Dr. Ding: How can hypertensive patients spend the winter safely?

What are the adverse effects of climate on blood pressure?

The average systolic blood pressure in winter is 65438 02 mm Hg higher than that in summer, and the average diastolic blood pressure is 6 mm Hg higher than that in summer.

When the temperature drops by 65438 0℃, the systolic blood pressure rises by 65438 0.3 mm Hg, and the diastolic blood pressure rises by 0.6 mm Hg. In addition, the fluctuation of blood pressure in winter is obviously greater than that in summer.

The main danger brought by the increase of blood pressure fluctuation is the increase of complications, especially the increase of cerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction and acute left heart failure.

Every winter, the wind cools down, and the emergency room of the hospital is overcrowded, and the number of patients with myocardial infarction increases significantly, especially in the northern region.

In the cold season, if the patient is in a state of fatigue, tension and excitement, it will increase blood pressure and increase the risk of adverse consequences.

When winter comes, patients with hypertension should increase their blood pressure self-test, find abnormalities in time, seek medical advice in time, and adjust their medication.

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Adhere to the "three wants and three don 'ts" in drug rehabilitation

We must insist on self-testing blood pressure in winter. If blood pressure is found to be elevated, try not to adjust the dosage and type of drugs by yourself, and seek medical advice in time.

Winter is the season of high incidence of stroke and myocardial infarction. We should insist on effective blood pressure reduction to prevent stroke caused by improper medication. Therefore, the characteristics of winter medication are as follows:

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Diet of patients with hypertension in winter

★ Eat more fish and less red meat;

According to the investigation of fishermen in coastal areas, it is found that the incidence of hypertension, coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease of fishermen who eat a variety of fish for a long time is significantly lower than that of other areas. Eskimos eat more deep-water marine fish, and the incidence of hypertension, myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction is also significantly lower than that of whites. It is suggested that eating more fish can reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Although Eskimos have been baptized in severe winter, hypertension and its complications are rare, so it is essential to eat more marine fish. Studies have confirmed that this is closely related to the large amount of unsaturated fatty acids in deep-sea fish.

Pork, beef and mutton contain high cholesterol and saturated fatty acids; Fish food contains more unsaturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acid is a kind of fat component directly related to atherosclerosis. Eating a lot of saturated fatty acids will increase the synthesis of cholesterol in human body. If we reduce the total fat in food, reduce saturated fatty acids and increase the intake of unsaturated fatty acids, it will not only help to control the blood lipid level, but also have obvious benefits to blood pressure. Therefore, we advocate that patients with hypertension eat more fish with high unsaturated fatty acids in winter and eat less or no red meat.

★ Patients with hypertension should be careful when drinking coffee in winter;

Drinking coffee for the first time can raise blood pressure 1 1/5mmHg for about 3 hours, and at the same time make people excited. People who drink coffee often show mental excitement, but their blood pressure does not rise. Therefore, for patients with hypertension, whether to drink coffee needs to vary from person to person. If you have the habit of drinking coffee regularly, you can still let coffee drive away the cold in winter, but it is best to avoid drinking strong coffee and drinking coffee partners, because coffee partners are at risk of raising blood sugar.

★ Do not drink strong tea:

Tea contains caffeine and theophylline, which has a certain exciting effect on the cardiovascular system. It is not advisable to drink strong tea. Tea polyphenols in tea can promote the absorption of vitamin C, and also contain nicotinic acid, which can maintain the normal permeability of blood vessels and play a protective role. Theophylline also has the function of dilating blood vessels and diuresis, so drinking tea has a mild antihypertensive effect. You can drink light black tea in winter.

★ Patients with hypertension should be careful when drinking coffee in winter;

Generally speaking, if you are not thirsty in winter, insist on drinking proper amount of boiled water or light tea every day and replenish water reasonably, which is conducive to diluting and cleaning blood, ensuring smooth blood flow and reducing the occurrence of hypertension complications.

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Cold and warm

★ Pay attention to the weather forecast:

In winter, patients with hypertension should always listen to the weather forecast and add clothes in time according to the weather changes;

★ Warm feet make you feel comfortable;

Shoes and socks should be warm, breathable and hygroscopic, the soles should be non-slip and the feet should be warm and comfortable.

★ Try not to go out in windy, rainy and snowy days;

Don't go out on windy, rainy and snowy days when the cold wave transits to avoid cold stimulation;

★ Room temperature 18~26℃, preferably 55%:

The room should keep fresh air and proper temperature and humidity. Whether using heating or air conditioning, room temperature 18-26℃ and humidity 55%.

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Moderate exercise

Reasonable exercise is beneficial to blood pressure control and reduce complications.

Exercise intensity: In winter, patients with hypertension should master the amount of exercise according to their physical condition and blood pressure, taking their own comfort as the standard.

Exercise time: However, it should be reminded that patients with hypertension who have the habit of doing morning exercises have to wait until the sun rises in winter morning and exercise less than in summer.

★ 1. Walking: the easiest.

Walking is the easiest way and can be used by all kinds of patients with hypertension. After walking for a long time, diastolic blood pressure can be significantly reduced and symptoms will be improved.

The walking time is generally 15-50 minutes, 1-2 times a day, and the speed can be determined according to everyone's physical condition.

Walking in a place with fresh outdoor air is a simple and easy way to prevent and treat hypertension through exercise.

★ Jogging: Suitable for those with better blood pressure control.

Jogging and long-distance running exercise more than walking, suitable for patients whose blood pressure has been controlled.

The highest heart rate of hypertensive patients when jogging can reach 120- 136 beats per minute. Long-term exercise can make blood pressure drop steadily, pulse steady, digestive function enhanced and symptoms alleviated.

The running time can be gradually increased from less to 15-30 minutes.

Slow down and don't run too fast, especially those with coronary heart disease, which is not suitable for long-distance running to avoid accidents.

★ Ball Games: Try to choose "small balls"

Patients who like ball games should try to choose "small balls". Such as table tennis, badminton, billiards, bowling and golf. But don't take too long and exercise too much.

★ Tai Ji Chuan: It helps to improve balance and coordination.

Tai Ji Chuan has a remarkable effect on preventing and treating hypertension. Tai Ji Chuan contains balanced and coordinated movements, which is helpful to improve the balance and coordination of movements of patients with hypertension.

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