What is Salurnis marginellus Guer?

(1) Morphological characteristics The adult is 9 ~ 1 1mm in length and pale yellow and green in color. There are three ridges on the back of the head and chest, and the ridges are almost yellow. There are obvious reddish-brown buttons at the end of the front wing near the trailing edge at 1/3. Nymphs are light green with winged buds. There are a pair of orange rings on the back of the sixth section of the abdomen, and two bundles of gray silk at the end of the abdomen.

(2) Living Habits The white moth wax cicada is in Guangxi. It happens twice a year. Overwintering with unmated adults in dense branches and leaves. From February to March, when the weather is slightly warmer, they begin to feed, mate and lay eggs. Eggs are concentrated on branches or petioles. From mid-March to mid-April, and from early July to mid-August, the first and second generation adults spawn at the peak respectively. The first and second generation nymphs bloom in April-May and August-September, and nymphs can still be seen in late June 10. After the newly hatched nymph clusters harm the tender shoots, 3 ~ 5 nymphs often move and jump in groups. The first generation of adults first appeared in early June, and the second generation began to appear in mid-September. All adults emerged in 165438+ 10. As the temperature gradually drops, adults overwinter. The next spring, mating, spawning and reproduction began. Eggs are produced in pieces in shoots or petioles. Adults and nymphs will jump up and fly when they are frightened. It often happens in summer and autumn when the rain is continuous or heavy. In Shaxian County, Fujian Province, there were more moths and wax cicadas in early May and a large number of adults appeared in early June. Habits are similar to those of the white moth wax cicada.

(3) Prevention and control methods ① Use nets to kill adults in the peak period. (2) Cut off dense branches, insect branches and dead branches to facilitate ventilation, prevent spawning and reduce insect sources. (3) If the larvae are in full bloom, use 800 ~ 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon crystals, 50% krill EC and 50% Fengdaofen EC. When spraying, it is sprayed from the tree crown to the trunk, and then sprayed to the place where the insects jump after being frightened on the ground. At the early stage of adult flowering and spawning, spraying 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times, or using 3000 ~ 4000 times of 40% isocarbophos, 40% dimethoate, 20% mirex and 2.5% deltamethrin, the effect is very good.

H. Toona sinensis pests: Toona sinensis, smelly bugs. There are three stinkbug species that harm citrus in China: stinkbug, stinkbug and stinkbug. Bactrocera dorsalis is distributed in a few orange areas, and Toona sinensis is omnivorous, but its harm is not very serious. The most harmful and widely distributed species is the stink bug.

22. Long-snouted salamander (see Figure 2-28), also known as horned shoulder salamander, big green salamander and orange spiny salamander. Most citrus producing areas in China are distributed. Harm citrus, apples, pears and other fruit trees. Nymphs and adults insert needle-like mouthparts into fruits, twigs and leaves to absorb juice, so that the leaves turn yellow and the twigs turn brown and dry. After the young fruit is damaged, the oil cells in the peel are destroyed, the peel is tight and hard, and there is less juice. In the later stage, the damaged fruit decays and falls off, resulting in fruit drop.

Figure 2-28 Long-nosed bedbugs

1 .adult 2. Parasitic egg 3. Nine 4 ~ 8. 1 ~ 5 instar nymphs were hatched. Abdominal end of female adult 10. The abdominal end of a male adult.

Morphological characteristics (1) Adult body length 18.5 ~ 24.0 mm, green, shield-shaped, but also light yellow, yellowish brown or brown, the green on the front shield and small shield is darker. Both sides of the front edge of the front chest backboard protrude at an angle. The shoulder is black with thick black spots on it. The head protrudes, kissing the second or last segment of the abdomen, and the compound eye is black and hemispherical. The antenna has five nodes, and the shield shape is long and large, tongue-shaped and engraved with patterns. There is a convex longitudinal ridge in the middle of the ventral surface. The feet are brown. Before each festival, the rear edge of the abdomen is black, the two sides of the rear edge protrude into thorns, and the front wing is green. The center of the ventral genital node of the female insect divides, but the male insect does not divide. The egg is barrel-shaped, gray-green, and 1.8 mm long, with gum sticking to the leaves at the bottom. There is an egg cover at the top. Nymphs * * * 5th instar,1~ 3rd instar are light yellow to reddish yellow with black spots. At the fourth age, the chest is green, the abdomen is yellow, and wing buds appear; Five-year-old is all green with winged buds.

(2) Habits Odor bugs usually occur 1 generation a year, and overwinter as adults in dense branches and leaves of fruit trees or other cool and warm places. In April of the following year, adults began to resume feeding and mating, and laid eggs in the first half of May, with a long spawning period of three times in a lifetime, and the most eggs were laid in July. Most of the eggs are laid on the front of the leaves at the height of 1.2 ~ 1.8 meters above the ground outside the crown, and a few are laid on the fruit surface. Nymphs appear in May, and the peak period is July-August. Nymphs gather on the static leaves or fruits around the egg block when they hatch, and begin to feed in groups after molting for the first time. Nymphs of 2-3 years old often gather on the fruit to suck juice, which is the peak period of fruit drop caused by serious damage of nymphs. The nymph stage is about 45 days, and then it matures into an adult. Adults like to move on fruit trees with large crowns and dense branches and leaves, and perch on fruits or leaves. If disturbed, they fly far away and give off an unpleasant smell. Adults live a long life, lay eggs in May of the following year and die in June and July.

Natural enemies: The egg parasitic wasps in stinkbug with long snout include stinkbug orange thorn, flatleaf bee, egg parasitic wasp, yellow-frightened ant, etc.

(3) Prevention and control methods ① Catch the adults living on the leaves outside the canopy when the dew is still wet in the morning. (2) Remove the egg lumps on the leaves from May to September. ③ Protect and utilize natural enemies. Adults and nymphs are preyed by gall wasps, or parasitic bees artificially propagated in May-July are released in citrus orchards. (4) chemical control. At the peak of 1 ~ 2 instar nymphs, orchards with high insect population density were treated before a large number of parasitic bees appeared. Spraying 800 ~ 1000 times of 90% trichlorfon crystal or 80% dichlorvos or 40% isocarbophos or 3000 ~ 5000 times of 20% fenvalerate or 2.5% deltamethrin.

1. Cerambycidae: Cerambycidae is a branch or root borer. Mature larvae build a pupa chamber with wood fibers at the end of the wormhole, and secrete calcium carbonate to seal the pupa chamber, where they pupate into naked pupae, which affects the transportation of water and nutrients. This tree is not strong, and there are holes everywhere. According to records, there are more than 30 species of longicorn beetles that harm citrus in China. Among them, Monochamus alternatus feeds on the base and root of the trunk, Monochamus alternatus feeds on the trunk and main branches more than 33 cm above the ground, while Cerambycidae and Monochamus alternatus feed on branches and encroaching on main branches.

23. Anoplophora China (see Figure 2-29) is a common name of Anoplophora China, which is distributed in various citrus producing areas in China. Larvae damages stems and taproots within 0.5 meters from the ground, resulting in multiple holes, even whole holes, accumulation of tree-based feces, bark cracking and death of the whole plant. The wound it caused also created conditions for the invasion of foot rot fungi. Larvae is omnivorous, which not only harms citrus, but also harms willow, mulberry and other trees.

(1) Morphological characteristics The adults are 19 ~ 39 mm in length and 6 ~ 14 mm in width, with bright lacquer black, and there are many white fluff markings on the back of COLEOPTERA, which are arranged in nearly five rows. From antenna No.3 to 1 1, there are light blue black hair bands at the bottom of each section. The antenna of the male insect is slightly longer than the body length 1 times, and that of the female insect is slightly longer than the body length. The tumor of the anterior thoracic backboard is obvious, and the lateral spinous process is thick. The base of COLEOPTERA is densely covered with particles, and both sides narrow slightly backward. The tarsal bones of the small shield and feet are covered with light blue fine hairs. Eggs are 5 ~ 6 mm long, ovoid, light yellow, and turn yellowish brown before hatching. The mature larvae are 45 ~ 70 mm in length, 12.5 mm in chest width and light yellow. There are 1 pairs of yellow-brown bird-shaped stripes on the front of the chest backboard, 1 large yellow-brown "convex" stripes on the back, and dark brown thin lines on the front edge. No breasts or feet. The ventral surface of middle chest, back chest and abdomen 1 ~ 7 are all oval, with 2 transverse grooves and 4 rows of rosary nodules, and the ventral bullous process has 1 transverse grooves and 2 rows of nodules. Anal column 3. The pupa is about 30 mm long, yellowish white, sitting and lying in the pupa room like a puppet, dark brown when it is near eclosion, and its tentacles are curled, which looks like an adult.

(2) Living habits occur 1 generation every year, and overwinter in xylem as larvae. Adults appear in large numbers from May to June, feeding on twig cortex or leaves. Adults usually move at 9 ~ 13 on sunny days, mate and lay eggs, and stay at the root neck when the temperature is high at noon. From the end of May to the middle of June, it is the peak of spawning. Most eggs are laid on the trunk 5 cm above the ground, and a few are 30 ~ 70 cm away. The cortex of the spawning ground bulges and cracks in the shape of "L" or "T", and the surface is wet. After hatching, the larvae can eat down to 17 cm below the ground in the bark, and if they meet the roots, they can go down along the roots to a depth of about 33 cm. Larvae feed in the cortex and detour to the root neck or the epidermis of the main root, which often makes the worm feed in circles under the bark until the whole plant dies. Anoplophora glabripennis does not harm Poncirus trifoliata. When the larvae feed on the joint of Poncirus trifoliata rootstock, they do not dig holes downward, but feed horizontally around the trunk cortex. Larvae eat in cortex for 2-3 months, and then larvae eat in xylem. Boreholes are usually located 3-7 cm below the ground or only in the trunk above the ground. When entering xylem for the first time, the wormhole is straight, and then turns upward after reaching a certain depth. The wormhole is 17 ~ 33 cm long, with pupa chamber at the upper end and eclosion hole at the outlet. The hole is often covered with changed bark, which is easy to identify. 1 1 to 65438+February, the larvae stopped feeding and overwintering. Mature larvae will pupate in the next spring, while immature larvae need to continue feeding in the next spring before they can mature and pupate. The larval stage is about 10 month, and the pupal stage is 20 ~ 30 days.

Figure 2-29 longicorn beetles

1 .adult 2. Egg 3. Larva 4. Pupa 5. Root and neck cortical injury. Injury of xylem in root and neck (longitudinal section)

(3) Control methods ① Kill the adults in time. At the peak of adults, adults copulate between branches at noon on sunny days and lay eggs at the base of the trunk, and the number of insect mouths decreased in that year. ② Remove eggs and newly hatched larvae. From the first ten days of June to the last ten days of June, when there are slightly raised spawning cracks at the base of the trunk or the bark has infiltrated, beat the eggs or newly hatched larvae with a hammer and quickly cut off the eggs with a sharp knife. ③ Destroy the larvae. Anoplophora glabripennis larvae can damage bark for up to 2 months. Before they eat into the xylem, they can be peeled off, the larvae can be hidden not far away, and then killed with a steel hook. If larvae have invaded xylem, it is difficult to kill them. Check the tree first, clean up the dung scraps in the wormhole with steel wire, put absorbent cotton or waste paper into the wormhole with medicine, or inject medicine into the wormhole with a syringe, and then block the wormhole and other holes with wet mud. Commonly used pesticides are 80% dichlorvos EC or 40% dimethoate EC mixed with 5 ~ 10 times solution, or 1/8 ~ 1/6 pieces of aluminum phosphide stuffed into the wormhole, or 25 ~ 30 times solution of 70% longicorn repellent injected into the wormhole, and then blocked with wet mud. ④ Strengthen the management of citrus orchards to reduce the harm of longicorn beetles. Roots and necks should be cultivated regularly. According to the oviposition habit of Monochamus alternatus adults, after the larvae are hooked regularly, the soil should be cultivated in the roots and neck, and then the soil should be scraped off in time to remove eggs and newly hatched larvae, and then covered with soil. When the larvae are hooked, the soil can be removed. This measure can improve the spawning position of Monochamus alternatus and is beneficial to the removal of eggs.

24. The adult of N adezhdiella canttorihope (see Figure 2-30), commonly known as black cattle, is distributed in all citrus producing areas in China, which is harmful to citrus and grapes, especially citrus and grapefruit. Larvae mostly feed on the trunk and xylem of big branches above 0.5 meters from the ground. Feces often fall from the trunk, which hinders the transportation of water and nutrients of damaged citrus trees and weakens the trees or criss-crosses the decay path. Trunks and branches are easily blown off after xylem is hollowed out.

Figure 2-30 Brown longicorn beetle

1. Profile of the victim's trunk 2. Pupa 3. Egg 4. Larva 5. adult

Morphological characteristics (1) The adult is 26 ~ 5 1mm in length and10 ~/5 mm in width, dark brown, shiny and covered with grayish yellow fluff. There is a longitudinal groove 1 deep between the two compound eyes on the top of the head, and the groove in the forehead area is "()". The first section of the antenna is thick with irregular transverse folds, the fourth section is shorter than the third and fifth sections respectively, and the outer corners of the fifth to tenth sections are prominent. The antenna of the male worm exceeds the body length 1/2 ~ 2/3, and the antenna of the female worm is equal to or shorter than the body length. There are many brain-like folds on the back plate of the chest with sharp spikes on the side. Both sides of the sheath wing are almost parallel. The egg is about 2 ~ 3 mm long, oval, milky white at first birth, gradually turning yellow, and grayish brown before hatching. The surface of eggshell is densely covered with conical protrusions. The mature larvae are 46 ~ 60mm long, pale yellow and oblate. There is a broad brown belt on the back plate of the chest, which is divided into four sections, and the chest and feet are slightly equal to the tentacles. There are bullous protrusions on the ventral surfaces of the middle chest and the back chest, and on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the first to seventh abdominal knots. The bullous protuberance on the back has two transverse grooves and obvious lateral grooves, which are slightly "middle" shaped, and the anus is 3 cracks. The pupa is about 40 mm long, light yellow, shaped like an adult, with wing buds and leaves, reaching the rear end of the third abdomen.

(2) The living habit is 2 years or 2 ~ 3 years to complete a generation, and larvae or adults overwinter in the xylem cavity of the trunk. Larvae hatched before early July will pupate in August ~ 65438+1October of the following year, and emerge into adults in June ~1kloc-0/65438+1October to overwinter in the cave. In April of the third year, he went out of the hole. The end of April to the beginning of May is the peak of going out; Larvae hatched after August need two winters to pupate in May-June of the third year, and adults go out for activities after August. Most adults go out from May to July, lurk in caves during the day and go out at night, especially when the weather is sultry before it rains, especially at 20 ~ 2 1. Active between tree trunks, mating and spawning. Eggs are located in wounds, holes, cracked edges and dents of tree trunks, and each place lays eggs 1 or 2. Eggs are distributed from 33 cm above the ground to 3 m above the lateral branches, and there are more eggs near the bifurcation of the main trunk. The cortex of the old tree is rough, and the insect-eaten path in Gideon is also a spawning ground. Yellow gum oozes from the damaged bark of the larvae. When the larvae reach 65,438+00 ~ 65,438+05 mm in length, they begin to cross into the xylem, and then change direction upwards or halfway to form several branches. 3 ~ 5 blowholes are opened outward on the wormhole to discharge dung, and the holes are often opened in the east. The mature larvae build a rectangular pupa chamber in the wormhole and pupate in it. Larvae is about 17 years old, larval stage 1 5 ~1July or October, pupal stage1month.

(3) Control methods ① Strengthen cultivation management, promote vigorous growth of plants, keep the trunk unobstructed, and reduce the chances of laying eggs. When removing dead branches and stumps, we must ensure that the cross section is smooth and tidy, so as to achieve good wound healing. Wormholes in branches should be blocked with soil to prevent adults from sneaking into or laying eggs at the edge of the orifice. ② Trap and kill adults with flashlights or lanterns on hot and sunny nights at the peak of adults. (3) When gum is found on the bark surface, scrape off and kill the larvae under the bark with a sharp knife. (4) Hook killing or pesticide killing larvae, referring to the prevention and control methods of longicorn beetles.

25. Dalman's orange-green longicorn beetle, also known as Anoplophora glabra and Anoplophora glabra, is distributed in Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan and other provinces (autonomous regions). Larvae eat branches and open several holes for ventilation and defecation, also known as "piper" and "branch longicorn", which mainly harm citrus, occasionally walnuts and Broussonetia papyrifera. Damaged branches are riddled with holes and are easy to die or be broken by the wind. After the early damage, the leaves turned yellow and the tip withered, although the damage was not as good as that of longicorn beetles and brown longicorn beetles. But it will seriously affect the tree potential and yield.

Fig. 2-3 1 orange-green longicorn beetle

1 .pupa 2. Adult 3. Larva 4. Damaged suitcase

Morphological characteristics (1) The adult is 24 ~ 27 mm in length and 6 ~ 8 mm in width, dark green with metallic luster, dark green compound eyes, thin carved head, green abdomen with silver-gray villi, dark blue or dark green feet and antennae, and purple blue hind legs. There are 1 longitudinal slots extending from the forehead area to the top of the head area. The external horn in the fifth to 10 sections of the antenna is spiny, and the male antenna is slightly longer than the body. The chest back plate is similar in length and width, the lateral spinous process is slightly blunt, and the small shield is smooth; Coleoptera wings are more engraved and wrinkled, without markings. There are 6 segments in the abdomen of the male and 5 segments in the female. The egg is 4.7 mm long and 3.5 mm wide, rectangular and yellow-green. The mature larva is 46 ~ 55 mm in length and 7 mm in chest width. It is cylindrical and light yellow. The fifth to seventh abdominal segments are the longest, and there are dense brown short hairs on the sides of the first to second abdominal segments. The front area of chest backboard is reddish brown with many rough spots and the middle area is dark; The sulcus on both sides of the posterior region is deep, and the central ossifying plate is flat and raised, lavender. 3 pairs of chest and feet are small. The middle and posterior chest and the first to seventh dorsal abdominal segments of abdomen are covered with bullous protrusions with 1 transverse sulcus, with obvious middle sulcus and lateral sulcus, and beaded nodules scattered with brown particles on both sides of the sulcus. Anal fissure 3. Pupa length 19 ~ 25mm, width 6mm, yellow. The head is long, sticking back to the abdomen, the wing buds reach the third abdominal segment, and there are brown bristles on the back.

(2) Living habits occur once a year in Sichuan, Fujian and Guangdong, and larvae overwinter in branches. Adults begin to see from April to May, bloom from late May to mid-June, and are still visible in August. Adults are active, agile and have strong flying ability, and often move and mate between branches. Adults can mate after coming out of the hole, and the eggs are laid at the bifurcation of tender green shoots or the bifurcation of petiole and shoots, and the incubation period is from mid-June to early July. Larvae hatch by biting the bottom of the shell, eat branches from above after 5-7 days, and then eat tips upwards. The tip died after eating it empty. After that, the larvae turn downward and invade the trunk of big branches or young trees from branchlets. The larva opens an opening for ventilation and excrement discharge at a certain distance in the wormhole to discharge accumulated water. Not far below the lowest opening is the hiding place of larvae. Generally, there are/kloc-0 larvae per cavity. At the end of the year, the larvae began to overwinter, and the damage period was 180 ~ 200 days, the larval stage was 290 ~ 320 days, and the pupation stage was 23 ~ 25 days, from late April to late May of the following year.

(3) Control method ① Cut off the damaged shoots and remove the early larvae. In the early larval stage from June to July, the damaged twigs are examined one by one and cut off before the dead leaves turn yellow. (2) kill adults. Adults were killed on the branches during the peak period. Males have mating phenomenon, and 3 ~ 5 males often compete for 1 female and get together, which is easy to be caught. (3) After larva. At the last second hole of the injured branch, the larvae were first infarcted with twigs, so that they could not escape backwards and upwards, and then stabbed out from the last hole to kill them. (4) Drugs kill larvae. For Monochamus alternatus and other branches, before September and June of 65438+ 10, cotton can be dipped in chloropicrin, and the medicine can be stuffed down from the bottom hole of the branch, and then the hole above is sealed with soil. The sinking vinyl chloride gas will poison the larvae below, and the effect is very good. See Monochamus alternatus for the method of drug killing.

J. Gideon's pests: Gideon belongs to Coleoptera, Gideon family. Adults feed on young leaves, and larvae damage branches and stems, causing large pieces of bark to burst, or damage along the spiral of branches and stems, cutting off phloem, and finally gnawing at xylem, interrupting the transportation of nutrients and water, resulting in yellow leaves and dead branches, tree weakness or whole plant death. Mature larvae pupate in pupa chamber, naked pupae. There are four kinds of beetles: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Six-point Beetle eat the trunk and main branches, and are killed and peeled; Citrus bark beetles harm branches; Four-spotted larvae harm peach trees, and adults feed on citrus leaves.

26. Citrus black shank (see Figure 2-32), also known as citrus rust, is distributed in Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and other provinces (autonomous regions). The host is limited to citrus, and the larvae harm the trunk and main branches, resulting in many holes in the cortex, the damaged bark falling off, bursting into pieces, interrupting the cambium, hindering the transport of nutrients and water, causing the whole plant or main branches to die, which is easy to induce gummosis.

Figure 2-32 Citrus Peeling Machine

1. Victim 2. Larva 3. Pupa 4. adult

Morphological characteristics (1) The adult is 6 ~ 9 mm long, bronzed and metallic. There are three slender sections at the bottom of the antenna, and the other eight sections are flat. The tentacles are black, the base of the fifth section is light yellow, COLEOPTERA is copper, with tiny spots, and there are some obvious small teeth at the end of COLEOPTERA. Six knots can be seen in the abdomen, and the abdomen is bronze. There are long silvery white hairs on the ventral surface of the male's head, chest and back chest, and there is a large brown spot at the end of the node, which is particularly obvious from the side view. The egg is 0.7 ~ 0.9 mm long, barrel-shaped, milky white at first birth, and gradually turns khaki and light brown before hatching, with serrated thorns around the top egg cover. The mature larvae are 18 ~ 23 mm long, flat, slender, milky white or light yellow. The head is small and brown, and it is trapped in the chest except the mouth. The front chest is particularly large, flat and round, and the middle and back chest are very small. There are obvious brown longitudinal lines in the center of the back and abdomen, the chest in the middle back is narrowed like a neck, and the chest and feet are degraded. The width of the front and rear edges of the abdomen is slightly equal, and there are 1 pair of dark brown pliers at the end. The pupa is oblate and conical, with a body length of 8.5 ~10 mm. At the initial stage of pupation, it is milky white, soft and wrinkled, and gradually turns yellow-brown. Before eclosion, it turns blue-black, with metallic luster.

(2) Living habits are 1 generation a year, with mature larvae overwintering in xylem and a few young larvae overwintering in phloem. Due to different insect ages, the occurrence is extremely irregular. At the beginning of April of the following year, it began to emerge and lurked in the hole for 7-8 days before biting through the bark and coming out of the hole. There are many pits in sunny days after the rain. The first batch of adults is large in number and harmful, and the later adults emerge sporadically, so larvae can be seen in the trunk all year round. Adults are lively and fly fast. In sunny days, they mostly feed on the young leaves in the crown, and in rainy days, they lie on the branches and leaves. Adults have suspended animation. When disturbed, they will fall to the ground and fly away. Adults begin to mate 5 ~ 7 days after coming out of the hole, mate 2 ~ 3 times in their whole lives, and lay eggs 1 ~ 2 days after mating. Eggs are laid in small cracks in the trunk within the range of 1 m from the ground, and some eggs are laid under lichens and mosses, which are scattered into 2 ~ 10 egg pieces. The newly hatched larvae harm the shallow bark, and the bark presents loose sesame-like oil droplets, followed by gum. When the larvae reach the cambium, they will feed upward or downward, and irregular cavities will appear, which are filled with feces. Severely damaged bark separated from xylem, phloem died and bark burst. When the larvae mature, they invade the xylem about 5 mm deep, build a crescent pupa chamber, drill eclosion holes and seal the holes with sawdust. In the second spring, the front end of the pupa faces outwards and the body becomes shorter. Young larvae overwintering in phloem can invade xylem to pupate in the second spring, or they can not invade xylem to pupate. Bark with rough cracks is seriously damaged, aging trees are seriously damaged, lemon and red orange are seriously damaged, and rich orange, Lu orange, sweet orange and grapefruit are slightly damaged.

(3) Prevention and control methods ① Clear dead trees in winter and spring to prevent adults from coming out of holes. Before the adults come out of the hole (usually before April), clean and burn the dead trees, eliminate a large number of larvae and pupae hidden in them, or bind the damaged trees with straw ropes, bind them tightly from bottom to top and brush mud, leaving no gaps to prevent the adults from coming out of the hole, which is beneficial to the healing of tree wounds. ② Strengthening cultivation management. Do a good job in drought resistance, fertilization, antifreeze and pest control of citrus trees, keep the trees clean and reduce the chances of laying eggs. 3 drugs kill adults. At the peak of adult emergence, firstly, scrape off the warped skin of the moth-eaten part of the trunk, and then spray (coat) it on the trunk with 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate of 1∶4, or 40% monocrotophos emulsifiable concentrate and 50% fenitrothion emulsifiable concentrate 200 times, so that the adult can bite the bark and die of perforation poisoning when leaving the hole. You can also use 50% dichlorvos EC 2000 times, 40% isocarbophos 1000 ~ 1500 times, 40% quinalphos 1500 times and 90% trichlorfon1000 ~/kloc at the peak of adult emergence. (4) eliminate larvae. From June to July, when sesame-like dispersed oil droplets and glue flow appear in the damaged part of the trunk, we should pay close attention to prevention and control as soon as possible, knock the damaged part with iron or scrape out the newly hatched larvae with a knife. Or use 40% omethoate emulsifiable concentrate and 25% iminophosphate emulsifiable concentrate to prepare 3-5 times of liquid medicine.

27.Agrilus sp (see Figure 2-33), also known as Citrus pestle, is mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Guangdong and Guangxi. The host is limited to citrus. Larvae eat the branches of citrus trees, and the trunks of young trees are also damaged. They feed from top to bottom between the cortex (phloem) and xylem, forming a spiral path, and the upper parts of the damaged branches are dry. In severe cases, each plant can reach hundreds of larvae, which will deform the crown, weaken the tree potential and reduce the yield.

Figure 2-33 Citrus Peeling Machine

1 .larval 2. adult

Morphological characteristics (1) The adult is about 10 mm long, black and dull in metallic luster. The concave carving between the top of the head and the two compound eyes presents two clear multi-ring concentric ellipses. Compound eyes are yellow and green. There are longitudinal wrinkles on the head and rough transverse wrinkles on the chest back plate. COLEOPTERA's wings are black, densely covered with dots, and there are clear white markings at the proximal end 1/3. The pterodactyl of COLEOPTERA is thinner than that of dust mite, and the antenna is serrated at 1 1. Egg length 1.7 mm, steamed bread-like, milky white, gradually turning yellow, black before hatching. Mature larvae are 23 ~ 26 mm long, flat and slender, and milky white. The back plate of the front chest is large and nearly round, and the middle and back chest are reduced; The abdominal segment is trapezoidal, and there are 1 pairs of pincers at the abdominal end. The pupa is 9 ~ 12 mm long and spindle-shaped. At the beginning of pupation, it is milky white, and it turns yellow-brown before eclosion.

(2) Living habits occur once a year 1 generation, and larvae overwinter in the xylem of branches, pupate in mid-April of the following year, emerge in early May, and bloom in early June, which can be delayed until July, so the time for laying eggs, hatching and feeding larvae into xylem is inconsistent. Early adults lay eggs and enter the whole incubation period from late June to early July. Larvae is seriously damaged and feeds into xylem around late July. Adults usually lay eggs in July and August in the later stage, and the larvae damage later. They enter the xylem from the beginning of August, and the males see them 4 ~ 5 days earlier than the females. In Fujian (Yongchun), adults came out of the hole earlier, about the beginning of May. Adults begin to mate 5 or 6 days after coming out of the hole, and lay eggs 1 ~ 3 days after mating. Eggs are attached to the outside of the epidermis of branches and are often covered with green-brown substances. Newly hatched larvae invade the cortex, causing damage. Foam-like glue flow can be seen in the early stage. Later, the larvae ate the cambium and the damage was about 30 mm long, forming a spiral wormway (chute). The larvae hatched in the early stage have a long damage period, while the moths are long and large. When the larvae mature, they burrow into the xylem for the winter. A crescent hole (entrance) can be seen in xylem, and the adult emergence hole is also crescent. The distance between the larval lurking position and the borehole is 65438±00mm, and the included angle between the borehole and the xylem larval lurking position is about 45.

(3) Prevention methods ① Clean up dead branches in winter and spring. Before April, combined with garden cleaning, the dead branches damaged by larvae were removed to reduce the source of insects. 2 drugs kill adults. The method is the same as that of citrus peeler. ③ Scrape off the larvae. Mainly to remove the newly hatched larvae, and scrape them off with a knife when foam glue is found from late June to early July. If the larvae have entered the xylem, they can be found in the last circle of the wormhole. If there is fresh insect dung outside the hole, it means that the larvae are alive. Then, it turns 45 along the spiral pattern, and the distance from the hole is about 1 cm, and pricks the hole with a small tip to kill the larvae that have entered the xylem.

K. Leaf beetle pests: Leaf beetle, also known as golden flower worm, belongs to COLEOPTERA, and adults often have metallic luster. Similar to longicorn beetles, the tarsal joints are all hidden in five segments, that is, the third segment is unfolded into leaves. The fourth section is small and looks like four sections, but the antenna cannot be born on the basal tumor, nor can it be folded back and hung on the side of the body. There are few double distances in each tibial segment, and there is no sound generator in the middle chest. There are malignant leafhoppers in various citrus producing areas in China, including leaf miner1611145 and leaf miner. In some citrus orchards, there are also four species of leaf beetle: citrus mosaic leaf beetle, brown yellow leaf beetle, citrus tortoise leaf beetle and yellow-breasted leaf beetle.

28. The malignant leafhopper (see Figure 2-34) is also known as malignant leafhopper, black shell worm and black leafhopper, and its larvae are commonly known as yellow gall insect and yellow slippery cow. Distributed in various citrus producing areas in China, the host is only citrus. Both adults and larvae can harm new buds, buds and young fruits. Adults eat leaves into the waxy layer only on the surface of leaves, or eat leaves into holes or nicks, and young fruits eat into holes and fall off. 10 larvae gather on twigs to feed on leaves, secrete mucus and excrete feces to pollute the young leaves, and the young leaves become scorched and fall off.

Morphological characteristics of (1): The females are 3 mm long and 1.7 ~ 2 mm wide, while the males are slightly smaller, all of which are oval, blue-black and metallic. Antennas filiform, yellowish brown. The chest backboard is densely dotted with small points, and the small shield is triangular. Each COLEOPTERA has 10 lines, and the line near the dorsal raphe is only 1/3 at the base of COLEOPTERA, with brown feet, thick hind limbs and legs, good at jumping, and brown to dark brown body and abdomen. It is about 0.6 mm long, oval, white at first, yellow and white later, and dark brown before hatching. The eggshell is covered with yellowish brown reticular mucosa, and two eggs are produced side by side. The mature larva is about 6 mm long, with a black head and a half-moon hard skin on the back plate of the chest, which is divided into left and right areas. There are 1 black protrusions in the lateral area of the middle and rear thoracic backboard, and 3 pairs of chest feet are black. The back of the body is often burdened with gray-green feces and excrement. The pre-pupa is about 3 mm long, with an arc or semicircle, bright orange and smooth, and wings, buds, feet and tentacles have all appeared. The pupa is about 2.7 mm long and oval, changing from yellow to orange, with 1 pair of dark tail forks at the end of abdomen.

Figure 2-34 Malignant Leaf Worm

1 .adult 2. Pupa 3. Egg 4. Larva 5. Larval damage.

(2) Living habits: malignant leaf insects have three generations a year, three to four generations a year in southern Fujian and Hunan (western Hunan and central Hunan), and six to seven generations in Chaoyang, Guangdong. Most of them overwinter in lichens, mosses or moldy piles, tree holes, weeds, litter and loose soil. In winter, in sunny weather, adults can still move or crawl between branches and leaves. Generally, the number of larvae in the first generation is more than that in other generations, which is the most serious. By the second and third generation, the number of larvae decreased and the harm was less. In the middle and late March, adults begin to mate and lay eggs at the edge or tip of young leaves. The egg period is 2 ~ 6 days, and the first generation larvae are in full bloom from April to May. In southern Fujian, the overwintering adults began to lay eggs in late February, and the first generation larvae flourished in early April, which was the most harmful to the spring shoots.

Adults are good at flying and jumping, and some have suspended animation. Their life span is about 2 months. They start eating 2-3 days after emergence. The mesophyll is not deeply perforated and the young leaves are scorched. Young fruit can't grow normally after being killed, and it is easy to fall off. Females mate five times in their lifetime, and most of the eggs are laid on the front leaf tip or the rear leaf edge and leaf tip, and a few are laid on petioles, tender tips and buds. The epidermis of leaves is occluded with mouthparts to form a 1 small depression, which secretes colloid to wrap the surface of eggs. Each female lays eggs for more than 100 years. When ripe, climb into the soil along the trunk or climb to the bark and moss below to pupate. Citrus orchards are poorly managed and there are many citrus trees.