605, malathion, lindane and chlorhexidine to dilute and spray aphids.

5. The pathogen of black rot is pythium. Spraying thiophanate methyl, stone powder and carbendazim.

6. Mold disease is also called white silk disease. Disinfect the soil and burn the sick plants.

7. Brown rust is caused by wet soil or cold attack.

8. Bacterial soft rot can be sprayed with Bordeaux solution and methyl polyphosphate.

9. Leaf spot, also known as tiller rot, mainly harms new buds and leaves. To remove diseased leaves, 0.0 1% boric acid solution, dichlorvos and phosphorus dioxide can be sprayed.

10. Pathogenic diseases, such as ballas's disease. The virus enters the cell through protein to form virus particles, which destroy the cell and immediately replicate the toxin nucleic acid, leading to the protein shell. It is mainly transmitted through infection. There is no specific medicine so far.

Insecticide (bacteria)

1. Kang Hua produced in Sichuan 1 (highly effective compound pesticide).

2. Kang Hua No.2 (high-efficiency compound bactericide) produced in Sichuan.

3. DuPont Yili (bactericide) produced in Taiwan Province Province.

4. Suba emulsion (pesticide) produced in Taiwan Province Province.

5. Taiwan Province Province produces "Peilvsu" to prevent toxoplasmosis and dysentery. (particle)