Where does Zhengzhou Yellow River carp come from?

Zhengzhou Yellow River carp is a geographical indication product of agricultural products.

As the mother river of the Chinese nation, the Yellow River has nurtured splendid Chinese civilization, as well as the well-known Yellow River carp at home and abroad. Yellow River carp is listed as the first of the "four famous fish" in China with its golden scales and red tails, long and strong appearance and unique flavor of "sweet, fresh, fat and tender". Carp is the fish with the largest variety, the widest distribution, the longest breeding history, the most mature technology and the highest yield among freshwater fish. Carp is produced in Heilongjiang in the north and Pearl River Basin in the south. Why is the Yellow River carp the most famous? Yellow River carp is produced in Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Shandong, where the yellow river carp is the most authentic and of the best quality. The entry of "People in Ningxia eat carp" in the Notes of the Qing Dynasty records: "Carps in Ningxia, fishermen cut ice in the dead of winter and take them all. But the meat is coarse and tastes bad, which is no different from the middle class in the south. If it is not produced by the Yellow River in Henan, it is sweet, fresh and tender, which is a treasure. " "South China" refers to Central China and South China south of Huaihe River, with large water area, rich aquatic products and many carp. However, due to the thick mud at the bottom of the water, carp have the habit of looking for food in the mud, so the mud smells very heavy and many locals don't like food. Ningxia is located in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, but limited by climate and water quality conditions, the quality of the produced Yellow River carp is not high, even "the meat quality is rough and the taste is poor, which is no different from that of the middle-class in the south". Therefore, not all the Yellow River carp are good, only the Yellow River carp produced in Henan is "sweet, fresh, fat and tender, which can be called a treasure". You have to ask why, the secret is in the Yellow River. The water quality in the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River is different. In the process of flowing through the Shanxi-Shaanxi Loess Plateau, the Yellow River scoured and carried the loess on both sides, forming a world-famous Hunhe River. The Yellow River rushed out of the canyon and entered the plain from the lower part of Jin Meng, Henan Province. The riverbed widened and the flow rate slowed down. After the coarse sediment in the river is precipitated, the sediment is mainly fine particles, forming a unique water quality with weak alkalinity, high calcium, strong interface and strong self-purification. Only the Yellow River carp growing in this section of the Yellow River is authentic. This section is Zhengzhou section. According to the investigation of Yellow River carp organized by the Water Resources Department of Henan Province and the Biology Department of Xinxiang Normal University on 1973- 1975, the only fixed-yield field in Jinmeng-Fanxian section of Henan Province is located in the Yellow River estuary of Gongxian (now gongyi city) in Zhengzhou City. From Qilipu in Luo Yi estuary to Nanhedu, Wei Long and Heishiguan, the water level is relatively stable, and there are many shoals, and the water depth is about 1 m. The water is clear and transparent, the bottom is soft mud, and there are a lot of POTAMOGETON POTAMOGETON, sedge, Carex, willow root and so on. , suitable for fish egg attachment. During the breeding season from April to May, a large number of mature Yellow River carp return here to lay eggs. The mature individuals caught in Gongxian River reached the highest proportion (70.7% female fish and 93.5% male fish), indicating that mature individuals swam from other places to lay eggs. The section from Tieqiao of the Yellow River to Lankao Dombart is a typical wandering river, with changeable channels and currents and only a few temporary spawning grounds. Below the placanticline, the river channel is stable, the riverbed is narrow, the velocity is fast, and there are few shoals, so it is not easy to form spawning grounds. Therefore, there are many mature individuals captured in this reach, but few mature individuals. The fry hatched from the spawning ground of Luo Yi River swam downstream and looked for food elsewhere to grow up. In 2007, the Yellow River carp national aquatic germplasm in Zhengzhou section of the Yellow River was designated as a national protected area, and the geographical indication of the Yellow River carp was obtained on 20 12, so it is no exaggeration to say that "authentic Yellow River carp leaves Zhengzhou". The reason why the Yellow River carp is famous in the world also benefits from the promotion of a Henan dish, which is the first of the top ten famous dishes of Henan cuisine-sweet and sour soft fried noodles of Yellow River carp. Henan benefits from the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, golden carp and treasures of past dynasties. In the Song Dynasty, there was a saying that "one hundred yuan won't come back", which shows its preciousness. However, even the most precious raw materials are worthless. The stir-fry of Henan cuisine is famous for its living juice. The so-called live juice has always been two solutions. First, the juice of fried fish needs to reach the degree of soaking flowers, which is called juice drying; The second is to take neutral and lively homophones in dialects; Sugar, vinegar, oil, sweetness, saltiness and acidity should be fully blended at high temperature and in stirring. Everything has its own flavor, but it is not outstanding. You have me, I have you, but I don't see oil, sugar or vinegar. Sweet is sour, and acid is slightly salty. This juice makes the fish fat, tender, refreshing and not greasy. After eating the fish, the juice is inexhaustible, and then the juice is returned to the fire, and the fine roasted noodles are added. The juice is hot and crisp, and the feeling of entrance is really wonderful. This dish is based on 1 Yellow River carp (about 750g), chopped green onion and garlic, refined salt, white sugar, vinegar, cooking wine, ginger juice, wet starch, clear soup and white flour. Wash the fish, unfold it, break it into ripples on both sides, fry it in a 60% hot oil pan for a few times, and then light it when the fish is soaked; After the oil temperature rises, the decanted oil is fished out, then put into a pot and juiced with various ingredients. Stir-fry and push while stirring the juice on the fish. When both sides of the fish have been thoroughly tasted, hook it into running water. When the juice thickens, add hot oil, dry the juice and put it on a plate. Side dishes, fried Longxu Noodles. The finished dish is fresh persimmon red in color, harmonious in oil, convenient to eat but not greasy, sweet and sour, slightly salty in acid, and fresh and tender in fish. The Yellow River carp occupies a special position in the life of China people. First of all, its delicacy conquered the taste buds of China people, so it admired carp. As early as 2500 years ago, there was a saying in the Book of Songs that "eating fish is the carp of the river", and the Yellow River carp was listed as the first river fresh. At the celebration dinner of Zhou Xuanwang's invasion of the enemy, he specially hosted a banquet with "boiled turtle carp" to entertain his ministers. Tao Hongjing in the Liang Dynasty said: Carp "is the strength of fish and the taste of food". In Galand in Luoyang in the Northern Wei Dynasty, he boasted that "Li Luo is more valuable than cattle and sheep". There is a folk saying that "nothing can be done without carp", and carp has always played an important or even final role in banquets. Besides delicious food, carp is one of the most popular mascots in China. The custom that China people love and worship carp covers many fields of life. Carp symbolizes hard work, kindness, loyalty and good luck. Send carp as a sign of respect and congratulations. There are more than (fish) every year, and the New Year pictures of Qing Ji exceeding (fish) are even more enduring. "The surname of Confucius" wrote: "(Confucius) married an official in the Song Dynasty at the age of nineteen to one, and gave birth to Apollo at the age of one. The life of the fish was also given by Duke Zhao of Lu, and Confucius was honored by the monarch, so he named it carp with the name "fish". "It means that Confucius 19 married the daughter of an official in the Song Dynasty. A year later, the official gave birth. When the news arrived, Lu was very happy and sent someone to congratulate him. Confucius felt very honored and named his son carp, Apollo. Confucius named his son carp because he received carp, which is "a good idea", that is, it is auspicious. In the story of "Twenty-four Filial Pieties" handed down from ancient times, there are actually two stories related to carp: one is "begging for carp on the ice". During the Jin Dynasty, there was a man named Wang Xiang, who was kind-hearted. He lost his mother when he was young. Later, his stepmother Zhu treated him badly and often gossiped in front of his father. His father became cold to him. Wang Xiang's stepmother likes to eat carp. One winter, it was very cold, freezing for three feet. In order to get carp, Wang Xiang lay naked on the ice. He was red with cold and still prayed for carp on the ice. While he was praying, the ice on his right suddenly cracked. Wang Xiang was overjoyed. When he was about to jump into the river to catch fish, two lively carp suddenly jumped out of the crack in the ice. Wang Xiang was very happy. She took two carp home and presented them to her stepmother. His behavior is a much-told story in Shili Village. People all praise Wang Xiang as a rare dutiful son in the world. There is a poem praising: there is a stepmother in the world, but Wang Xiang doesn't; There are still ice molds on the river so far. The second type is "the spring is more carp". In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a man named Jiang in Xunxiang, Luo County (now Xiaoquan Town, Deyang, Sichuan). His mother likes drinking water and eating fish in the river. Jiang's wife Ponzi goes to the river to fetch water and firewood for her mother-in-law every day. But then the mother-in-law listened to the rumors and forced her son to divorce Ponzi. Daughter-in-law Pang Sanchun gave her mother-in-law firewood for fishing even though she lived in a ruined temple. Although his son An An is young, he knows how to be filial. Every day, he saves some food from the school rations and sends it to his mother. The last three filial piety doors were earth-shattering, and then a spring suddenly gushed out next to their home. Spring water tastes like river water. Every day, two carp leap out, and Mrs. Jiang takes them to feed her mother. The story of carp yue longmen is well known to all women and children. According to an ancient legend, the Yellow River carp jumped over the Longmen and became a dragon. According to Yaya Shi Yu, "As the saying goes, a fish jumps over the Longmen, but it is only a carp or a possibility." Long, long ago, before the Longmen was cut, Yishui was blocked by Longmen Mountain, and a big lake was piled up to the south of the mountain. Carps living in the Yellow River have heard that Longmen is beautiful and all want to go sightseeing. They set out from the Yellow River in Jin Meng, crossed the Luohe River, and followed the Yi River to the splashing place of Longmen, but there was no waterway on Longmen Mountain, so they had to gather at the foot of the North Longmen Mountain. "I have an idea. How about we skip this Longmen Mountain? " A red carp said to everyone. "How can you jump so high?" "If you don't jump well, you will fall to your death!" The partners are confused and can't make up their minds. Red carp volunteered and said, "I'll try it first." I saw it exhausted all its strength from half a mile away, like an arrow that left the string, jumping into the clouds for a long time, driving the clouds and rain in the air forward. A mass of skyfire came from behind and burned its tail. It endured the pain, continued to leap forward, and finally crossed Longmen Mountain and fell into the lake in the south of Shannan. In a blink of an eye, it became a dragon. Seeing this scene, the carp in the north of the mountain huddled in fear and dared not take any more risks. Just then, I suddenly saw a dragon descending from the sky and said, "Don't be afraid, I'm your partner Red Carp, because I jumped over the Longmen and became a dragon." You have to jump bravely! " "Hearing these words, the carp was encouraged and began to jump off the Longmen Mountain one by one. But except for a few who jumped into dragons, most of them couldn't get through. Anyone who can't jump over and fall from the air will have a black scar on his forehead. To this day, this black scar still grows on the forehead of the Yellow River carp. This story. It is a symbol of people's spirit of sailing against the current and making progress. Later, Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem specially for this story: "The Yellow River three-foot carp, originally from Jin Meng, failed to make it, and returned home with all the fish." Later generations also used the metaphor of "carp yue longmen" to describe the unexpected joy of being promoted. Among a series of human emotions carried by carp, the most romantic is undoubtedly that the ancients used it to convey love. According to legend, in ancient times, I wrote letters with silk and passed them on to each other in the belly of fish. Later, maybe I thought it was impossible to keep them fresh, so I changed them into letters in the shape of carp. So today, we are fortunate to read the thrilling swan song of "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave" by the ancient Yuefu: the guests from afar left me two carp; Tell the boy to open the wooden box and write a letter with a ruler. Kneeling for a long time to read a plain book, what is it like in the book? The first part of the letter is to increase appetite. It is said that the second half of the letter is often left out. It is clearly a letter in the shape of a carp, but it has such a detailed and true description of "Hu Er boiled carp", deliberately saying that opening the envelope is cooking fish, and the words are really vivid and bizarre. Ordinary poetry, because of the image of "carp" flying, adds extraordinary artistic appeal. Since then, in the long river of classical poetry, carp is really like a duck to water, always conveying the romantic feelings of lovers. For example, Yan's "Butterfly flies nowhere to ask, a tall building across the water, looking at the Pisces letter" and "I haven't seen Iraqis for a long time, but I am a pair of carp". I can only sigh the classical feelings of "sending plum blossoms, walking on the feet", and now I am afraid that no one cares. "Double carp" actually doesn't mean two carp, but a woodcut carp made of two boards with letters in the middle. Before the Han Dynasty, two fish-shaped boards were often used to make envelopes in ancient times. This kind of envelope is different from the bag envelope made of paper now. This carp-shaped envelope has a long history and has been copied until the Tang Dynasty. Zhengzhou Municipal People's Government regards Yellow River Carp as a city business card, and issued Opinions on Accelerating the Brand Building of Yellow River Carp in Zhengzhou to Promote the Development of Modern Fishery (Zheng [2065438+02] No.80), and formulated a series of preferential policies to support aquatic enterprises to make the Yellow River Carp brand better and stronger. Yellow River carp brands such as Yellow River Valley, Yellow River Gold and Lonely Mouth have been recognized by consumers, and well-known catering enterprises such as Awu Cuisine and Yufeng Garden have also vigorously promoted the traditional Henan cuisine of Yellow River carp. Among them, the Yellow River carp cultivated by Zhengzhou Bangzhong Fishery Professional Cooperative in the mode of "ancient fish farming" is worth recommending. China is the first country in the world to raise fish artificially. The method of raising fish completely follows the natural way and conforms to the natural habits of fish. We can know from Tao Zhugong Ancient Books on Fish Culture that our ancestors knew how to create fish culture more than two thousand years ago.

territorial scope

The protected area of carp in Zhengzhou Yellow River covers the south of the south bank of Zhengzhou section of the Yellow River, north of 3 10 national highway, starting from Kangdian town in gongyi city in the west and reaching Langchenggang town in zhongmou county in the east. The protection scope includes five counties (cities) such as gongyi city, Xingyang, Huiji, Jinshui and zhongmou county. East-west length130km, north-south width 26km, total area1400km2. The existing aquaculture water surface is 9,000 hectares, which is suitable for developing 30,000 hectares of the Yellow River beach, with an annual output of 90,000 tons of Zhengzhou Yellow River carp. The geographical coordinates of its protection range are: east longitude112 49' ~16 5438+0414', and north latitude 34 44' ~ 34 58'.

Product quality characteristics

1. External sensory characteristics: The body of Zhengzhou Yellow River carp is spindle-shaped, with a flat side and a round abdomen, with a slowly rising arc between the head and the back, and the back is slightly raised. The scales on the side are golden yellow, the back is slightly black, and the abdomen is pale and white. The lower leaves of gluteal fin and caudal fin are orange-red, and the pectoral fin and ventral fin are orange-red. The whole fish is healthy, energetic, symmetrical, without deformity, desquamation, bleeding and odor. Individual specifications are above 1kg. 2. Intrinsic quality index: Zhengzhou Yellow River carp muscle contains high protein and delicious amino acids, and is also rich in trace elements such as phosphorus, zinc, iron, calcium, selenium, vitamin A and vitamin E. Every100g of fish meat contains protein17g-19g, glutamic acid 2.9-3.0g, lysine 0.8-1.9g, calcium 23-26mg and phosphorus18-2/kloc. 3. Safety requirements: The production environment conforms to the Environmental Requirements for the Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products and the Origin of Pollution-free Aquatic Products (GB 18407.4-200 1), and the product quality conforms to the Standard for Common Freshwater Fish for Pollution-free Food (NY5053-2005). It is forbidden to use drugs and other compounds prohibited by the state in the production process, and standardized production is implemented to effectively protect Zhengzhou.