Textual research on the life of Meng Chang, the late ruler of Shu.

Meng Chang (9 19 ~ 965) was the king of Shu in the Five Dynasties. He was in office from 934 to 965. Meng Zhixiang's third son. The place name is good, and the word is guaranteed. After he ascended the throne, he was United by Qin, Jie and Cheng in the late Jin Dynasty and captured Fengzhou, knowing that it was the hometown of Shu. Song Gande three years (965). Song Bing entered Chengdu, surrendered to Song Dynasty, and went to Kaifeng to seal the king of Qin.

In the Five Dynasties, Meng Zhixiang served as our ambassador and gave up our post. After the death of Ming Taizu in the late Tang Dynasty, Meng Zhixiang arrogantly called himself the emperor, which was called Houshu in history. Meng Zhixiang died within a few months, and his son Meng Chang ascended the throne as a dead man. Meng Chang is only sixteen years old. He likes literary and artistic ci. He once ordered ten classics, such as The Analects of Confucius, Erya, Zhouyi and Shangshu, to be engraved on stone, which took eight years to complete. I am afraid that the stone carving classics will not be widely circulated, so I will engrave them on the wooden board to facilitate their circulation. Later generations carved books in wood, which began in Meng Changjun.

At the beginning, Meng Changjun was able to make great efforts, but with the stability of the national political situation, he began to relax. Because Wang Zhaoyuan, a dude, is good at bragging and ingratiating himself, Meng Chang likes him very much, so he is very serious about him. All government affairs are handled by Wang Zhaoyuan. I sing, dance and entertain day and night. In order to play ball, he seized the fields of the people as a horse farm for playing ball, and ordered the ladies-in-waiting to put on colorful brocade and fly back and forth like butterflies.

Meng Changjun suspected that there were no stunning beauties in the harem, so she recruited beautiful women from Sichuan to fill the harem. There is a woman named Fei in Qingcheng, who is elegant and good at singing fine tunes. When the Lord heard of his talent, he was elected to the palace and loved it very much. Because the concubine of the former Shu Wang Jian was named Mrs. Hua Rui, she was named after herself, and the concubine was named Mrs. Hua Rui.

The gentle and romantic Mrs. Huarui has a genius voice. Every time she waits for a banquet, she taps her red teeth and the ebony board, and the sound is like flowing water, and the sound lingers around the beam for three days. After Sunday's meal, I feel that the dishes are all old things, and I feel sick when I come up, so I can't serve them. In order to please Meng Chang, Mrs. Hua Rui is ingenious. She cooked it with washed white sheep head and Redmi, rolled it tightly, pressed the stone, drowned it with wine, and made the taste of wine bone-deep. Then she cut it into thin paper and it tasted delicious. At that time, it was called "flying sheep head", also called "rotten wine bone".

When the late master meets the moon, he must be vegetarian and take potato medicine. Mrs. Hua Rui sliced the potato medicine, mixed it with lotus powder, and blended the five flavors. Fragrant and crisp, white as silver, shaped like the moon, the palace called it "a plate on the moon." The remaining dishes, especially the newly cooked ones, are countless. The emperor ordered the royal catering department to publish a food list, with as many as 100 copies, each of which is worth a royal banquet. There is no heavy taste every day, which makes Meng Chang's love for Mrs. Hua Rui deeper and deeper.

Mrs. Huarui loves peony and red gardenia best. Therefore, my ancestors opened Xuanhua Garden and spared no expense to collect peony flowers everywhere and plant them in the Inner Palace Garden. Change the garden into a peony garden. When it blooms in spring, there are ten double flowers, three of which are Huang San white, four are yellow and one is white, and the rest are deep red, light red, deep purple, light purple, light flowers and huge yellow and white; Positive halo, lateral halo, gold band edge, silver band edge; There are as many as 50 branches, auxiliary pens, acacia trees and overlapping tables, with a surface diameter of seven or eight inches. Sandalwood is like ink, and bloom is like thyme. The late Lord and Mrs. Hua Rui spent every day singing poetry, drinking and playing the piano. The red gardenia is reddish in color, with six petals and a fragrant smell. Mrs. Huarui said that gardenia has the fragrance of peony and plum blossom, and is a fairy among flowers. There are only two kinds of gardenias, which the common people have never seen. Some people draw flowers on the round fan to show off to others. Later, learning from each other became commonplace. Not only are red gardenias painted on fans, but also good children embroider gardenias on their clothes and parade around. Women cut silk goose feathers, made red gardenias, and put them in temples as decorations. For a time, the phoenix hairpin ring, golden cymbals and silver hairpin in Shu were all abandoned, and red gardenias were worn together, which became the fashion at that time.

The late Lord also ordered all kinds of hibiscus to be planted in villages along the city. In autumn, hibiscus is in full bloom, and it runs four miles along the city. At first glance it looks like a red cloud. Women from all over the city came to play with jewels, and then formed an array, pulling boats with flutes and drums and marching in teams. When my late Lord left the palace, he brought countless ladies-in-waiting officials, all wearing fine clothes and embroidered socks. The traffic was busy and the dust was fragrant. Shu is called "Jincheng", worthy of its name.

After each banquet, the late Lord, together with Mrs. Hua Rui, called the harem beauties to the court, personally selected them, selected the elegant ones, added the titles, and took turns to enter the DPRK and appointed the titles of concubines, totaling fourteen items. Its rank is equivalent to that of a public official or a scholar-bureaucrat, and the monthly amount of fragrant powder is exclusively distributed by the internal reference supervisor, which is called the end of the month. When it was time to pay their salaries, Master Chi personally watched. Thousands of imperial secretaries sent them by name, one by one went to the imperial bed, collected them in person, and told them to give money to buy them. Mrs. Hua Rui wrote a poem about this matter: "In the first month, I spent money, and there were nearly a thousand maids; When I met the roll call, I was too silent to walk through the imperial bed. "

Meng Changjun didn't know the disaster came from heaven, and he was the Taiping Emperor for nearly 30 years. He always thinks that God will protect him, and the Shu Road is far and dangerous. He thinks that Songshi will come back in vain. However, Song Jun kept forging ahead, and Wang Quanbin and others even took Xingzhou and other places, all the way in-depth, repaired the plank road burned by the Shu army, and embarked on the natural barrier leading to the big empty village. Wang Zhaoyuan came to meet the enemy, lost three wars and ran to Lizhou. Song Jun chased him, and he continued to run wildly, handing over his sword door and refusing to keep it. Those who had never walked through the Shu Road suddenly appeared behind the Shu army. Suddenly the two sides fought, and Wang Zhaoyuan was so scared that he collapsed on the Hu bed and couldn't get up. After the fall of Jianmen, Wang Zhaoyuan fled again and was soon captured by Song Jun in Dongchuan. Zhuge Liang became a pig, a dog and a wolf.

Meng, the prince of Houshu, laughed and played all the way. Suddenly the news of Jianmen's defeat came, scaring him and several followers to abandon the army and flee to Chengdu. At this point, Meng Yuncai woke up like a dream, knowing that Song Jun had been in Enemy at the Gates. Between panic and fear, he asked about the strategy of retreating the enemy. After a long time, an old soldier came up with an idea: "Song Jun is far away and won't last long. Please gather your troops and stick to the enemy. " Meng Changjun thought for a long time and sighed, "My father and son have raised scholars for forty years, and they are well fed and clothed. Once they meet the enemy, they have nothing to do with me. Now I have to be trapped in a lonely city. Who will work hard? "

Li Hao, a respected Shu state, advised Meng Changjun to "close the library and surrender". In desperation, Meng Chang had to listen and ordered Li Hao to draft a surrender book for himself. When Yan of the previous dynasty perished, this book was also written by Li Da-ren. So, someone wrote a few big characters on the gate of Li Hao overnight: "Shi Xiu showed the Li family."

Wang Quanbin's army arrived at the Shengxian Bridge in Chengdu, and Meng Changjun prepared the ceremony of national subjugation, knelt at the gate of the army and put it on the table. It is only 66 days since Song Jun sent troops to Bianjing and defected to Meng Changjun. Houshu perished. In July of the fourth year of Stegosaurus (963), Meng Chang moved his family to Bianjing and Mingde Yu. Song Taizu issued a letter to release the sin, gave Meng Chang a crown belt and a coat, and named him the third division of Kaifuyi, the proofreader and the Taishi of Zhongshu, and the king of Qin. Seven days later, the late Shu Wang suddenly died at home. It is estimated that Zhao Guangyi poisoned him.

After Meng Chang's death, Song Taizu called Mrs. Hua Rui into the palace. Earlier, Mao had heard that Mrs. Hua Rui was famous and ordered her to write poems. The beautiful girl who died in the country casually recited a poem entitled "Death in the Country": "I don't know if the flag is hung on the city. One hundred and forty thousand people were disarmed, and none of them were men. " Zhao Kuangyin enjoyed herself for a long time, admiring Mrs. Huarui's snow skin and ice muscles.

Cultural development

Except for Mrs. Huarui, Meng Changjun seems to be just a general monarch of subjugation, with nothing special. In fact, he has made great contributions to cultural undertakings.

He was fond of literary ci-fu. After three years of Zheng Guang (940), he ordered Wei Wei, Shao Qing and Zhao Chongzuo to collect "500 poems written by poets in ten volumes" at that time, and named them "Collection of Flowers". In April this year, Ouyang Jiong, a bachelor of Hanlin, made a preface. Later generations regarded him as the ancestor of literati's lyrics and songs, which had a great influence on later generations. In the second year (94 1), Mengchang Imperial Decree History Museum edited 500 volumes of ancient and modern rhymes, which was a huge project, but unfortunately it was not handed down.

In the 16th year of Zheng Guang (953), Meng Chang ordered ten classics, such as The Analects of Confucius, Erya, Zhouyi and Shangshu, to be engraved on a stone, all of which were based on the old Taihe edition and took eight years to carve. I am afraid that the stone carving classics will not be widely circulated, so I will engrave them on the wooden board to facilitate their circulation. Later generations carved books in wood, which began in Meng Changjun.

Meng Chang also founded the first painting academy in the history of China, and invited more than 50 famous painters from Sichuan, including Huang Quan, a master of flowers and birds, to paint in hospital. Meng Chang is also very creative in music. The "Nanguan" music circulating in Taiwan Province Province today is called "Tangyin" by foreigners, but it was actually produced by Meng Chang.

Empty Hou Zhai yue

Meng Chang and Li Yu really have too many similarities. They are all kings of national subjugation, but they are not fatuous or cruel. They are all cultural celebrities, but Meng Chang is comprehensive, but there are not many influential personal works handed down from generation to generation, and Li Yu's poems about national subjugation are very touching. This is related to Meng Chang's poisoning shortly after he arrived in Kaifeng. History didn't give him time to write "poems of national subjugation", but Li Yu lived in Kaifeng for several years and had plenty of time to write.

Meng Changjun has Mrs. Huarui, and Li Yu has Da Zhou and Xiao Zhou, all of which left a much-told story. If they didn't die, their story with women wouldn't be a heartbreaking tragedy, nor would there be too many touching factors, but just a wretched excuse. It was the tragedy of national subjugation that made them both, and Li Yu was only a scholar in the final analysis. Meng Chang has a prominent position in the cultural history of China because of his first collection of literati songs and fu, the first painting academy, large-scale stone carvings and well-preserved "Nanguan" music.

One of the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries. Built by Meng Zhixiang. Chengdu (now Sichuan). In its heyday, the territory was about most of Sichuan, southeastern Gansu, southwestern Shaanxi and western Hubei. Second master, * * * forty years.

In the third year of Tongguang (925), before Shu destroyed the Tang Dynasty, Meng Zhixiang (874 ~ 934) was appointed as our ambassador to Xichuan. In the first month of the following year, Meng Zhixiang went to Chengdu to rectify the bureaucracy, reduce exorbitant taxes and gradually stabilize the site. In the third year of Changxing (932), Zhixiang killed Dong Zhang, the envoy of Dongchuan, and gained the land of Dongchuan. In four years, he was named King of Shu. In the first year of Yingshun in the later Tang Dynasty (934), Emperor Min became emperor after knowing Xiang, with the title of Mingde and the history of Shu. In the same year, Meng Zhixiang died, and his son Meng Chang (9 19 ~ 965) succeeded to the throne, still using the year number of Mingde. Mingde five years (938), gaiyuan.

When the Khitan destroyed the gold, Qin (now Qin 'an North, Gansu), Cheng (now Cheng County, Gansu) and Jie (now Wudu East, Gansu) belonged to Houshu. After Shu captured Fengzhou (now east of Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province), Xinjiang scholars joined Shu. In the eighteenth year of Zheng Guang (in 955, the second year of Xiande in the later Zhou Dynasty), Qin, Jie, Cheng and Feng were captured by the latter Zhou Dynasty. In the third year of Gande in the Northern Song Dynasty (965), he sent troops to attack Shu, Meng Changjun fell, and then Shu died. In the same year, Meng Chang died.

Shu is very rich. During the reign of Meng Zhixiang and Meng Chang, there were few domestic wars and social and economic development. Houshu and South Tang Dou were economically and culturally developed areas in the Five Dynasties. Wu and Zhao Chongzuo, the prime ministers of the post-Shu Dynasty, compiled 500 Tang and Wu pronouns into Huajian Collection, which had a great influence on later generations. Wu also went out to run a school library with a private fortune of one million yuan, and asked someone to engrave the Nine Classics, taking Shuzhong as the teacher and "reviving the literature in Shuzhong". At that time, we often served as imperial guards and lived in Chengdu. After Meng Changsi was established, civil servants were appointed as judges in these areas. This measure set a precedent for weakening the buffer region in the Song Dynasty.