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The relationship between weather and climate and human production and life is mainly affected by meteorological disasters.

Meteorological disasters generally include weather, climate disasters and meteorological secondary and derivative disasters.

Weather and climate disasters refer to typhoon (tropical storm, strong tropical storm), rainstorm (snow), thunderstorm, hail, strong wind, dust, tornado, heavy (thick) fog, high temperature, low temperature, continuous rain, freezing rain, frost, ice accumulation, cold wave, drought, dry hot wind, heat wave, flood, etc.

Meteorological secondary and derivative disasters refer to landslides, mudslides, storm surges, forest fires, acid rain and air pollution caused by meteorological factors.

Major Meteorological Disasters Affecting China

Meteorological disasters are the most frequent and serious natural disasters. China is one of the few countries in the world where natural disasters occur frequently, with various types and serious losses. Every year, due to disasters such as drought, flood, typhoon, rainstorm and hail, people's lives and property are endangered and the national economy suffers huge losses. Moreover, with the rapid development of economy, the losses caused by natural disasters are also on the rise, which directly affects social and economic development.

Main meteorological disasters affecting China:

-Drought refers to a disastrous weather phenomenon that the rainfall is seriously insufficient for a long period of time, which leads to the evaporation and loss of soil moisture, the reduction of river flow and the destruction of normal crop growth and human activities. As a result, the output of crops and fruit trees is reduced, drinking water for people and livestock is difficult, and industrial water is scarce. Drought is the most serious meteorological disaster affecting China's agriculture, resulting in quite serious losses. According to statistics, the average annual drought-affected area of crops in China is more than 300 million mu, and the affected area is 65.438+0.2 billion mu. Due to drought, the annual output is reduced by 65.438+0 billion-65.438+0.5 billion kilograms, and the annual economic loss caused by water shortage is 200 billion yuan. At present, there are more than 420 cities in China suffering from drought and water shortage, and there are 654.38+0.65438 cities suffering from severe water shortage.

-Rainstorm is a short-term or continuous heavy precipitation process. In low-lying and blocked areas, rainwater cannot be discharged quickly, which leads to water accumulation in farmland and supersaturation of soil moisture, which brings disasters to agriculture; Heavy rain may even lead to flash floods, river flooding and dam break, causing huge economic losses to the people and the country. According to the regulations of China's meteorological department, rain with precipitation of more than 50 mm within 24 hours is called "rainstorm". The Yangtze River basin is a region with frequent rainstorms and floods, especially in the two lakes basin and the Yangtze River Delta, where disasters are particularly frequent. 46660.6886868866 1

-Tropical cyclone (typhoon) refers to the strong vortex with high central temperature and low air pressure formed in the tropical marine atmosphere. It is a very destructive weather phenomenon, which will cause severe weather such as strong winds, heavy rains, huge waves and storm surges. In recent years, its average annual loss has exceeded10 billion yuan. For example, Yunna, who landed in Zhejiang in 2004, created10 billion at a time.

-Wind and hail refers to the disaster caused by the ice cubes condensed in cumulonimbus clouds falling from the air under the control of convective weather. Hail is a serious natural disaster, which usually occurs in summer and autumn. According to statistics, the area affected by wind and hail has reached more than 99 million years.

—— Freezing injury at low temperature is mainly an agricultural meteorological disaster caused by the invasion of cold air and cold wave, which causes the temperature to drop for many days, resulting in crop damage and yield reduction. In the years of severe freezing injury, such as 1968, 1975, 1982, the area of frozen dead seedlings reached more than 20%.

-Blizzard, a natural phenomenon of heavy snowfall for a long time, causing a large area of snow disaster. Hazards include: seriously affecting or even destroying lifeline projects such as transportation, communication and transmission lines, which have a great impact on people's production and life. From June, 5438 to February, 2005, Weihai and Yantai in Shandong suffered the biggest snowstorm in 40 years, resulting in direct economic losses of 37 1.43 billion yuan.

Looking back at the severe meteorological disasters in China's history, typhoons caused by droughts, storms and floods and tropical cyclones are the most common and serious disasters in China. Among meteorological disasters, drought is also the biggest and most serious disaster in China. Drought is characterized by a wide range, a long time and a far-reaching impact. Therefore, drought is also the most serious meteorological disaster in China. In China, rainstorm and flood are meteorological disasters second only to drought.

Urban life meteorology (key points)

5. Urban life meteorology pays attention to the influence of meteorological conditions on the natural environment, lifestyle and health of urban residents.

The forecast of life meteorological index is based on the short-term changes of meteorological elements in the future, comprehensively analyzing the impact of changes in meteorological conditions on the living environment, and making a living environment meteorological forecast that is closely related to human life and acceptable to the masses.

V publishes the forecast in the form of index, which can be understood and quantified scientifically.

Five, a wide variety of meteorological service indicators. Due to the difference of climate, region, environment, economic development level and season, the forecast of life meteorological index released by different places is not the same.

Five, the common meteorological index of urban life involves residents' life, municipal safety, medical care, environmental pollution, business activities, tourism services, public safety, etc.

The meteorological indexes of residents' life include ultraviolet index, pollen concentration, human comfort, somatosensory temperature, dressing index, morning exercise index, heat wave index, wind chill index, cold index, hot index, dryness index, mildew index, etc.

Urban living security includes water supply index, air conditioning start-up index (power supply) and heating index.

Medical meteorological indexes, including heatstroke index, cold index, frostbite index, respiratory disease meteorological index, cerebrovascular disease incidence trend, digestive tract disease meteorological index, etc.

V Meteorological index of environmental pollution, including air quality grade, air pollution index, pollution diffusion index, air cleanliness, negative ion meteorological index, etc.

5. Commercial meteorological indexes, including shopping mall passenger flow meteorological index, air conditioning sales index, beer meteorological index, cold drink meteorological index, car wash meteorological index,

V Tourism meteorological index, including tourist index, mountaineering meteorological index, skiing meteorological index, swimming meteorological index forecast, fishing meteorological index, etc.

5 * * * Safety meteorological index, including fire prevention meteorological index, fire risk grade, dryness index, traffic safety, traffic safety index, highway traffic meteorological conditions, etc.

Five, in many meteorological service index, ultraviolet index, human comfort index, air pollution index, respiratory disease index is particularly important.

5. The intensity of ultraviolet radiation refers to the degree of damage that ultraviolet radiation in the sun may cause to human skin and eyes at noon during the day. Excessive sun exposure may damage the skin and eyes, which may lead to skin cancer and cataracts in severe cases.

V pay attention to moderate sunshine, but not excessive; Under normal circumstances, it should not exceed 30 minutes; Pay attention to taking appropriate sun protection measures when going out.

Human body comfort is mainly aimed at human body comfort under different combinations of meteorological factors such as temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. It is generally believed that 70%-80% of people's feelings are the judgment standard.

5. Changes in weather and climate will cause a series of reactions to human physiological functions. First, meteorological conditions can induce or aggravate symptoms. In different seasons and regions, due to the specific climatic environment, certain diseases will occur frequently, such as typhoid fever, colds and digestive system infections.

V when the temperature is 18 degrees, the human brain is the most agile; Above 35 degrees, people's brains will feel tired; Although low temperature makes people's brains awake, the efficiency of using the brain is not ideal.

5. A stable climate with little increase or decrease in air pressure, temperature and humidity is beneficial to people's longevity.

5. Before and after the influence of strong cold air, the symptoms of patients with hypertension, heart disease, cor pulmonale, asthma, tracheitis, ulcer rheumatoid disease, cerebrovascular abnormality and so on are prone to abnormal changes.

5. Meteorological allergy is a disease caused by unfavorable meteorological factors in different seasons, and it can also induce or aggravate some diseases.

V when the weather changes dramatically, meteorological factors such as cold, warm, dry and wet, wind, frost, rain and snow will stimulate, and when the adaptability of the human body decreases, meteorological allergies will occur.

In spring, the climate is changeable. It's sunny today and rainy tomorrow, which often makes people difficult to adapt and easy to be allergic to the weather in spring.

Five, meteorological conditions are closely related to the diffusion, dilution, accumulation and removal of pollutants. Air pollution is serious under meteorological conditions such as inversion layer and foggy weather, so outdoor activities should be avoided.

It is a misunderstanding that people often think that the air is freshest in the morning. In fact, air pollution is the most serious in the morning, evening and evening. The air is fresher and cleaner during the day, noon and afternoon. In a year, the air is freshest in summer and autumn, and the air pollution is heaviest in spring and winter.

Five morning exercises should pay attention to the "four taboos": morning exercises are not as early as possible, and after sunrise is a good time for morning exercises; It is not advisable to do morning exercises on the roadside; In the morning, under the shade of trees and green leaves, the air quality is poor; Morning exercise in foggy weather is harmful and useless.

5. In most areas of our country, the best choice for living houses is "sitting north facing south". Such a house can not only make proper use of the sunshine in winter and summer, but also "skillfully" adapt to the monsoon in winter and summer.

The Impact of Climate Change on Human Society

P Climate is an important part of the natural environment on which human beings depend.

Any climate change will have an impact on natural ecosystems and socio-economic systems.

The impact of global climate change is all-round, multi-scale and multi-level, with both positive and negative effects.

P The negative impact of climate change is more concerned, because the negative impact may endanger the future survival and development of human society.

P Climate change has had and will continue to have a significant impact on natural ecosystems.

P Climate change will change the composition, structure and biomass of vegetation, change the forest distribution pattern and reduce biodiversity.

Glaciers, frozen soil and snow may be reduced.

P Climate change may be one of the main factors leading to lake water level decline and area shrinkage.

Sea level rise will affect coastal zone and marine ecosystem.

Some extreme weather and climate events may increase.

P At present, little is known about the possible changes of extreme weather and climate events after climate warming.

P Previous studies have pointed out that the frequency and intensity of some extreme events closely related to global warming, such as El Ni? o, drought, floods, heat waves, avalanches and storms, sandstorms and forest fires, may increase, and the consequences caused by these extreme events will also increase.

The impact of global warming on natural ecosystems is all-round, and most of them are unfavorable.

P The impact of climate change on the national economy may be mainly negative.

Agriculture may be one of the most sensitive sectors to climate change.

P Climate is an important environment for agricultural production and one of the indispensable main material resources.

P Climate warming will lead to changes in surface runoff, drought and flood frequency and water quality in some areas, especially the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources.

The spread of infectious diseases sensitive to climate change may increase, endangering human health.

P Climate change will affect the living environment of human beings.

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