I have some urgent questions about "Tian Jing Sha·Qiu Si". . .

The sky is pure and the sand is clear? Autumn Thoughts" Ma Zhiyuan

Withered vines and old trees, crows dim, small bridges and flowing water, people's homes, west wind and thin horses on the ancient roads. The sun sets in the west, and the heartbroken people are at the end of the world.

Appreciation:

This poem has only five sentences and 28 words. The language is extremely concise but has a huge capacity. In just a few strokes, it outlines a sad "Wanderer's Thoughts". "Return to the Picture" vividly conveys the wandering heart of a wandering traveler.

This picture consists of two parts:

1. A carefully selected group of scenes that can represent Xiao Qiu forms a picture of the autumn wilderness in the twilight;

< p>2. Express the endless pain in the heart and the silhouette of a wanderer walking alone in the cold autumn.

The first painting has 18 words and nine nouns. There is not a single word in it, but it is naturally smooth and rich in connotation. The author uses his skillful artistic skills to let nine different scenery be bathed in Under the clear brilliance of the setting sun, the scenes are presented to us one after another in a "montage" like a movie lens, taking readers into the late autumn season at once: a few dead vines twining around a few bare trees with withered yellow leaves. The autumn wind trembles in the rustling wind, and the sky is dotted with jackdaws, wailing... It creates a desolate autumn scene, creating a desolate and decadent atmosphere, which highlights the author's inner sadness. We can imagine how miserable and helpless it must be for the dun crow to still have an old tree to return to, but the wanderer is wandering without a home and unable to return! Next, there was a small bridge, gurgling water, and a farmhouse with faint smoke rising from the kitchen. This kind of pastoral scene with people living in it is so quiet and sweet, comfortable and leisurely. All this can't help but remind the wandering wanderer of the small bridges, flowing water and relatives in his hometown. Here, the sad feelings are written with happy scenes, which makes people feel even more desolate, highlighting the helpless and helpless guest's sorrow in the heart of the wanderer in a foreign land.

In the second painting, we can see that in the bleak autumn wind, on the lonely ancient road, the wanderer who is full of nostalgia is riding a thin horse that has delayed his return, in the deep dusk. Walking towards the distance. At this time, the setting sun is setting in the west, casting a cold ray of light. This is the time for birds and birds to return to their nests, sheep and cattle to circle, and people to return home. However, wanderers are still "heartbroken people at the end of the world". At this moment, In this situation, when a wanderer in a foreign land faces such a bleak and desolate scene, how can he not feel sad, how can he not feel heartbroken, how can he not feel heartbroken! A wandering wanderer's heart is dripping with blood in the autumn wind...

A very short ditty expresses indescribable connotations and vividly depicts the miserable and sad inner world of a wandering wanderer. Give people a shocking artistic feeling. It makes people feel the pain even more when they read it, and makes people feel more deeply when they chant it. Those who read this song without crying do not understand its meaning.

The reason why this little poem has received such high praise is that it depicts a wonderful late autumn evening scene, which truly expresses the loneliness and sorrow of people who have fallen to the end of the world. Although the mood is low, , but it reflects the dull atmosphere of the times at that time and has certain social significance. On the other hand, the more important thing is that it has high artistic achievements. The more obvious characteristics are:

1. Simplicity and depth are dependent on each other

The ancient Song Yu once used the words "if it is increased by one point, it is too long, and if it is reduced by one point, it is too short". The beauty's figure is just right. The refinement of the text in "Tian Jing Sha Qiu Si" can also be said to have reached the point where no more words can be added or subtracted. There are only five sentences and twenty-eight characters in the whole article. There is no exaggeration or allusion. It is purely drawn in white to outline such a vivid picture: In the dusk of late autumn, a traveler who has traveled a lot, riding a thin horse, is facing the Waves of cold west wind made me walk alone on the ancient road. He walked past an old tree covered with withered vines and saw dusk crows about to return to their nests circling on the treetops; he walked across a small bridge across the stream and came to the doors of several houses by the stream. The sun was about to set, but he had not yet found a place to stay. Another long night would greet him, and he couldn't help but feel sad and heartbroken. As for why the wanderer wanders here? Where exactly is he going? These implication are left to the readers' imagination. This little order is indeed worthy of being a masterpiece that is concise and meaningful, and uses less to win more. The first three sentences of Xiaoling contain eighteen characters, and they describe nine kinds of things: vines, trees, crows, bridges, water, homes, roads, winds and horses. One word for each word and one scene for each word. "Cherish ink like gold." However, it is concise but not crude. The names of the nine kinds of things are preceded by modifiers that express their respective characteristics, such as dry, old, faint, small, flowing, human, ancient, western, thin, etc., giving each thing a distinctive Personality makes things that are originally unrelated to each other form a unity under the desolate late autumn twilight. The author did not write about the location of these things, nor the relationship between these things and the activities of the wanderers, but readers can imagine and closely connect them. Simplicity reveals depth.

2. Silent scenes and moving scenes complement each other

The artistic effect of "Autumn Thoughts on the Pure Sky and Sand" is also due to the successful use of contrasting techniques.

The author combines many relatively independent things into one picture at the same time, thus forming a mutual contrast between movement and stillness, light and darkness, background and subject: the "flowing water" in motion, and the "small bridge" and "people's house" in static state. "The contrast between the "west wind" and the "ancient road" makes the road more desolate; in the autumn landscape sketched by the author, one side is full of dead vines, old trees, and dusky crows, which look gloomy in the rustling autumn wind. On one side, the afterglow of the setting sun paints the withered vines, old trees, and dusky crows with a golden color; the "small bridges and flowing water and people's houses" present an elegant and comfortable scene, which contrasts with the wanderers who have fallen into a foreign land, making the "heartbroken people" even more Adding sadness. Looking at the entire composition, the first four sentences describe the scenery, and the last sentence describes the people. But people are the main body, and scenery is the background of people's activities. If the background is fully written, the main body will be highlighted. This is the wonderful effect of complementing each other.

3. Scenery and emotions blend together

Poetry expresses aspirations. This little order is intended to express the misery of people who have fallen to the end of the world. But human thoughts and feelings are abstract things and difficult to express. The author uses the traditional writing method of placing feelings on things to vividly depict this miserable and sorrowful feeling. Withered vines, old trees, dusky crows, west winds, thin horses, and sunsets. These tangible and sensible things have obvious late autumn colors and are similar to the intangible and abstract sadness. They use the tangible to express the intangible. It makes people feel concrete and vivid. Just like "How much sorrow can you ask? Just like a river of spring water flowing eastward", "sorrow" and "water" have nothing to do with each other, but the author uses the amount of river water to describe the amount of sorrow, and there is a "similarity" between the two. , using the scene of the river flowing eastward to express the infinite sadness, which is very profound. Natural scenery originally has no thoughts and feelings, but when poets incorporate these objective things into aesthetic understanding and feelings, these things are given emotional colors and integrated with people's thoughts and feelings. "Small bridges and flowing water with people's houses" is just a very common ordinary scenery, but when it is in the same scene as "Heartbroken Man at the End of the World", it is no longer an isolated scene, but becomes a heartbreaking scene for "Heartbroken Man" The trigger of heartbreak gives the picture a sad atmosphere. The so-called "emotions appear due to scenery, and scenery arises due to emotion", this is the truth. "Autumn Thoughts on the Pure Sands" can be called a masterpiece in which there is love in the scenery, scenery in the love, and the scenes are wonderfully combined without leaving any trace.

The same sunset - an expansion of "Tianjingsha? Autumn Thoughts"

It is already the third day of entering the ancient road.

Looking back on the road we came from, the crooked footprints have been buried by the wind and sand; looking forward, the long dust connecting with the sky makes my already exhausted heart almost break.

The sun at noon was still like a brazier, shooting scorching rays viciously towards the ground. At that time, the land seemed to be on fire, and the boiling flames were burning and trying to engulf me. But now, she suddenly became well-behaved, kind, gentle, and even a little cute. Her light steps jumped and danced like a dragonfly on water. Wisps of red light shine on the hills not far away, caressing them gently like a warm hand, caressing their wounds burned by the scorching sun at noon.

Isn’t this the sunset in my hometown that I think about day and night? The warm pictures of the past come to mind again: Our cabin is located by the stream, with a small stone bridge in front of the door. Every day, listen to the gurgling water humming a song, and then feel with your heart the whispers between it and the stone bridge. The happiest moment is watching the setting sun with my brothers and sisters, watching her glide gently to the back of the mountain with full of joy, and the afterglow is still shining in the distant sky. Finally, watching her leave, leaving behind a string of A string of golden blessings...

But the ruthless war has completely destroyed my happy life. In one year, I went from being the most beloved son in the family to a homeless vagrant. I can only choose to escape. The only one accompanying me was this horse, which was getting thinner day by day.

From then on, in my eyes, the setting sun was just a ring hanging on an old tree entangled with dead branches and vines, where ugly crows perched, which made me sad.

Everything was like a dream! The horse neighed, and I came back to my senses and found that the sunset had turned into a fiery red but exquisitely carved jade plate, and the part left on the ground seemed like A beautiful lip blows the huge flute called the horizon, but what it plays is a desolate west wind movement.

Oh, looking at the end of the world, I can’t see the end of the world!

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This is a lonely late autumn dusk.

There is lingering music faintly coming from afar: Don’t ask me where I come from, my hometown is far away, don’t ask me why I wander far away...

Autumn Wind Autumn rain is so sad. The rain has stopped and the sun has set in the west, leaving only half a listless face on the top of the mountain, looking helplessly at this listless world. There are some lonely trees on the roadside with their heads hanging sadly, as if they are trying to break free from some wilting vines entangled in them. There are crows perched on the branches, occasionally circling, and their heavy breathing seems to be heard in the air. The water in the creek on the roadside has almost dried up, and the remaining bit is still struggling silently. The curling smoke reminds passers-by that there are still homes here, but those few rickety little huts really can't give much warmth to the dusk. Xiao Shiqiao has been lying on the river for many years, and it seems that he has never been happy.

The running water is old, the stone slabs are old, and the small bridge is as old as an old centenarian, unable to withstand the trampling of time. Only the winding ancient road leads to the distance with heavy steps and strong energy.

He couldn't remember how long he had been away from home, and he didn't know how far it was to return home. He only felt as if he had been walking on this ancient road for a thousand or ten thousand years. The west wind was already chilling, and he shivered again. The horse trembled under him, making his heart tremble. The horse was so thin, what about himself? He didn't dare to look or think. The west wind picked up again, and he felt the hair on his temples flying wildly. He suddenly felt sad: A wandering man dare not look in the mirror! How many more gray hairs should there be in the mirror!

Let's go, let's go, walk on this ancient road of yellow dust, walk in the spring flowers and autumn moon, and walk in the real history. How far is youth? How far is your hometown? How far is the ideal? Don't think about it, don't ask for it. Another day is about to pass, the ancient road is endless, and the sorrow is endless! In the wind, in the increasingly dark and cold dusk, some sentences suddenly became clear in his heart:

Withered vines, old trees, dusky crows,

Little bridges Houses in the flowing water,

The old road is the west wind and the thin horse,

The setting sun is setting in the west,

The heartbroken people are at the end of the world.

Comment: Ma Zhiyuan’s original work is a landscape painting with light brush and ink, with limited brush and ink but infinite emotion. I admire classmate Yao Future very much. He walked in with his heart. He felt the vicissitudes of his heart and used his true passion and rich imagination as colors to fill the unfinished gaps in the original song. . In this exercise, the most beautiful thing is personification, and the most beautiful thing is mood.

Whether it is the listless face in the setting sun, or the ancient road that forcibly strengthens the spirit, whether it is the wandering heart or the face that dare not look in the mirror, it all comes from the careful and sincere understanding of the original text!