China's ancient contribution to the development of world astronomy.

Astronomy has made great progress. In the past 60 years, China has made many achievements in human exploration of the mysteries of the universe, which has played an important role in promoting scientific and technological achievements.

With the continuous development of space technology, space industry has become one of the strategic commanding heights of national high-tech development. The space industry has provided new historical opportunities, and astronomy has made important contributions to serving the country's major strategic needs. In recent years, the concept, engineering innovation and phased implementation of communication satellite navigation system and the opening of application programs have laid the task of astronomical science and technology in national navigation, successfully completed the achievements of ground application system and real-time VLBI technology research and development of major national lunar exploration projects, and successfully applied to lunar satellite orbit determination system, space target debris observation research and system construction. The construction and operation of astronomy is reflected in the irreplaceable role of major national projects and applications.

Last year, during the flight, "God" walked with the astronauts who walked in space for the first time. Then, the astronauts exposed to space put on spacesuits and worry about space junk, otherwise the consequences may be unimaginable. Therefore, monitoring and predicting space debris is a necessary condition for spacewalking. However, because the space environment is easy to "change face", it is more difficult to grasp the space "weather forecast" & gt

In addition to monitoring space debris, astronomy is also an aviation technical service field, where many rockets, satellites and spacecraft are launched, recovered and operated. It is necessary to use the theory of celestial mechanics to design and calculate the flight position, so as to determine the method of astronomical observation and observe the position of the celestial body whose attitude is corrected and controlled. In addition, the activity on the strong surface of the sun is often caused by a large number of charged particles spraying strong ultraviolet rays, which seriously disturbs the earth's magnetic field and ionosphere, leading to the interruption of short-wave radio communication. Therefore, we must carefully observe the sun, various activities and the surface of the sun to determine the appropriate monitoring and forecasting time and space activities.

In China, another major space exploration activity-the control project next month, China Academy of Sciences and VLBI network will also play a decisive role. The network is a subsystem for measuring the railway system. There are four telescopes in Beijing, Shanghai, Kunming and Urumqi, and the data processing center is located in Shanghai Observatory. This network is equivalent to the resolution of a telescope with a diameter of more than 3,000 kilometers, and the angle measurement accuracy of a giant telescope is higher.

Chang 'e's first task was the first subsystem of railway science and VLBI measurement, which was officially implemented by the Social Science Department of China Academy of Social Sciences on the first day of the phase-modulated 24-hour satellite VLBI station on October 27th, 2007. After completing the 24-hour and 48-hour phase-modulated orbits, the moon captured orbital segments and a large number of measurement tasks. The VLBI measurement data is transmitted to the central measurement equipment of Beijing Aerospace Control Center and data processing subsystem in time, which meets the requirements of this project. Chang 'e-1 satellite has made important contributions to the excellent railway survey.

"Astronomy is a basic science, but it can also be a realistic demand, which will further promote the economic and social development of China and the development of astronomy in China, and better serve the production and life of the broad masses of people," he said.

An impressive harvest.

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Chen Jiansheng, an academician of China Academy of Sciences and an astrophysicist, believes that astronomy has always been a symbol of a country's prosperity and civilized development.

Astronomy had a glorious past. China has the world's oldest and richest astronomical records such as eclipses and comets, exquisite ancient astronomical instruments, armbands and simple instruments, and famous astronomers such as Zhang Heng and Guo Shoujing. China's ancient astronomy, world astronomy and the development of human civilization have all made important contributions. The couple divorced irretrievably.

After the founding of New China, the Chinese Astronomical Society started and caught up with the advanced world level. Especially in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's astronomical cause has ushered in a golden age of development. 2. 16m optical telescope was built in 1989, which filled the gap in millimeter-wave VLBI astronomy.

Since the 20th century, China has made remarkable achievements in astronomy. LAMOST China, an astronomical telescope that once completed a landmark event, mastered the most advanced modern telescope technology and innovative manufacturing, built the world's largest aperture optical digital spectrum measuring telescope, and launched the first space astronomical hard X-ray modulation telescope (HXMT) for detection. International astronomical circles pay attention to astronomical research. At the same time, remarkable achievements have been made in the construction of astronomical teams in China, and some outstanding young talents have emerged.

The development of astronomy is not only theoretical research, but also trouble. We must rely on the state-of-the-art observation equipment and stations. In order to study celestial bodies, observation stations have been established all over the country in the past 60 years, and fruitful results have been achieved. This is actually the best proof. The rapid development and change of astronomy in China. Wang Yi, a researcher at China National Astronomical Observatory Research Institute, said.

Nanjing skylight, National Astronomical Observatory, was founded in 1958. More than 40 years ago, there were more than 40 kinds of astronomical instruments to complete our astronomical observation, including stellar physics, solar physics observation instruments, satellite observation instruments, astrometry observation instruments, radio astronomy instruments and space astronomy observation instruments.

Beijing Miyun 40-meter-diameter radio telescope and 50-meter-diameter antenna located on the website of Phoenix Mountain Station of Yunnan Observatory are used to receive data and a series of data composed of deep space (moon) detector system and orbit determination observation. The mission of the Kumamoto unit of VLBI is also one of China's lunar exploration projects (Chang 'e).

Why has China made remarkable achievements in astronomy? Wang Yi, which is inextricably linked with the cause of astronomy, cares and supports the country: First, China's investment in astronomical research has increased; Second, in recent years, China has introduced a series of personnel policies to attract a large number of overseas high-level talents and cultivate outstanding astronomical talents; Third, gradually form a good system for the development of astronomy.

"The purpose of unremitting efforts, the world's leading astronomy has a long and glorious history, but the development of modern astronomy in this process, however," However, since the founding of New China, especially in the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's astronomy has made great progress, and has reached or exceeded the international advanced level in some fields. "Wang Yi? Go ahead.

The international influence of a series of China astronomers on the modern astronomical research of dark matter and large-scale structure of the universe in this field has reached an unprecedented height. They found that the cosmic electron spectrum is in the energy industry expected by the high ratio theory, which may be the first evidence of the annihilation of dark matter particles; Numerical simulation and observation statistics reveal the formation and evolution characteristics of large-scale structures of galaxies and the universe, thus describing the halo of matter and dark matter, supplementing the evolution distribution of dark matter in the universe with high-energy X-ray observation, revealing the energy level and structure of matter, and revealing the maximum gravitational constraint of gravitational lens effect on galaxies in the universe. ...

In order to catch up with the international advanced level, make full use of the advantages of another method of our astronomers. "Always behind the blind, of course, we should give play to our own characteristics, such as Huairou solar observation base and the diameter of the telescope. It is the largest in the world, but technically irreplaceable people are becoming more and more famous in the world." He said.

The solar multi-channel telescope in Huairou Solar Observation Base can measure the video vector magnetic field and velocity field of the sun at different heights and scales, as well as the spectral scanning profile of the profile and Stokes parameters. It is the most powerful functional observation in the world.

With this tool, the spherical solar telescope system of Rizhao and Huairou solar observation bases is at the international leading level. The physical process of solar chromosphere of vector magnetic field and the solar magnetic field activity of magnetic field are in the forefront of the world and at the advanced level of world research. The Great Bear Lake Observatory and the United States are the first pioneering research field of solar physics in the world, where the sun will never set.

In order to explore the first light emitted by the first generation celestial bodies in the universe, we lay in Xinjiang, deep in the Tianshan Mountains, the first photodetector array telescope in the universe. Since the summer of 2006, the factory has been in operation and is in a leading position in the competition of similar projects.

The National Astronomical Observatory, the China Academy of Sciences and the Argentine National University of San Juan cooperated to establish a satellite laser ranging station. South America and China have developed a 600 mm telescope and a satellite laser measurement system with high installation accuracy. International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) is a global instrument with the highest observation data, which is very important.

Astronomers successfully installed a small optical telescope array (CSTAR) on the dome during China's 24th Antarctic expedition, including astronomical observation and field measurement instruments. It provides a rare opportunity for this work, and our research has entered the world's advanced frontier science ranks in the fields of dark matter, dark energy and exoplanet detection.

Looking forward to the future, China will open up space astronomy and Antarctic astronomy, and participate in the international cooperation of 30-meter optical/infrared telescopes on the ground to explore a broader development prospect and the development of China. Therefore, China has firmly occupied a place in astronomical research and is at the international advanced level.