Copenhagen Conference, developed countries’ plans

Focus 1: Can developed countries reach an agreement? ? Whether the Copenhagen Conference can reach a substantive and workable agreement on specific emission reduction targets for developed countries is a key to the success of the conference. ? At present, more and more developed countries have begun to tentatively set out their national emission reduction targets. The European Union has always been the most active on the issue of emission reduction, having set its 2020 emission reduction target early. In the United States, although the Obama administration is more proactive than its predecessor, as the domestic climate change bill is still under discussion, whether the United States can make specific commitments at the Copenhagen Conference also attracts attention. ? As early as September, Japan's newly-appointed Yukio Hatoyama government also proposed a 25% emission reduction target. However, this is predicated on reaching a comprehensive and effective agreement in Copenhagen. ? Minister Kramer, head of the Dutch delegation, said in an exclusive interview with this reporter that the climate summit will reach a framework agreement on national emission reduction targets, financial support, innovative technology transfer and other aspects. After that, it can be done in a few months. Form a binding and operable legal framework. ? Focus 2: ? The bottom line of participation for developing countries? "The focus of the Copenhagen Conference should be on realizing a firm and practical proposal, and developing countries need to take immediate and concrete actions." At the opening ceremony of the United Nations Climate Conference yesterday, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Secretariat (UNFCC) implemented Secretary De Boer said so. At the previous press conference, De Boer also stated that clarifying the scope and degree of participation of developing countries is an important part of the Copenhagen Conference. ? Before the meeting, developing countries have shown their intention to actively participate in emission reduction. China announced before the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference that it will reduce carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP in 2020 by 40% to 45% compared with 2005. Brazil plans to reduce emissions by 36.1% to 38.9% by 2020 based on expectations. ? However, the emission reduction commitments of developing countries have a bottom line. "China and India are both developing countries and victims of climate change. China and India have no obligation to undertake binding emission reduction targets." said Qin Gang, spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ? In 1992, the United Nations formulated the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the core content of which is the principle of "similar but differentiated responsibilities." According to this principle, developed countries take the lead in reducing emissions and provide financial and technical support to developing countries; developing countries, with the technical and financial support from developed countries, take measures to mitigate or adapt to climate change. ? In 1997, the third Conference of the Parties to the Convention adopted the Kyoto Protocol, which fixed the "differentiated responsibilities" of developed and developing countries in the form of regulations for the first time in human history. The United States has not approved this legal document because it is unwilling to recognize "differentiated responsibilities." In the negotiations over the past few years, some developed countries, including the United States, have tried to abandon the Protocol and start a new one, in order to achieve the goal of allowing developing countries to also participate in mandatory emission reductions. ? Based on this principle, before the Copenhagen Climate Conference, China and other major developing countries rejected the Danish draft's request to reduce the world's greenhouse gas emissions to half by 2050. ? Focus 3:? Can developed countries provide support? ? The participation of developing countries in emission reduction is directly related to whether developed countries can provide strong financial and technical support. Previously, developed countries have been unwilling to relent on this issue. Currently, developing countries require US$400 billion in annual financial support from developed countries to achieve emission reductions, but developed countries have been unwilling to make commitments. ? De Boer, Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Secretariat, said that more than 100 underdeveloped countries rely entirely on financial support to reduce emissions and adapt to climate change. Therefore, developed countries must clarify their long-term and short-term financial support for developing countries. . Topics: The goal of the meeting is to discuss an agreement to replace the Kyoto Protocol that expires in 2012, and to clarify the following issues: 1. Exhaust gas emission reduction targets for developed countries; 2. Developing countries The country’s commitment to reducing exhaust emissions; 3. Financial and technical support to developing countries to encourage them to reduce exhaust emissions and adapt to the impact of climate change; 4. Establish an effective institutional structure with governance capabilities to deal with the problems in developing countries. The nation’s financial needs for climate change. ?

United States: China and India will impose "carbon tariffs" if they do not reduce emissions? Developed countries led by the United States have warned countries such as China and India: If they do not cooperate on international emission reduction measures, it will be more likely Encountered protectionist measures implemented by the U.S. Congress, including “carbon tariff” provisions. The United States first announced its emission reduction commitment at the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference to reduce emissions by 4% based on 1990 levels. Japan urges the United States to commit to emission reductions?

Japanese climate officials said that the difference between the United States and Japan is that Japan has made specific emission reduction commitments to the international community, while the United States has not. ? Canada will not significantly increase its emission reduction target?

Canada’s greenhouse gas emission reduction target is to reduce emissions by approximately 2% by 2020 based on 1990 levels. Canada will not consider significantly adjusting this target. ?

France

Committed to reducing emissions by 50%?

Brazil and France have agreed to adopt the same stance.

They will work to reduce emissions levels in industrialized countries by 50% by 2050 compared with 1990 levels and urge the United States and China to take strong action. ?

EU

Will further reductions depend on other developed countries?

Although it is difficult to reach an emissions reduction agreement at the global government level, this does not affect the EU’s Leading the way in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. ?

Australia: reduce emissions by 25% compared to 2000

Australia, which is plagued by extreme weather and drought, appears to be relatively conservative in reducing emissions. Although it has promised to reduce emissions by 25%, this The figures are based on emissions levels in 2000, not 1990 as in other developed countries.