Who knows a brief introduction about Mount Everest?

Mount Everest is the main peak of the Himalayas. Located in Tibet, People's Republic of China (PRC). This mountain is a huge pyramid, which is composed of crystalline rock series. The altitude is 8844.43 meters, which is 3.7 meters lower than the altitude published in 1975. And it grows at a rate of 3.7 cm per year. It is the highest mountain in the world and is called the roof of the world. Mount Everest means the third goddess in Tibetan.

In the fifty-sixth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (17 17), she was called Zhu Mulang Ma Alin in the imperial map. 1855, under the auspices of the British, the Indian Survey Bureau named this mountain after its director, S.G. Ivers. 1952, the people of China and the government of China renamed this peak Mount Everest. Nepal is called Sakya-Mata. On May 25th, 1960, the China mountaineering team climbed to the top from the north slope for the first time. The people of China and the National Academy of Sciences have also organized large-scale comprehensive scientific investigations for many times, and obtained a large number of important scientific materials.

1March, 989, the Everest National Nature Reserve was declared. The protected area covers an area of 33,800 square kilometers. There are very rich rare and endangered species in this area, including 8 species of national first-class protected animals, such as long-tailed langur, bear monkey, Himalayan tar sheep, leopard and so on. There are more than 600 glaciers on the summit, with an area of 1600 square kilometers, and the longest is 26 kilometers. Whenever the sun rises, the huge peaks are colorful under the red light. In addition, many strange natural landscapes often appear, attracting a large number of domestic and foreign tourists.

Mount Everest is in the shape of a huge pyramid. It is magnificent, with extremely steep terrain and extremely complicated environment. Snow line height: 5800-6200m on the north slope and 5500-6 100m on the south slope. There are three steep walls (north wall, east wall and southwest wall) between the northeast ridge, southeast ridge and Xishan ridge, and 548 continental glaciers are distributed between these ridges and cliffs, with a total area of 1 457.07 square kilometers and an average thickness of 7260 meters. The replenishment of glaciers is mainly formed by the snow metamorphism in the two major precipitation zones of the Indian Ocean monsoon belt. There are various, magnificent and rare ice towers on the glacier, ice cliffs as high as tens of meters, light and dark ice cracks with traps step by step, and dangerous ice collapse areas.

Mount Everest is not only magnificent, but also magnificent. There are many peaks and mountains within 20 kilometers around it. There are more than 40 peaks above 7000 meters above sea level. The famous ones are Luozi Peak (8463 meters above sea level, the fourth highest peak in the world) and Zhuoqiong Peak (7589 meters above sea level), Makaru Peak in the southeast (8463 meters above sea level, the fifth highest peak in the world), Zhang Zifeng in the north (7543 meters above sea level) and Nuzi Peak in the west (7855 meters above sea level). On the periphery of these giant peaks, there are some world-class peaks: in the southeast, there is Jiafeng, the third highest peak in the world (8585 meters above sea level, the boundary peak between Nepal and Sikkim); In the west, there are Feng Kang at an altitude of 7998m, Zhuooyou Peak at an altitude of 820 1 m and Xixiabangma Peak at an altitude of 8012m. It has formed a magnificent scene of peaks reaching the DPRK and peaks surging.

climate

The climate of Mount Qomolangma and its nearby peaks is complex and changeable, even in one day, it is often unpredictable, not to mention having sex all year round. Generally speaking, the rainy season is from early June to mid-September every year, and the strong southeast monsoon leads to frequent rainstorms, fog, ice and snow, and unpredictable. 165438+1In mid-October, due to the strong cold current in the northwest, the temperature can reach -60℃, the average temperature is between -40℃ and 50℃, and the maximum wind speed can reach 90/ m. Every year, from the beginning of March to the end of May, it is the spring from the wind season to the rainy season, and from the beginning of September to 10. There may be better weather during this period, which is the best season for mountaineering.

Climbing route

As early as the beginning of19th century, Mount Qomolangma has become a place that mountaineers and scientists all over the world yearn for. However, it was not until 1953 that Edmund Hillary and Tenzin in Britain set the first successful record. By the end of 1998, there were 1054 people in the world who enjoyed the unique reputation of being on the top of the world. Through their own efforts, they discovered and created 1 1 mountaineering routes, namely:

The route of southeast ridge: 1952 was discovered by the Swiss mountaineering team, but unfortunately it fell short. It was not until the following year that the British team successfully reached the top along this line.

Northeast Ridge Route: 1960 was initiated by the people and the national team of China and successfully reached the summit.

Route from Northwest Ridge to North Wall: 1963 was initiated by the US team and was a success.

Southwest wall route: 1975 was initiated by the British Bonin team and reached its peak.

Northwest ridge route: 1979 was discovered by the former Yugoslav team and reached the summit.

Straight to the north wall route: 1980 was initiated by the Japanese team and reached its peak.

Nanzhuling route: 1980 Poland team opened up and reached its peak.

Route from northeast ridge to north wall: 1980 Mesner was the first successful.

Route from southwest wall to northwest ridge: 1982 was initiated by the former Soviet team, and reached the peak along this route.

Route from East Wall to Southeast Ridge: 1983 was initiated and succeeded by the San Francisco Bay Area team.

East wall route: 1988 was initiated by the US-New Zealand international expedition and reached its peak.

In the same year, the joint mountaineering team of China, Japan and Nepal also achieved a feat of crossing the north-south slope and reaching the summit. The heroic miracle of human climbing Mount Everest is constantly emerging.

traffic

The route from People's Republic of China (PRC) to the mountain is: take a bus from Lhasa along the China-Nepal Highway, pass through Gyangze and Yuekaze to Xiegeer, with a total length of 670 kilometers, and then go south along the simple highway through Pazhuo District. After driving 1 10 km, it reaches the end of the Rongbu Glacier at the northern foot of Mount Everest, with an altitude of 5 145 meters.

Jo-mo glang-ma, referred to as Mount Qomolangma, is located on the Himalayan Mountains where the people of China and Nepal meet, and it is covered with snow all year round. It is the highest peak in Asia and the world. In Tibetan, "Qomolangma jo-mo glang-ma ri" means "Mother of the Earth". In Tibetan, Jo-mo "Everest" means goddess, while Lang-Ma "Lang-ma" should be understood as female elephant (in Tibetan, Lang-ma has two meanings: Yanagi Takayama and female elephant). According to myth, Mount Everest is the palace where tshe-ring mched lnga lived. In the west, this mountain peak is usually called Mount Everest to commemorate George Everest, the director of the Indian Survey Bureau, who was in charge of surveying the Himalayas when Britain occupied Nepal. The last survey of Mount Qomolangma was carried out in 1999 by the National Geographic Society using the Global Positioning System (GPS). They think that the elevation of Mount Everest should be 8850 meters. At present, the altitude of Mount Qomolangma recognized by the people of China and China was determined by the China mountaineering team in 1975, which is 8848.13m. However, the outside world also has a variety of sayings such as 8848 meters, 8840 meters, 8850 meters and 8882 meters. Recently, on May 22nd, 2005, the people of China * * * and the national survey team of China successfully climbed Mount Everest, and the height of Mount Everest was accurately measured again. The new height of Mount Everest is 8844.43 meters. Meanwhile, stop using 8848.438+03m in 1975. Interestingly, although Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world, its summit is not the farthest point from the center of the earth. This special point belongs to Chimborazo Mountain in South America. The majestic image of Mount Everest has always had an impact on the local area and even the whole world. The fourth edition of RMB 10 yuan has the pattern of Mount Everest on the back.

192 1- The first British mountaineering team led by Lieutenant Colonel Charles Howard Burley began to climb Mount Everest, reaching an altitude of 7000 meters. 1922-The second British mountaineering team reached an altitude of 8320 meters with oxygen supply devices. 1924 —— When the third British mountaineering team climbed Mount Everest, George Mallory and Andrew Irvine disappeared while using the oxygen supply device to reach the summit. Mallory's body was found at an altitude of 8150m on 1999, and the camera he was carrying with him was missing, so it is impossible to determine whether he and Owen were the first people to successfully climb the summit in the world.

1May 29th, 953 ——34-year-old New Zealand mountaineer Edmund Hillary En: Edmund Hillary, as a member of the British mountaineering team, and 39-year-old Nepalese guide tenzing norgay En: tenzing norgay climbed Mount Everest along the southeast ridge route, which was the first successful mountaineering team ever recorded. 1956- The Swiss mountaineering team headed by Albert Eigler climbed Mount Everest for the second time in human history. 1960 On May 25th, the people of China climbed Mount Everest for the first time. They are Wang Fuzhou, Kampot and Qu. This climb is also the first successful climb from the north slope. 1963-The American expedition led by Norman Dillenforth successfully climbed to the top from the west slope for the first time. 1975- Japanese Junko Tanabe became the first woman in the world to climb Mount Everest from the south slope. That year, the people of China climbed Mount Everest for the second time, and nine members reached the summit. Among them, Tibetan player Panduo became the first woman in the world to successfully climb the summit from the North Slope. 1978-Austrian Peter Haber and Italian reinhold Mesner successfully reached the summit for the first time without using oxygen tanks. 1980-Polish mountaineer Krzysztof Vereker successfully climbed Mount Everest for the first time in winter. 1988-A joint mountaineering team of China people, China, Japan and Nepal successfully climbed Mount Everest from the north and south sides for the first time. 196- 15 climbers, including the famous mountaineer rob hall, were killed in the process of climbing the summit, which was the year with the largest number of deaths in the history of climbing Mount Everest. 1998-American Tom Whitaker became the first disabled person in the world to successfully climb Mount Everest. 2000-The famous Nepalese mountaineer Babu Chiri started from the base camp and climbed from the north slope. The successful summit took 16 hours and 56 minutes, setting a record for the fastest summit. 2006 54 38+0- American Vihengmel became the first blind man to climb Mount Everest. 2005-China people successfully climbed Mount Everest and measured the height data of Mount Everest for the fourth time.

Most of the mountains in western China are long and majestic. The Himalayas, located on the border of Xizang Autonomous Region, China, Nepal, India and other countries, stretches for more than 2,400 kilometers with an average elevation of more than 6,000 meters, making it the most majestic mountain range in the world.

In the Himalayas, there are more than 50 peaks above 7000 meters above sea level, and 16 peaks above 8000 meters. The famous peaks are Nanfeng, Xixia Bangma and Gancheng Zhangjia. "Himalaya" means "land of ice and snow" in Tibetan. It is covered with snow and ice all year round, with ice peaks like swords leaning against the sky and glaciers like snake snakes. The highest mountain is Mount Everest, which is located on the border between China and Nepal. It is 8844.43 meters high and is the highest mountain in the world.

Mount Qomolangma is mountainous and has a unique geographical environment. The lowest temperature all the year round is MINUS 30-40 degrees Celsius. It doesn't snow all the year round in some places on the mountain, and glaciers, ice slopes and ice towers can be seen everywhere. The air at the summit is thin, and the oxygen content in the air is only a quarter of that in the eastern plain, and there are often seven or eight strong winds. Twelve strong winds are not uncommon. The wind blows snow, and the spray flies and fills the sky. Mount Everest is of great scientific research value and has long attracted people's attention. 1960, China mountaineers and scientists braved difficulties and overcame many difficulties to climb Mount Everest from the north slope for the first time, creating an unprecedented miracle in the world mountaineering history. Since 1960s, scientists in China have made a comprehensive survey of Mount Everest, and obtained rich and valuable information on paleontology, physical geography, alpine climate, modern glaciers and landforms. 1975, China surveyors climbed Mount Everest again with the cooperation of China mountaineering team, accurately measured its height, and drew a detailed map of Mount Everest. All these provide an extremely important scientific basis for China to develop and utilize the natural resources of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

The Himalayan region where Mount Everest is located used to be an ocean. In the long geological age, a large number of gravels and sediments washed down from the land accumulated in the Himalayan region, forming a marine sedimentary rock layer with a thickness of more than 30 thousand meters. Later, due to the strong orogeny, the Himalayan region was squeezed and lifted violently. According to estimates, it rises by about 20-30 meters every 1 10,000 years, and it is still rising in the Himalayan region until now.