Who's ernesto guevara?

[1] Nicknamed "El Che or Che", his real name is Ernesto Guevara, and his full name is ernesto rafael guevara de la serna (Spanish: ernesto rafael guevara de la serna). He is an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, doctor, writer, guerrilla leader, military theorist, politician, and the core figure of the Cuban revolution. He once fought side by side with Castro. After his death, he became a universal symbol of counterculture, a symbol of global popular culture, a hero of the international capitalist movement and a symbol of the left. Ernesto guevara was born in a wealthy middle-class family and suffered from asthma since childhood. When he was young, he traveled all over Latin America and was deeply shocked to witness the poverty everywhere. What he saw and heard in these travels led him to conclude that the deep-rooted social inequality in various countries is the result of state monopoly capitalism, neo-colonialism and imperialism, and the only remedy is world revolution. This belief inspired him to intervene in the social reform under the leadership of President Albens guzman. Under the covert planning of the CIA, the Albens regime was finally overthrown in the coup in Guatemala in 1954, ending the extraordinary social changes in Guatemala at that time. From 65438 to 0955, Guevara met Raul Castro and Fidel Castro in Mexico City, joined their July 26th Movement, and returned to Cuba by Granma with the ideal of overthrowing the pro-American dictator Fulgencio Batista. Soon, Guevara emerged in the uprising army and was promoted to column commander with the rank of major. He personally commanded and participated in the Battle of Santa Clara, which decided the final victory of the Cuban Revolution. After the success of the Cuban Revolution, Guevara became a Cuban citizen and held several important positions in the revolutionary government, including governor of the National Bank, minister of industry, members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee of the Cuban Socialist Revolutionary Unity Party and secretary of the Secretariat. Guevara once crossed the earth in the name of a diplomat who preached the Cuban revolution. The militia forces trained by Guevara also defeated American mercenaries in the Battle of Geelong Beach, and brought Soviet ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads to Cuba, which subsequently triggered the Cuban missile crisis of 1962. In addition, he is a sharp and creative writer and diary writer. He wrote a far-reaching guide to guerrilla warfare and a best-selling autobiography about his motorcycle trip across South America. Guevara left Cuba on 1965 and went to Congo (DRC) and Bolivia to try to light the revolutionary flame. After the military action in Congo (DRC) was frustrated, Guevara went to Bolivia to lead guerrilla activities. Finally, because the local farmers betrayed him, he was arrested by Bolivian government forces trained by the CIA and shot. Guevara is a legendary and heroic historical figure, known as "Jesus on earth", "Red Robin Hood", "Don Quixote of capitalism", "garibaldi of Latin America", "Perfect Man" and "Romantic Adventurer". Guevara often appears in biographies, memoirs, articles, documentaries, songs, movies and even video games, and his praise is far more than criticism. Time magazine named Guevara as one of the most influential figures in the 20th century 100. Alberto Colda took a photo of him and named it "Brave Guerrilla", which is known as "the most famous photo in the world".

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Portrait and Statue Collection of Ernesto Guevara (21)1June, 92814th, Ernesto Guevara was born in Rosario. He is the eldest son of Ernesto Guevara Lynch and Celia de la sellner de la Lusa. 1947- 1953, studying in the Department of Medicine of Buenos Aires National University. 1950, a sailor in an oil shipyard, roaming Trinidad and British Guiana. June1951June 65438+February-65438+August 0952, traveling around Latin America with Alberto Granado. Visited Chile, Peru, Colombia and Venezuela, and then flew back to Buenos Aires from Venezuela via Miami, USA. 1March, 953, graduated from the university and roamed Latin American countries for the second time. Visited Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, Costa Rica and El Salvador. In Guatemala, he took part in the struggle to defend President Abenz and moved to Mexico after Abenz's government was overthrown. 1954-1956, practicing medicine in Mexico, and then working part-time in the Institute of Cardiology. From 65438 to 0955, I met Fidel Castro, joined his revolutionary team, and participated in the preparations for the "Granma" expedition. 1from June to August, 956, he was arrested for joining Fidel Castro's expeditionary force and was detained in Mexico city prison. 165438+1On October 25th, as one of 82 insurgents led by Fidel Castro, he set out for Cuba on the yacht Granma from the mouth of Tuspan. On February 2, 65438, Granma arrived in Cuba. 1956-1958 at the end of 1958, he participated in the armed struggle in Maestra Mountain, Cuba, and was injured twice in the battle. 1On May 27-28, 957, he took part in the battle of Uviro. On June 5, he was promoted to major and was appointed commander of the fourth column. On August 2 1 65438, he was ordered to lead the eighth column of "Siro Lei Dongduo" into Las villars Province and was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the urban and rural uprising forces in Las villars Province. 10 10 16, the train's column arrived in Yi Shan, cambra. At the end of February, 65438+ commanded troops to attack Santa Clara. 1 959 65438+1October1,Santa Clara was liberated. On October 2nd, 65438/KLOC-0, the column of cars entered Havana, and was stationed at Fort cavagna. On February 9, the President issued a decree declaring that Che is a Cuban citizen and enjoys the same rights as a person born in Cuba. On June 2nd, Aleida March and I got married. From June 12 to September 5, I visited Egypt, Sudan, Pakistan, India, Myanmar, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Japan, Morocco, Yugoslavia and Spain. 654381October 7 was appointed as the director of the Industry Department of the State Land Reform Commission. 1 1 In June, he was appointed as the governor of the National Bank of Cuba. 1960 On February 5th, I attended the opening ceremony of the exhibition of scientific and cultural achievements of the Soviet Union held in Havana, and met mikoyan for the first time. In May, Che's book Guerrilla War was published in Havana. From October 22nd to February 9th, 65438, he led a Cuban economic delegation to visit China, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, the Democratic Republic of Germany and North Korea. 1 65438+1October18-65438+February1During his visit to China, he was received by President Mao Zedong of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Prime Minister Zhou Enlai of the State Council and Vice Premier and Foreign Minister Chen Yi. 196 1 On February 23rd, he was appointed Minister of Industry and member of the Central Planning Commission, which was also led by him soon. On April 17, mercenaries invaded Geelong Beach. Responsible for commanding troops stationed in pinar del rio province. On June 2, an economic agreement was signed with the Soviet Union. In August, he represented Cuba at the special session of the Pan-American Social and Economic Council held in Punta del Este, Uruguay. At the meeting, the purpose of establishing the "progressive alliance" in the United States was revealed. He visited Argentina and Brazil and held talks with President Frondizi and President Cuadros. 1962 was appointed as the national leading member of the Cuban revolutionary unity organization on March 8. 12 was appointed secretary of the Secretariat of the Revolutionary Unity Organization and member of the Economic Committee on March 2nd. On April 15, he spoke at the meeting of the Cuban Workers' Union in Havana, calling for a socialist labor competition. From August 27th to September 3rd, he led a Cuban party and government delegation to visit Moscow. After visiting Moscow, I visited Czechoslovakia. From the second half of 10 to the beginning of10, he was responsible for leading the troops in pinar del rio province. 1963 In May, due to the reorganization of the Revolutionary Unity Organization into the Cuban Socialist Revolutionary Unity Party, Che was appointed as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and a secretary of the Secretariat. In July, he led a government delegation to visit Algeria to celebrate the first anniversary of its independence. 1964 65438+1October 16, and signed the technical assistance protocol of gusu. From February 20th to April 13, he led the Cuban delegation to attend the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development in Geneva, Switzerland. April 15-17, visited France, Algeria and Czechoslovakia. 165438+1October 5-19, led a Cuban delegation to the Soviet union to participate in the celebration of the anniversary of the October socialist revolution. 17 February 9-17, led the Cuban delegation to attend the 19 session of the United Nations General Assembly in new york. 65438+Visit Algeria in late February. 196565438+1October-March, visited China, Mali, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guinea, Ghana, Dahomey, Tanzania, Egypt and Algeria. Participated in the second session of the Asian-African Solidarity Organization in Algeria. On February 3rd, the delegation of Cuban Socialist Revolutionary Unity Party arrived in Beijing and was warmly welcomed by the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee Secretary Deng Xiaoping and Beijing Mayor Peng Zhen. On February 9, after his visit to China, Deng Xiaoping and Peng Zhen saw him off at the airport again. /kloc-in March of 0/4, I returned to Havana. On March 15, he reported his trip abroad to the staff of the Ministry of Industry, which was his last public speech in Cuba. 1 In April, I wrote a farewell letter to Fidel Castro. 654381October 3, Castro read Ernesto Guevara's farewell letter at the inaugural meeting of the Central Committee in communist party, Cuba. 1966165438+17 October, arrived at the guerrilla camp on the Su River in Acava, Bolivia. 1On March 22nd, 967, Ernesto Guevara led the guerrilla (Bolivian National Liberation Army) to start military operations under the pseudonym Ramon. On April 17, Ernesto Guevara's letter to the people of the world through a conference on three continents was published in Havana. On July 29th, the inaugural meeting of the Latin American Solidarity Organization opened in Havana. At the suggestion of many delegations, the Presidium of the General Assembly declared the symbolic establishment of "Latin America" and declared "the beloved guerrilla major Ernesto 'Che' Guevara as an honorary citizen of our motherland-Latin America". 10 year 10 8, Ernesto Guevara was wounded and captured in the Battle of Juro Canyon. 10 10 On September 9, Ernesto Guevara was killed by the Bolivian special forces "commando" in the village of Legura at the age of 39.

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family background

Guevara was born in Rosario, Argentina, the eldest son of a Spanish and Irish family. His birth certificate shows his childhood Guevara.

The period is1June 9281April, but there are data that he was actually born in1May 9281April. His birth certificate was deliberately modified to cover up the fact that his mother was pregnant when she got married. Guevara's father, Ernesto Guevara Lynch, has lived in Argentina for 12 generations, which is a prestigious family. His ancestor Patrick Lynch1715 was born in Ireland, and later came to Argentina by the Spanish. /kloc-at the end of 0/8, he became the governor of parana river. His mother's family celia de la sellner Lue Sa has lived in Argentina for seven generations and is also a noble family. The ancestor Yue Se de la sellner was the last Spanish governor of Peru. Guevara's parents 1927 get married. Guevara's father wrote in his biography My Son's Car: "One morning in May (note: 1930), the cold wind roared, and my wife took our little Ernesto swimming. Go to the club to meet them at noon and prepare to have lunch with them. At this time, I found the child shivering with cold in a wet bathing suit. Celia is still swimming. She is not an experienced mother, and she doesn't realize that it is winter and how dangerous the weather changes are for such a fragile child. " Guevara suffered from severe asthma. Influenced by this upper-class family with a certain left-wing ideology (especially menstruation, an Argentine party member), Guevara was very keen on politics since he was a child. Although suffering from asthma, Guevara loves sports very much. 1948 entered the university of Buenos Aires to study medicine, and successfully completed his studies in March 1953.

Roaming America in his early years

Young Guevara, shot at 195 1.

When he was a student, Guevara often used holidays to travel around Latin America. During the summer holidays from 1950 to 1 and February, he traveled to 12 province in northern Argentina, with a journey of more than 4,000 kilometers. 195 1 year, at the suggestion of his good friend Alberto Granado, he decided to drop out of school and travel around South America in 1 year. Their vehicle is a 1939 Norton motorcycle. They set out at 195 1 12/29 and decided to cross south America along the Andes, passing through Argentina, Chile, Peru and Colombia, and reach Venezuela. Their motorcycle broke down in the middle of the road. Guevara also volunteered in a leprosy village in Peru for several months. During this trip, Guevara began to truly understand the poverty and suffering in Latin America, and his internationalism gradually took shape during this trip. He began to think that the independent countries in Latin America are actually a whole with the same cultural and economic interests, and if there is a revolution, international cooperation is needed. Eight months after he left home,1September, 952, Guevara flew back to Argentina and the whole family met him at the airport. In one of his diaries at this time, he wrote: "The people who wrote these diaries died when they set foot on the land of Argentina again. I am not me anymore. " The diary written by Guevara during this trip was later published as a book. According to this book, Hollywood made the film motorcycle diaries in 2004. After the trip, Guevara began to study hard. June 1953, officially graduated from medical college. He could have been a respected doctor, but this trip completely changed Guevara.

Changes in Guatemala

Because of Peron's dictatorship in Argentina at that time, his mother worried that her son would be recruited as a military doctor and asked Guevara to flee Argentina. 1On July 7, 953, Guevara began his second trip to Latin America. After the Bolivian revolution, Guevara moved from Ecuador to Guatemala. When passing through Costa Rica, Guevara was deeply moved by the only democracy in Latin America at that time. 1953 65438+On February 24th, Guevara arrived in Guatemala. At that time, Guatemala, under the leadership of young left-wing President Alberts, was carrying out a series of reforms, especially the land reform, which was directed at the United Fruit Company of the United States. In Guatemala, Guevara met many revolutionaries who were forced into exile for resisting the dictator, including the Peruvian revolutionary Hilda Gaddia (who later became Guevara's first wife in Mexico). Guevara joined these revolutionaries in the struggle to defend Abin's regime and actively served Abin's democratic government. During this period, Guevara got his famous nickname "Che". "Che" is an exclamation in Spanish, which is widely used in Argentina and some parts of South America. It is a common language for people to say hello and express surprise, similar to "hello" and "oh" in Chinese. On February 1954 and 12, in a letter to Beatrice, menstruation, Guevara confessed for the first time his contact with the Guatemalan producer. He wrote in the letter: "My position is not a visionary who loves literature and art in any case. In this environment, in the Guatemalan Labor Party, I intend to stand on the side of the Guatemalan government. Therefore, I have come into contact with intellectuals with this tendency. I am also a doctor of several trade unions. " 1on March 28th, 954, the CIA set up mercenaries in Honduras, led by Guatemalan military officer Amas, to overthrow the Abens regime. 1in June, 954, Amas' mercenaries (* * * 800 people, of whom 200 were Guatemalans) were armed to invade Guatemala. On June 27th, President Abens was forced to resign. After Abines's regime was overthrown, Amas became the Guatemalan president and began to brutally suppress the left. Within a few months, about 9,000 people were arrested or killed, and Guevara was blacklisted by the CIA. Guatemala's revolutionary experience made Guevara realize that in order to benefit mankind, we must first launch a revolution to overthrow the reactionary dictatorship. Since then, Guevara has strengthened his belief in productism, which he believes is the only way to solve the current predicament in Latin America. Later, he took refuge in Mexico, where he met Raul Castro and Fidel Castro.

Take part in the Cuban revolution

1955, Guevara and the Castro brothers met in Mexico City, when the Castro brothers were preparing to return to Cuba for an armed struggle to overthrow the Batista dictatorship. Guevara soon joined the military organization "July 26th Movement" organized by Castro (named after the date of a failed revolution: Moncada Incident). 1956165438+1On October 25th, 82 soldiers of the July 26th Movement boarded the small yacht Granma, and set out for Cuba from Tuxtapon, Veracruz, Mexico. 1956, 12 On February 2, two days later than planned, they landed in a swamp in Orientale Province in southern Cuba and were attacked by Batista's army. Only 12 people survived the attack. As a doctor in the army, Guevara carried a magazine in a battle. At that time, one was a medicine box and the other was a bullet box. From this moment on, Guevara completely changed from a doctor to a soldier. Guevara is in Cuba, shot in1958165438+10.

The remaining guerrilla fighters settled in Maestra mountain area and gradually expanded the revolutionary ranks, gaining the support of some farmers and workers. In the battle, Guevara's superhuman courage and perseverance, superb fighting skills and ruthlessness towards the enemy won the support of more and more people, including Castro's appreciation. He soon became Castro's most effective and trusted assistant. By the beginning of 1958, there were about 280 guerrillas. After a series of battles, by February 27th, 19, the revolutionary army had 8,000 square kilometers of land and 500,000 people. 1959 65438+1On October 2nd, the revolutionary army successfully occupied Havana, the capital of Cuba, and Batista fled. This experience was written by Guevara in his book Pasajes de la Guerra Revolucionaria, published in 1963.

Become a senior government official

After the war, the new Cuban government was established, and Guevara obtained the status of "Cuban citizen". 1959 On May 22nd, Guevara divorced his first Peruvian wife Hilda Gaddia, and their only daughter was raised by Guevara. In June, Guevara married Aleida March, who participated in the Cuban Revolution and shared his interests. After that, they had four children.

First of all, Guevara was appointed as the chief procurator of Fort cavagna Military Prison, responsible for eliminating the war criminals (mainly politicians and policemen) in Batista era. According to some data, Guevara executed 156 people, but it is generally believed that the number may be as high as 600. 1959 10, Guevara, who didn't understand economics, was appointed as the governor of the National Bank, and began to carry out socialist transformation of Cuba's economic system, nationalize enterprises and implement land reform. 196 1 year, Guevara was appointed Minister of Industry. Guevara helped Castro establish the socialist system in Cuba. After Cuba was blocked by the American economy, Guevara signed a trade agreement with the Soviet Union. During this period, he also gradually became famous in the west because of his tough attitude towards the United States. During the Cuban missile crisis, he was a member of the Cuban delegation to Moscow for negotiations in 1962, and finally signed the Soviet Union's plan to deploy nuclear weapons in Cuba. Guevara believes that installing Soviet missiles will defend Cuba's independence and protect Cuba from American aggression. 196419 In February, Guevara represented Cuba at the19 United Nations General Assembly, and then visited eight African countries including Algeria and the Democratic Republic of the Congo and People's Republic of China (PRC). When Kloc-0/965 returned to Cuba in March, his differences with Castro on issues such as relations with the Soviet Union and assistance to the Third World Revolution became increasingly serious. Soon, he resigned. On April 1, he left Cuba by plane for the Democratic Republic of the Congo. During his tenure as a senior official in Cuba, Guevara resisted bureaucracy, lived frugally and refused to raise his salary. He has never been to nightclubs, cinemas or beaches. Once I was a guest at the home of an official in the Soviet Union. When the official took out extremely expensive porcelain tableware to entertain Guevara, Guevara said to his host, "It's ironic, how can a bumpkin have such advanced tableware?" At the same time, Guevara also actively participated in voluntary labor on weekends, such as working in sugar cane fields or factories. Guevara took part in voluntary labor.

Operation leaving Congo

1On April 23rd, 965, Guevara crossed Lake Tanganyika from Tanzania and went to Congo. According to some data, in a secret meeting with Castro before, Guevara persuaded Castro to support the operation. At first, he got help from Laurent-Dé siré Kabila, the leader of the Congolese guerrillas at that time, but Guevara soon rejected his help, thinking it was completely meaningless and wrote: "Now nothing can make me believe that he is a man." Guevara taught guerrilla tactics to Congolese rebels. His plan is to use the liberated area on the west bank of Lake Tanganyika in Congo as a base to train the revolutionary armed forces of Congo and neighboring countries. At this time, Guevara was 37 years old and had no formal military training experience (his asthma saved him from military service in Argentina). Most of his combat experience came from the Cuban revolution. CIA personnel, together with Congolese government forces, are constantly monitoring the external communications of Guevara troops, so as to pre-empt and cut off their supply lines before Guevara guerrillas attack. What Guevara expected in this campaign was to instill Cuban revolutionary ideas and guerrilla tactics into the local Simba people and train them into a group of brave guerrillas. Afterwards, Guevara recalled in the Diary of Congo that the rabble organized by the local people was stupid, sloppy and had endless internal disputes, which was the main reason for the failure of the uprising. In the same year, after seven months of suffering in the African jungle, Guevara, who was in poor health, left Congo with his remaining Cuban comrades in frustration (six of them failed to leave alive). Guevara once considered sending injured soldiers back to Cuba and staying in the Congo jungle to fight until the last moment, setting an example for the revolution with his life. However, after several wanderings, Guevara could not stand the entreaties of his comrades and left Congo with them. Guevara is in Congo. It was taken at 1965.

Guevara, who left Congo, did not return to his familiar Cuba. In Castro's farewell letter, Guevara declared that he would sever all ties with Cuba and join revolutionary movements in other parts of the world. For this reason, Guevara felt morally wrong to return to Cuba. For the next six months, Guevara wandered very quietly in Dar es Salaam, Prague and East Germany. During this period, Guevara not only recorded his experiences in Congo, but also began to draft two books to discuss economics and philosophy. After knowing Guevara's backwardness, Castro urged his old comrades to return to Cuba. Guevara, on the other hand, made it clear that unless he wants to carry out revolutionary activities in Latin American countries, he will never set foot on this land again, and he will return to Cuba for preparatory work in absolute secrecy because of geographical convenience.