Who are these people mentioned by Jia Yucun in the second chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions?

13, Zhou, it is Zhou Dunyi. 14, Cheng refers to two disciples of Zhou Dunyi: Cheng Hao and. This is very clear and less controversial.

Mao Shu, named Zhou Dunyi, was born in Yingdao County, Daozhou (now Daoxian County, Hunan Province). Zhou Dunyi is the founder of Neo-Confucianism in China, and his Neo-Confucianism thought plays a connecting role in the history of China philosophy.

Cheng Hao and his brother Cheng Yi are the main founders of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty, and they are called "the second generation of Cheng" in the world. Because the Cheng brothers have been giving lectures in Luoyang for a long time, the world calls their study "Luo Xue". In philosophy, Cheng Er gave full play to the theories of mind and numerology from Mencius to Zhou Dunyi, and established an idealistic neo-Confucianism system with "Tian Li" as the core.

It is obvious that Zhou Hecheng is welcoming the Spring Festival, which is also in line with the arrangement order of the twelve women in Jinling. Zhou Dunyi was not respected before his death and his academic status was not high. People only know that he is "outstanding in political affairs" and "outstanding in official career", especially "a man with lofty ideals in the mountains", with a free and easy mind and a fairy wind, but no one knows his Neo-Confucianism. This is in line with the obscurity of Yingchun. Zhou Dunyi's temperament is simple, and he believed in ancient faithfulness since he was a child. He never longed for money all his life, but loved to talk about fame and fortune. He believes that "a gentleman values Tao and is healthy and rich." Academically, the most important proposition put forward by his disciple Cheng Er is that "everything is just the principle of nature". They think that the natural state of human nature is the best because it is the reflection of "justice" on human beings. Good in human nature is the essential feature of justice, while evil is manifested in unreasonable desires and emotions, which is called "human desire" or "selfish desire" by Cheng Er. This is also in line with Cao Xueqin's description of Yingchun. In the seventy-third chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions, there is such a passage: "At present, Yingchun only reads the story of induction with Baochai, and even Tanchun has never heard it. When Pinger said this, she suddenly laughed:' I can't help it if you ask me. I can't beg for their mistakes, and I won't be harsh. As for what I take privately, I'll take it if it's delivered, and I won't take it if it's not delivered. If the ladies want to ask, I can hide the past. This is his nature. If I can't hide, I can't help it. There is no reason to bully the ladies for them, so I have to say it directly. If you say I'm a good girl, I haven't decided, but I have a good idea, which can be comprehensive and won't make ladies angry, I'll never know. "Hearing this, everyone laughed. Daiyu said with a smile,' It's really a tiger and a wolf trapped in the ranks, and we still talk about cause and effect. If the second sister is a man, if there are many people in this family, how to punish her? Yingchun smiled and said, "Exactly. "。 "How many people are still like this, not to mention me?" "It can be seen that in the author's mind, Yingchun is the simplest one among the twelve women. She is kind and peaceful. "The tiger and the wolf are still talking about cause and effect" is a portrayal of her character.

Zhou Dunyi loves elegant, dignified, beautiful and clean lotus flowers. After learning the news of Nankang Army, he dug a pond to grow lotus flowers on the east side of the mansion. This pond is called Ailian Pool, which is more than ten feet wide. There is a stone platform in the middle, a hexagonal pavilion on the platform and a zigzag bridge on both sides. He often strolls in Chi Pan in midsummer, admiring the lotus floating in the wind and reciting the lotus of love. Since then, Lianchi has been well known. It is said that the Yanshui Pavilion in Jiujiang was originally built by Zhou Dunyi. Because the pavilion is in the middle of the lake and looks like the moon, it is named "Moon Immersion Pavilion". Later, he continued to advocate waste, taking the artistic conception of "thin cage smoke on the top of the mountain" and renamed it "Yanshui Pavilion". I'm afraid Cao Xueqin's inspiration for designing the residence of Yingchun as "Zi Ling Island" full of lotus flowers came from this. The theory of "natural justice" founded by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi was highly praised by later feudal dynasties. In the twenty-five years of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Cheng Cheng entered Confucianism as a saint, ranking above Confucius and other Han and Tang Confucians. The following year, Emperor Kangxi also gave the two temples a plaque of "Learning to be Excellent and Being an Official". These events will not be unheard of by authors living in this period. "Cheng Cheng entered Confucianism as a sage, ranking above Confucianism in Han and Tang Dynasties" can just be understood as the second Spring Festival! As for the position of Yingchun in the author's mind, the general approval at the end of the seventy-third chapter of the Mongolian version explains everything: "Tanchun is everywhere, and people call it capable, but I call it bitter; I hide my tongue everywhere during the Spring Festival to show cowardice, which I call super. Explore the curse of the Spring Festival travel rush craze, because ghosts drive away gods; Yingchun said that cause and effect can also bring down the wolf and crouch the tiger. " It can be seen from this passage that the prototype of Yingchun's life has deep feelings with Zhi Yanzhai and Cao Xueqin, and its position in their minds is also very high.

15, Zhang refers to the philosopher Zhang Zai of the Northern Song Dynasty. Son and nephew Hou was born in a bureaucratic family, his ancestors were from Daliang (now Kaifeng, Henan), and he lived in Hengqu Township, Meixian County, Shaanxi Province, which is why Zhang Zai was called "Mr. Hengqu". Zhang Zai is the founder of Guan Xue School. He gave lectures in Guanzhong area and formed a university school. As one of the schools of Neo-Confucianism, it is the pioneer of Zhu thought.

16, Zhu, Zhu, Zi Hui, Hao Zhong Hui, Hao Hui An, also known as Ziyang. Philosopher and educator in Southern Song Dynasty. Jiangxi Wuyuan (now Jiangxi) people. Father Zhu Song was a contemporary of Yue Fei and Qin Gui. He used to be a junior official of Zhenghe county commandant in Fujian, took his family to his post, and was later transferred to Youxi county commandant. Zhu was born in the fourth year of Jianyan (1 130), a native of Youxi. Shortly after his birth, his father was promoted to the provincial secretary of the imperial court, but he was expelled from the imperial court for opposing peace in Qin Gui. Zhu Song returned to his hometown in Jianyang, Fujian. Zhu spent his childhood with his father in Jianyang.

In order, Zhang and Zhu Xichun. Both Zhang and Zhu * * * were born in an official family, which coincided with the birth of Xichun. When Zhang Zai was a teenager, he liked reading very much. Fan Zhongyan suggested that he read Confucian classics such as The Doctrine of the Mean. And Zhu was just as clever when he was young. At the age of four, my father pointed to the sky and said, "This is the sky." Zhu asked, "What's in the sky?" His father was frightened. He is diligent in thinking and learning. At the age of eight, he could read the book of filial piety. He wrote an inscription in the book: "If you don't suffer like this, you won't be an adult." This kind of situation in which a teenager becomes a talent and a teenager is a magistrate is only used to allude to cherishing spring. In A Dream of Red Mansions, Xichun, though young, knows a little about the world (the seventy-fourth time "Sister Ya sued Ningguo House") and is still a painter. Zhang Zai has read a lot of books about Buddhism and Taoism. Zhu is also keen on Taoism and has a strong interest in Buddhism. It coincided with Xichun's later becoming a monk. Zhang Jian, the younger brother of Zhang Zai, the supervisor of the army, had a fierce conflict with Wang Anshi because he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform, and was banished to Gongan County (now Jiangling, Hubei Province). Zhang Zai estimated that he would be implicated, so he resigned and returned to Hengqu. And Zhu's official career is even less smooth. Not only was his father expelled from the court because of opposition, but Zhu was also dismissed from his post and went home because of his involvement in the "ten deadly sins" in the third year of Qingyuan. These events hinted at Jia's failure.

17, Chiyou, the legendary leader of the Jiuli nationality in the East (affiliated to Dongyi Group). Chiyou is the grandson of Emperor Yan. It is said that Chiyou is cruel and belligerent by nature. He has eighty-one brothers, all talking beasts, each with a bronze head and iron forehead, who eat with stones and iron blocks. Chiyou originally belonged to the Yellow Emperor, but after the defeat of Emperor Yan, Chiyou discovered a copper mine at the foot of Lushan Mountain. They made these bronze weapons into swords, spears, halberds, shields and other weapons, which greatly enhanced their military strength and made them ambitious to avenge Emperor Yan. Chiyou joined forces with people from Fengbo, Shi Yu and Kuafu tribes to challenge the Yellow Emperor angrily.

18 and * * * Palace are gods in ancient China mythology. As the god of floods in northwest China, it is said that Zhuan Xu, a member of the Yellow Emperor clan, is invincible, so angry that he can't touch Zhoushan, making the world tilt. Then came the year of Zhuan Xu. In addition, it is said that * * * is a minister of Yao, who fights with dogs, three seedlings and guns and is called "four fierce", and was demoted to Youzhou by Yao. "Book Yao Dian": "Once in Youzhou, let me go to Chongshan, escape from three dangers and drown in Yushan. The four deadly sins make the world salty. " "Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Jing": "The wife of Emperor Yan, the son of Chishui, listened to the feast, Yan Jusheng Festival, festival drama, drama Zhu Rong, Zhu Rong fell into the river and worked." "Astronomical Training" said: "In the past, workers and Zhuan Xu fought for the emperor, but their anger failed to reach the mountain, and the sky was broken and the land was lost. The sky leans to the northwest, so the sun, the moon and the stars move; The land is dissatisfied with the southeast, and the water and dust return. "

At this point, some people will say that Xifeng is next. However, don't forget that Jia Baoyu was also listed as a "villain, scratching the world" by the author. Obviously, since he is the maker of the story of A Dream of Red Mansions and the creator of romantic and fatalistic love, he should be the first of the five "villains", and Chiyou and * * * workers can only allude to him. Because of its long history, there were no written events at that time, so there were too many versions of the legend about Chiyou and * * * *. But one thing is certain, that is, their mythical color has surpassed history itself. Baoyu's immortal status is Shen Ying's waiter, which Xifeng, Qiaojie and Li Wan don't have. Although Qin Keqing is immortal, he has nothing to do with Chiyou and * * *, so both Chiyou and * * * are alluding to Baoyu. At the beginning of the book A Dream of Red Mansions, the author explained the origin of the psychic Baoyu worn by Baoyu: "When Nu Wa tried to mend the sky with stones, she practiced 3650 1 block of hard stones with 12-foot meridians and 24-foot meridians on the precipice of barren hills. Only 36,500 yuan was used by Wadi, leaving only one piece useless and abandoned at the foot of Qingji Peak in this mountain. Who knows that since this stone has been tempered, spirituality has passed. Because I see that all the stones have formed the sky, I have no material and can't bear to be chosen. I feel sorry for myself and feel ashamed day and night. " As we know, the goddess mending the sky happened after the workers could not reach Zhoushan. This shows that there is a contradiction between "breaking" and "mending" between * * * workers and stubborn stones, which lays the foundation for the innuendo relationship between * * * workers and Baoyu.

In terms of personality, Baoyu's verdict in the third time of A Dream of Red Mansions said: "Looking for sorrow and hatred for no reason sometimes looks like madness. Even if you are born with good skin, your stomach is rough. Poor and ignorant, stupid and afraid of reading articles. The behavior is remote and perverse, which is the embarrassment of the world! " It is in line with the reckless character of Chiyou and Gonggong. Literally, the word "Qi" means "Qi". In the explanation of the name, it says, "late, late". Like Baoyu's infatuation. It is said that Chiyou's head is as hard as copper, and he can fly in the air and walk on the cliffs. And since * * * workers can't touch the island, they are as hard as steel. Both of them are physically suitable for Baoyu's true identity-stubborn stone. The legend of * * * workers is the water god, which coincides with the story that the waiter in Shen Ying "irrigates with nectar every day" and makes the crimson pearl grass "prolong life".

19, the word Gao, also known as the son of Gui, Fa. He was the last king of Xia Dynasty and one of the famous tyrannical and dissolute monarchs in China history. You can straighten the hook with your bare hands, but you are extravagant and tyrannical. He is extravagant and leads a corrupt life. He spent a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources to build the tilting palace and Yaotai, and collected beautiful women from all over the world to fill the harem. Jie got a beautiful woman when he conquered the Shishi, and after returning home, he drank and had fun with his sister and maids day and night. Therefore, the four governors betrayed each other, and Xia Jie was in a very isolated position. Shang Tang took the opportunity to send troops to attack Jie, and the two armies fought. After the defeat of Xia Jun, Xia Jie was exiled and starved to death, and was buried in Woniu Mountain in Nanchao (now Woniu Mountain in Chao County, Anhui Province). Thus the Xia Dynasty perished.

20. Zhou, surnamed Cheng, the third son of the First, was superior in force, very clever and eloquent, and was the last monarch of China Shang Dynasty. A famous tyrant in the history of China. He imposed heavy penalties at home and was belligerent abroad. He indulged in debauchery, abused despotism and arrogance, and was headstrong at the same time. Zhou's actions aroused people's general antipathy and dissatisfaction, which led to the intensification of internal and external contradictions. In order to maintain his rule, Zhou waged war and set up various kinds of torture to suppress the resistance of slaves and civilians.

Jay and Zhou are Xifeng. We can see that Jay and Zhou alluded to Wang Xifeng from many angles and aspects in A Dream of Red Mansions. Literally, the word "Xie" has many meanings, implying that Xifeng is (1) the stake of Fengqi. "Shi Pin Feng Wang Junzi Battle": "Chickens live in Jieli." -the identity embodiment of Xifeng Iceberg Female Phoenix. 2 preach "Jie". Stand out, stand out. Describe a gift. Lu Chunqiu Fame: "If a person is a saint, he must return to it." -Reflect the talent of Xifeng. (3) fierce, violent and stubborn. Such as: unruly, arrogant. Biography of Zou Yang: "An unruly dog can bark at Yao", and later "an unruly dog barks at Yao", which means that a running dog serves his master wholeheartedly, that is, he is his own master. -Reflects Xifeng's fiery personality and loyalty to Jia family.

From a historical point of view, the same characteristics of the two men are brutality and luxury, and they are both famous tyrants in history. Just like the description of Wang Xifeng in the book, she is extremely cruel to her rival in love and to her servants. For example, in the sixty-first chapter, there was a passage: "According to my idea, I want to take all the maids in my wife's house. Although it is inconvenient to torture them, I just want them to kneel in the sun and stick tiles and not give them food. " If you don't kneel for a day, it will be made of iron, and you will be accused in one day. "However, valerian and zhou is by no means incompetent. They are both civil and military, intelligent, with a keen sense of smell and excellent eloquence. Both of them are extremely talented and capable people, just like Xifeng. Judging from the ending, the fate of Jie and Zhou just alluded to the fate of Xifeng: at first, the scenery was infinite, but in the end it ended miserably. Xia Jie was exiled, starved to death and buried in the South Nest. Zhou Wang was captured and killed by King Wu on his way to Chao Ge village. It shows that Xifeng "cried till Jinling was even sadder" and "acted too skillfully, but it killed you. "Heartbroken before death, ethereal after death. It would be better if the family had money. The last family died and everyone left. " The tragedy of life. The merits and demerits of Jie and Zhou have been controversial throughout the ages. Although most of them are degraded, some people are keen on them. Therefore, we should correctly evaluate the merits and demerits of these two once all-powerful historical emperors. Although they did a lot of bad things during their reign, their position in the history of China should be affirmed. This is exactly the same as Wang Xifeng, with both praise and condemnation. But I think, in Cao Xueqin's heart, more should be admiration for her.

2 1. The first emperor was Qin Shihuang, who was the first founding emperor of the Qin Dynasty to unify China. Later generations called him "the emperor of the ages", and his surname was won and his name was Zheng. Han nationality, Zhao people, also known as. 13 years old, king. At the age of 22, he was crowned as an adult in Yongcheng, the old capital, and officially ascended the throne. At the age of 39, he completed the historic cause of reunifying China and proclaimed himself emperor. In the first 246 years, the King of Qin won the throne because the young government was in charge of the Empress Dowager and the Prime Ministers Lv Buwei and Lao Ai. In the first 238 years (the ninth year of the King of Qin), the King of Qin ruled personally, getting rid of Lu, Mao and others, and reusing Li Si and Mao. From 230 BC to the first 22 1 year, the six countries of Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi were destroyed successively, thus completing the great cause of reunifying the whole country and establishing the first great unification. After reunification, Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, thought that his contribution was better than the previous three emperors and five emperors, and he called himself the "emperor".

22, follwed, word Jujun, Wei Jun Yuancheng (daming county East, Hebei Province) people. Nephew of the Han and Yuan emperors. The founder of the new dynasty. Wang Mang's father, Wang Man, died when he was young, and his brother died soon after. Wang Mang is filial to his mother and respects his sister-in-law. He lived a frugal life, read a lot of poems, made friends with wise men, and gained a wide reputation. In the first 22 years of the Han Dynasty, Wang Mang first served as assistant minister of Huangmen, and later became a country captain. Corporal Wang Mang, honest and thrifty, often distributes his salary to the public and the poor, and even sells his carriage to help the poor, which is deeply loved by everyone.

According to the order of twelve women in Jinling, it is Qiaojie's turn to map Qin Shihuang and follwed. It is hard for us to imagine that these two super-heavyweight historical figures could become clever sisters if we hadn't discovered the arrangement law of the relationship between characters' innuendo. On the one hand, it shows Cao Xueqin's exquisite brushwork, on the other hand, it is also the real significance of our research. In history, Qin Shihuang and Wang Mang, like Jie and Zhou, were all controversial emperors. Because Xifeng and Zhou Jie are both mothers, this makes the axis of the insinuation relationship continue. Because Cao Xueqin admired Confucianism, he regarded many Confucian scholars as "benevolent people" who cultivated the world. Historically, both Qin Shihuang and Wang Mang have done things that look very childish and ridiculous in Cao Xueqin's eyes. Qin Shihuang once "burned books to bury Confucianism", which stifled Confucianism and seriously destroyed Confucian culture. Wang Mang once carried out the New Deal, but the customs of ancient and modern times were different and the environment was different. The new laws originated from the ancient system may not all be timely and appropriate. The new policy he pursued violated the historical laws, so the final failure was purely historical necessity. In essence, Wang Mang is a politician who is retro and divorced from reality. As the historian Qian Mu said, "Wang Mang's administration is entirely the administration of scholars." Huang Renyu, a historian living in the United States, pointed out that from a series of letters sent by Wang Mang after he ascended the throne, Wang Mang's policies were fundamentally divorced from the actual environment at that time and lacked proper employment arrangements. In the Great History of China, he sarcastically commented on Wang Mang: "He believes in China classicism and really thinks that the pyramids can be built upside down." Therefore, their political performances are regarded as absurd and childish farce by Cao Xueqin, who advocates Confucianism. It just implies Qiaojie's youth.

In addition, the lives of Qin Shihuang and Wang Mang have a very secret eternal mystery. It is said that Ying Zheng is the illegitimate child of Lv Buwei and Evonne. Wang Mang poisoned Emperor Han Ping and became emperor after accepting the abdication of an obedient child. This is the first time in China's history that he became emperor by usurping the throne. This is also a puzzling historical event. The most obvious event is the posthumous testament of Qin Shihuang, which is still controversial and inconclusive. But one thing is certain: Hu Hai's accession to the throne and Fu Su's death must have hidden secrets. On this matter, the most common saying is that after Qin Shihuang's death, Reese and Zhao Gao were afraid that Fu Su would come back to inherit the throne, so they destroyed Qin Shihuang's testamentary edict, forged a fake testamentary edict, and let Hu Hai acceded to the throne. Because Qin Shihuang died halfway, Reese was afraid that Fu Su's son would know that Qin Shihuang died and the world would change, so he concealed the news and kept it a secret. He ordered a long journey back to Xianyang and put Qin Shihuang's body in the car. Hundreds of officials accompanied them, and everywhere they went, everyone was still eating, drinking and having fun as before. Only a few people knew the death of Qin Shihuang. It was very hot at that time, and Qin Shihuang's body soon stinked. Reese asked the official car to load a lot of abalone, covered up the smell of the body with the smell of abalone, and finally hid it until he returned to Xianyang. In my opinion, this incident is the secret that Qiaojie escaped from the cage when Jiafu was raided.

If I need to explain, I can cite another important evidence: Wang Mang's uncle's name is Wang Feng, and in Ah Fu's position, Wang Mang is extremely obedient to him. Wang Feng asked the king to take care of follwed. I'm afraid Wang Feng is the name of Qiaojie's mother-Wang Xifeng. Come on! After Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne, Wang Mang lost his political support and abdicated to find another job. After the death of Emperor Ai of Han Dynasty, it was Wang who was in charge of the imperial seal (the empress of Han Yuan, Wang Mang's aunt), helped Wang Mang become a fu, took charge of military orders and the imperial army, established Emperor Ping of Han Dynasty, won the support of the ruling and opposition parties, and embarked on a brilliant road from then on.

23. Cao Cao, namely Wei Wudi, was born in Peiguoqiao County (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). An outstanding politician, writer, strategist and poet at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Politically, Cao Cao eliminated many separatist forces in the north, restored the unification of northern China, and implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order. Culturally, under the impetus of Cao Cao and his son, Jian 'an literature represented by Cao Shi and his son (Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi) was formed, which was called Jian 'an style in history and left a glorious stroke in the history of literature. Cao Cao was born in a prominent official family. Cao Teng, Cao Cao's grandfather, was a member of the eunuch group in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and a descendant of Cao Can, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty. Father Cao Song is Cao Teng's adopted son. In the first month of the 25th year of Jian 'an (220), Cao Cao returned to Luoyang. That month, he died in Luoyang at the age of 66. In October of this year, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Han Dynasty, with the title of Wei, and honored Cao Cao as Emperor Mao Wu.

24. Huan Wen was born in Longkang (now Huaiyuan, Anhui), a hometown of overseas Chinese. Son of Huan Yi in Xuancheng, Eastern Jin Dynasty. He has served as Zheng, Fu and Nanjun Xuanwu Gong. Huan Xuan was posthumously named Emperor Xuanwu of Chu, with the temple name Mao. He is generous and handsome, with seven stars on his face. ..... make less friends with Liu Wei. I tasted: "Warm eyes are like purple stone edges, you should make a fuss, and you are also in Asia with gold."