Experts suggest that farmers receive a pension of more than 100 yuan at the age of 60, which is consistent with the growth rate of retirement wages for urban workers.

Report to the 20th CPC National Congress pointed out that it is necessary to "improve the social security system", "improve the multi-level social security system covering the whole people, coordinating urban and rural areas, being fair, unified, safe, standardized and sustainable" and "expand the coverage of social insurance".

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the reform of China's social security system has entered a fast lane, and a multi-level social security system covering the whole people, coordinating urban and rural areas, being fair, unified and sustainable has gradually taken shape. Unify the old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents by merging the new rural social endowment insurance and urban social endowment insurance; Through the implementation of the reform of the endowment insurance system of government agencies and institutions, it will be merged with the enterprise endowment insurance system; Through the formation of two basic old-age insurance system platforms, urban workers and urban and rural residents, the system gaps of some groups lacking security are filled.

At present, China has established an endowment insurance system consisting of three pillars. The first pillar is basic endowment insurance, the second pillar is enterprise annuity and occupational annuity, and the third pillar includes personal savings endowment insurance and commercial endowment insurance. According to the data of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, by the end of 20021,the proportions of the first pillar, the second pillar and the third pillar were 65.76%, 34.23% and 0.0 1% respectively.

It is not difficult to see that the first pillar mainly bears the heavy responsibility of providing for the aged. The first pillar of old-age insurance is divided into two types, one is the old-age insurance for urban workers, and the other is the old-age insurance for urban and rural residents (the original merger of urban and rural residents). By 2022, China's urban retirees' pensions will increase continuously 18. However, from July 2009 1, the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents will be implemented until 2022. /kloc-During June of 0/3, the central basic pension standard rose from 55 yuan to 98 yuan and only to 43 yuan.

There is still a certain gap between urban and rural residents' old-age insurance and mass old-age security. How to improve the basic old-age insurance benefits for urban and rural residents has become a concern.

Urban and rural residents' pensions are overpaid.

For rural residents, the solution to the pension problem depends on personal savings and children's pension, that is, the pension insurance for urban and rural residents paid by individuals.

Yang Yonglong, an old man from Liu Song Village, Xianghe County, Langfang City, Hebei Province, has a habit all year round. Every afternoon, he likes to push his bike and go to places where old people get together to chat. He goes out at 2 o'clock and goes home at 4 o'clock, and so on.

Yang Yonglong is an old man living alone, suffering from hypertension and diabetes, especially blurred vision caused by hyperglycemia, which brings great inconvenience to life.

"I can't see clearly, I can only feel a car shadow or figure in front, so the bicycle that I usually push out is used as a crutch." Daughter Qiu Lian told the reporter of China Economic Weekly.

There are four people in Yang Yonglong's family. His wife died of hypertension a few years ago, and his son inherited his wife's hypertension. A few years ago, he also died of a cerebral infarction. His only daughter, Qiu Lian, married in Beijing, and often went back to visit her because of the epidemic.

Although he is 74 years old, Yang Yonglong can take care of himself in his daily life. He can not only wash his own clothes, but also cook some simple meals. However, with the cold weather in winter, it is inconvenient for him to cook. Eating food such as bean curd and meat every day depends on my daughter.

"When my father was in good health, he not only took care of my grandfather, but also took care of my mother and my brother's two sons at 16 until primary school. Later, after he got diabetes, his eyes could not see clearly and his quality of life declined a lot. Fortunately, he has participated in the local rural endowment insurance since 2009. Pay 100 yuan a year (now the payment level has become 200 yuan), and pay at the age of 60. Now I can get a pension of 190 yuan every month. " Qiu Lian told the reporter of China Economic Weekly that in addition to receiving a monthly pension, due to his father's bad eyes and severe disability, the village Committee declared a subsidy and subsistence allowance for the severely disabled, plus a nursing fee of 100 yuan and a monthly 650 yuan. Plus the pension, you can get 840 yuan every month.

"All this has benefited from the country's good policies." Qiu Lian's peaceful tone reveals gratitude.

Subsidies and subsistence allowances for severely disabled people are not universal. Besides these, how much can an ordinary farmer in Hebei Province get when he is 60 years old?

Farmers' pension consists of basic pension and personal account pension. The standard of Hebei basic pension is 1 13 yuan, and the level of individual pension mainly depends on individual contributions.

According to the document of the People's Social Welfare Department of Hebei Province, there are seven grades of providing for the aged in Hebei Province, namely, 200 yuan, 300 yuan, 500 yuan, 1000 yuan, 3,000 yuan, 5,000 yuan and 8,000 yuan. The higher the level of individual payment, the higher the payment subsidy you can enjoy, and encourage individuals to pay more. If the payment grade is 100 yuan or 200 yuan subsidizes 30 yuan, the subsidy for each grade will increase by 15 yuan, so the subsidy standards corresponding to different grades are: 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 65, 438+005, 65, 438+020 yuan.

If the lowest payment grade in 200 yuan is normally selected, the balance of personal account of endowment insurance will be at least 3,450 yuan after 15 years of payment and government subsidies, regardless of interest factors. Then, the personal account pension that can be received is 3450/ 139 (because the average life expectancy of people over 60 in China is 139 months) = about 25 yuan, and the total pension is about 25+113 =138 yuan.

If you choose the highest payment level of 8,000 yuan, payment 15 years, plus government subsidy 120 yuan, and the balance of personal account of old-age insurance is at least 12 1800 yuan, then the personal account pension you can receive is 12 1800 yuan. Together with the basic pension, the total pension is about ***876+ 1 13=989 yuan, which is relatively high, truly reflecting the overpayment and overpayment.

Henan receives the most subsidies for basic old-age insurance.

However, not most farmers choose high-level payment. China Economic Weekly reporter learned from Dayang Village, Tetan Township, Xiping County, Henan Province that since the implementation of the old-age insurance for urban and rural residents in 20 12, the village has chosen to pay 100 yuan, and there are more farmers in 200 yuan, and most of the corresponding pensions can be received at 100 yuan.

Chen Liang, secretary of the township party committee who specializes in exploration, gave several cases to the reporter of China Economic Weekly: The villager Guan Guilan started from 20 12 and paid 10 yuan every year, which is enough for 10 years. I am 60 years old and receive a monthly pension 123.25 yuan. Villagers pay 200 yuan every year from 20 12, which is enough for 10 years. When they turn 60 this year, their monthly pension is 126.74 yuan.

Those who choose to pay 500 yuan even 1 000 yuan will receive a slightly higher pension. For example, Zhao Mao, a villager, pays 500 yuan every year, which is enough for 10 years. I am 60 years old this year and receive 164.68 yuan every month. Yin Aiying pays 1000 yuan every year, which is enough for 10 years. At the age of 60, she will receive 2 12. 16 yuan every month.

As of 20021,the number of people participating in the endowment insurance for urban and rural residents in China has exceeded 500 million, and the number of people receiving pensions for urban and rural residents has exceeded 654.38+600 million. Because the basic pension of urban and rural residents' pension is paid by the government, it is a test of local financial ability. Therefore, in order to balance the financial burden of different regions, the Ministry of Finance will also give subsidies.

65438128, the Ministry of Finance issued a notice on the budget of basic old-age insurance subsidies for urban and rural residents in 2023, which was distributed to 37 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government, cities with separate plans and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps).

The allocation table of subsidy funds for urban and rural residents' basic old-age insurance in 2023 issued by the Ministry of Finance shows that the total budget of subsidy funds for urban and rural residents' basic old-age insurance in 2023 is15107 million yuan, which consists of 37 regions including 3/kloc-0 provinces, as well as five cities with separate plans in Dalian, Ningbo, Xiamen, Qingdao and Shenzhen and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.

Where is the most distributed? From the distribution table, Henan, Sichuan, Hebei and Hunan occupy the top four. The data shows that the total amount of subsidy funds allocated by Henan reached1589.723 billion yuan, ranking first; The second place is Sichuan, with a capital of 65.438+0.239885 billion yuan; The third place is Hebei, with a capital of11906.95 million yuan; The fourth place is Hunan, with an allocation of 65.438+0.034766 billion yuan. These four areas are also areas that have received pension insurance subsidies for urban and rural residents exceeding 654.38+0 billion yuan. The remaining areas did not exceed 654.38+0 billion yuan.

In the three provinces with the largest distribution amount, the number of urban and rural residents participating in the old-age insurance and the number of pensioners are also large.

202 1 statistical bulletin on human resources and social security shows that the number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents in Henan Province is 53180,400, an increase of 62 1600 over the end of last year, of which the number of people actually receiving benefits is 143 16600.

The basic endowment insurance for urban and rural residents in Sichuan is 3 18 1500, and the number of people who enjoy the basic endowment insurance for urban and rural residents is 1 1046.

At the end of 20021,the number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents in Hebei Province was 35,528,400, an increase of 67,600 over the previous year, with an increase of 0. 19%. Among them,11014,000 people were eligible for pension.

The highest basic pension in Shanghai is 1300 yuan, and the lowest in Yunnan is only 103 yuan.

Because the retirement benefits of urban and rural residents are composed of basic pension and personal account pension, the basic pension determines the pension benefits of this province when individual contributions are small to a certain extent.

The reporter of China Economic Weekly combed the basic pension standard of 3 1 province urban and rural residents' pension insurance and found that Shanghai was the highest, reaching 1.30 million yuan; Followed by Beijing, the basic pension is 887 yuan. These two cities are in the first echelon. The second echelon is a province with a basic pension of 200-400 yuan, and there are four provinces, namely: Tianjin (307 yuan), Tibet (2 15 yuan), Ningxia (2 10 yuan) and Chongqing (200 yuan). There are as many as 25 provinces with basic pensions between 100-200 yuan.

This means that farmers' pensions in most provinces in China are between 100~200 yuan under the condition of low individual payment standard. If you only receive a monthly pension of 100 yuan, it is obviously unable to support the needs of farmers for the elderly.

Is it necessary to further improve the social security level of farmers?

"Of course it is necessary." Yang, deputy director of China Social Security Research Center of Renmin University of China, told China Economic Weekly that the most urgent issue at present is the fairness of the first pillar. "Now the pensions of civil servants and intellectuals are very high, almost 1 10,000 yuan a month, while farmers only have 1 10,000 yuan, and even some farmers have no pension. The pension of civil servants and intellectuals is 100 times that of farmers. Even the pension of urban workers can reach 3000~4000 yuan, much higher than that of farmers. However, the rural population in China is the majority. /kloc-how can a pension of 0/00 yuan guarantee the basic survival after retirement? "

In Yang's view, pensions should be co-ordinated across the country, regardless of rural and urban areas, so that there will not be a hundred times difference in pensions. "It is suggested that the level of urban and rural pensions should be adjusted in a timely manner according to economic development and price changes, in line with the growth rate of urban workers' pensions."

According to Zhang Shixian, a researcher at China Academy of Social Sciences, it is difficult for urban and rural pensions to reach the same level in a short time. "The urban economic foundation is different, and there are many basic pensions; Wages vary from place to place, and so does the self-funded part. What's more, farmers only pay it once a year, not every month. The pensions of urban and rural residents will certainly not be as much as those of towns. "

Zhang Shixian attributed the low rural pension to the rural land system in China.

"Farmers have land security, which is equivalent to the social security system." Zhang Shixian told the reporter of China Economic Weekly that for a long time, China focused on the development of urban social security and paid relatively little attention to rural social security. "This is also caused by historical reasons, mainly because farmers have land, and the land itself can support the elderly. The so-called rural family pension actually refers to the land income pension. "

Is it feasible to pilot and promote the model of "providing for the aged with land"?

Qiulian's father owns 4 acres of land. He planted wheat in the first winter and harvested it in June the next year. After the wheat harvest is completed, plant the next crop of corn, which can be harvested again in June+10 in 5438.

"Because my father's eyes are not good, I will hire someone to break the corn when it is harvested in June of 5438+00. Excluding seeds, fertilizers, water charges, outsourcing fees and other costs, it can sell more than 3,000 yuan, with an average per mu 1 10,000 yuan; In addition, the wheat harvested in June can also be sold for more than 2,000 yuan. My father can earn more than 5,000 a year, which also makes up for the lack of pension to some extent. "

With the growth of age, Qiulian's father has rented 4 mu of land to others to grow vegetables in recent years, and will give him 2000 yuan rent every year.

"There are still differences between rural areas and cities. For farmers, owning land is equivalent to owning their own vegetable garden, and they don't have to buy food for almost 60% of the year. It will be a little cheaper than in the city. If I don't go to work, I may not get paid, but when I don't go to work in the countryside, I still have food and vegetables to eat. Therefore, although the pension is small, it is ok because of the land. " Qiu Lian said.

In fact, all parts of the country are already exploring the mode of "supporting the elderly with land".

The so-called "land-based old-age care" model is to adopt the principle of "voluntary paid withdrawal" through the reform of rural residential land, allowing rural areas in some areas to return the residential land of the elderly, their attached houses and contracted cultivated land to the collective to replace the old-age care service.

As early as 20 1 1, Longyou County, Zhejiang Province took the lead in exploring the mode of "homestead for the aged" and building apartments for the elderly to solve the problem that lonely old people and low-income households could not build their own new houses and meet the needs of the elderly.

This year, Longyou County's "land-based pension" has been upgraded. According to the pilot New Deal, after the widowed, poor and left-behind elderly people return to their homesteads, the village collective will give compensation of 60,000 to 80,000 yuan. The village has collectively built new apartments for the elderly, and these elderly people can live for free for a lifetime. At the same time, the village is equipped with a home-based care center near the newly-built or existing apartments for the elderly, providing daily services such as helping meals, cleaning, bathing, supporting cultural and sports entertainment, rehabilitation nursing and spiritual comfort, so that the elderly can enjoy a happy life at home.

Due to different local conditions, the pilot project of "providing for the aged with land" adapts to local conditions and adopts different methods. For example, the practice in Yiyuan, Shandong Province is to hand over the homestead and cultivated land of the elderly to the collective, and the proceeds to the local old-age care institutions, and the elderly enter the old-age care institutions for the elderly. This is also voluntary participation.

Yi river Nancun, Dongli Town, Yiyuan County, has a population of 1267, elderly people over 70 16 1, and elderly people over 801. With most young people in the village going to cities to study, work and settle down, the problem of hollowing out is prominent, and the phenomenon of elderly people living alone in the village is common. In addition, the income of the elderly mainly comes from land planting income, and their living conditions and care security level are generally low.

Among the 80-year-old people in Nancun, yi river, the houses they live in have been in disrepair for many years, and some still live with their children. Homestead is idle or abandoned, and most of the contracted land has not been reclaimed, which has become a "sleeping asset". The town and village levels have carefully studied relevant policies, and are determined to combine homestead consolidation, land transfer and rural old-age care, and explore a way to build a "mutual happiness house" for rural old-age care.

In the specific operation, following the principle of children's application and the elderly's voluntary participation, it will be necessary to centrally manage the 35-mu homestead and grain ration field under the name of the elderly, and the homestead will be "linked to increase or decrease" and the cultivated land will be transferred in a unified manner. Reclaim and arrange 24 mu of abandoned homestead, and use linked incentive funds to build 6 mu of land for mutual happiness homes without increasing the burden on the village level and using any loans, focusing on providing free accommodation and old-age services for the elderly in need.

Up to now, a mutual happiness home with a total area of more than 4,000 square meters has been built, including 4 courtyards, each with 5 independent and interconnected houses, and 37 people over 80 years old are accommodated. Subsequent land transfer is managed by Yiyuan Hongliang Fruit and Vegetable Professional Cooperative led by the village party branch, and the income is given priority to feed back the mutual happiness hospital to ensure the continuous operation of the mutual happiness hospital. "Providing for the Aged with Land" has played a hidden value-added role of land, turning the land resources that were "sleeping" in the past into a "savings pool" of rural pension funds.

Zhang Shixian affirmed the implementation of the "land-based pension" model in various places. He told the reporter of China Economic Weekly that the problem of "providing for the aged" in rural areas can indeed be solved by effectively revitalizing idle or inefficient land resources in rural areas and building apartments for the elderly or mutual happiness homes. The exploration of "providing for the aged with land" in various places is not only a bold attempt to solve the problem of providing for the aged with peace of mind in rural areas, but also gives some elderly people living in rural areas an extra guarantee, which is worth learning from in other regions.