Is the Cold Food Festival Tomb-Sweeping Day? What's the difference between them?

The Cold Food Festival has a history of more than 2,000 years from the Spring and Autumn Period to now. This festival has been preserved and has not disappeared because of the changes of the times. So what's the difference between Cold Food Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day? Are they the same festival?

What's the difference between cold food and Qingming

One hundred and five days after beginning of winter, the solstice was called cold food. In the past, fire was forbidden and cold food was eaten, so it was also called Cold Food Festival and No Smoking Festival. According to folklore, cold food is to commemorate the burning of mesons in Mianshan during the Spring and Autumn Period, and Jin Wengong ordered the fire to be banned. Jiezitui is from Shanxi, so the custom of cold food is first popular in Shanxi. In the old days, cold food cut off fire, and the next day there was a ceremony to drill wood for fire in the palace, and the people also begged each other for fire with wicker.

Fifteen days after the vernal equinox is Qingming, a good day for an outing. Tomb-Sweeping Day is also a day to visit graves and worship ancestors. Folk also known as Ghost Festival, Ghost Festival, July 15, 10/day, also known as Sanming Festival, there is a ceremony for the city god to patrol the city.

Cold Food Festival and Qingming Festival were originally two festivals, but most people in Shandong combined them into one. Generally called Tomb-Sweeping Day, a few areas are called Cold Food Festival, but the festival is in Tomb-Sweeping Day. Three days before Tomb-Sweeping Day, Kenli was called Big Cold Food, Second Cold Food and Third Cold Food. On the fourth day, it was Qingming, during which people visited graves and went hiking. Juancheng takes the day before Tomb-Sweeping Day as the Cold Food Festival, also known as the Ghost Gate Festival in Tomb-Sweeping Day.

Grave-sweeping is a major activity in Tomb-Sweeping Day. In the past, the grave-sweeping ceremony in Tai 'an was quite grand. The host took four side dishes and jiaozi to the ancestral grave, where they offered sacrifices first, then burned incense and paper, and sprinkled wine as a souvenir. When sweeping graves in Zhaoyuan, Jimo, Linqu and Linqing, new soil should be added in front of the graves. It is said that this is to repair the house for the ancestors in case of heavy rain in summer, which is essentially a memory of the ancestors. Most areas sweep graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day, a few areas (such as Zhucheng) sweep graves at the Cold Food Festival, and Longkou and Boxing sweep graves four days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. Now people usually sweep graves in Tomb-Sweeping Day.

Willow and pine branches are planted all over Shandong, and Tomb-Sweeping Day is said to be a memorial meson push. Every household in Tai 'an inserted wicker and put wicker rings on dogs. Folk Song: Dogs turn yellow when they die. Jimo is used to wearing pine branches, which means that it is as prosperous as pine and cypress. Linyi and Zhucheng tapped the walls with wicker and pine branches, saying: Tomb-Sweeping Day once a year, willow branches alone in green gang, you are not allowed to pass by the door during the day and sting people at night.

Qingming outing is extremely common in Shandong. The children in Linqu and Tengzhou went for an outing and flew kites outside the village early in the morning. Some whistles are made of wicker, and they are beautiful. In some places, children lift their faces and exhale, which is said to be to vent internal fire. Swing is a habit in most areas. There are three kinds of swings in Weifang: one is straight swing (suitable for the elderly), the other is swing, and the third is swing. Jimo pays more attention to Tomb-Sweeping Day. On this day, people put on holiday clothes as soon as they get up, especially women. They all dressed up beautifully and visited everywhere. First, they watched their new wife sitting on a cold food (the new wife should sit on the kang like on her wedding day), and then they went to swing. High swing means a good life, so everyone is fighting for each other and playing happily on the swing. On this day, women are very happy, so there is a saying that women are Qingming men's year.

The Origin and Development of Tomb-Sweeping Day

Tomb-Sweeping Day is a traditional folk festival in China and one of the eight important festivals in China (Shangyuan, Qingming, Long Summer, Dragon Boat Festival, Central Plains, Mid-Autumn Festival, Winter Solstice and New Year's Eve). Generally, it is around April 5 of the Gregorian calendar, and the festival is very long. There are two statements:/kloc-8 days before 0/0, 10 days after 10. In the past 20 days, Tomb-Sweeping Day originally meant Tomb-Sweeping Day, and 15 days after the vernal equinox in 935 was designated as a national holiday by the government of the Republic of China, also known as the National Tomb Sweeping Festival. [ 1]

To talk about Tomb-Sweeping Day, we should start with a festival called Cold Food Festival.

The Cold Food Festival, also known as the Hot Food Festival, the No-smoking Festival and the Cold Food Festival, is only one or two days away from the winter solstice 108. The main festival custom of this festival is to ban fire, cook without fire, and only eat prepared hot food and cold food, hence the name.

It is said that the origin of Tomb-Sweeping Day began with the ceremony of offering sacrifices to the tombs of ancient emperors, and later people followed suit. On this day, offering sacrifices to ancestors and sweeping graves became a fixed custom of the Chinese nation.

Tomb-Sweeping Day's name also comes from "Tomb-Sweeping Day" in the twenty-four solar terms of the China lunar calendar. 108 The day after beginning of winter is Qi's Tomb-Sweeping Day. Tomb-Sweeping Day gas * * * has 15 days. As it is Tomb-Sweeping Day, the time is after the vernal equinox. At this time, winter has gone, spring is full, the weather is sunny, the fields are bright and clean, and the vitality of nature is everywhere. It is appropriate to call this period Qingming.

One revolution of the earth is 360 degrees of the yellow meridian, and when the earth reaches zero degrees of the yellow meridian, it is designated as the vernal equinox, and then there is a solar term every time it runs 15 degrees, and there are 24 solar terms in * * *. Therefore, the dates of solar terms in the solar calendar are fixed, and there will be two-day differences in leap years.

The lunar calendar is a yin-yang calendar that reflects phenological changes and guides agricultural time. It also combines the lunar calendar, that is, the cycle of the lunar phase is 29.5 days (the time interval from one full moon to the next). Because calculating the specific time of lunar solar terms requires accurate astronomical knowledge and mathematical knowledge, the time of each solar term in the previous almanac was promulgated by (for example, beginning of spring was accurate to year, month, day, minute and second), and the calculation rules for different times were different. The Draft of Qing History used a long space and many graphic formulas to illustrate the calculation method at that time. Generally speaking, the law of setting solar terms in the lunar calendar only determines that the first month is a solar term and the middle of the month is a neutral one. The interval between two solar terms is 15 days, which is the only basis for people to calculate. Solar term song is also the necessary knowledge for ordinary people to master solar terms. A slightly more complicated calculation is that the winter solstice of the previous year (when the sun is the least in a year) is cold food after 105, and Qingming is after 106; It's much simpler according to the solar calendar. April 5 or 4 (depending on February 29 of that year) will do. Astronomically speaking, on April 5 or 6, when the apparent sun (that is, the position of the sun on the ecliptic) reaches 15 degrees.

In the concept of the ancients, 108 is a large number representing perfection, auspiciousness, antiquity and profundity. It is of profound significance to put Qingming Festival on the 108 day from winter to the future. Qingming gets its name not only because everything grows cleanly at this time, but also because the sun in this period is also a fresh sun, and the sun flowing between heaven and earth in this period is also a fresh sun.

Legend has it that after Dayu's flood control, people celebrated Qingming that the flood had been eliminated and the world was at peace. At this time, spring blossoms, everything recovers, and the sky is clear and bright, which is a good season for spring outing. Going for an outing began as early as the Tang Dynasty and has become a habit throughout the ages. In addition to enjoying the beautiful lakes, mountains and spring scenery, we also carry out various entertainment activities to increase the interest of life.

Grave-sweeping is very popular in Tomb-Sweeping Day. In fact, sweeping graves is the content of Tomb-Sweeping Day's Cold Food Festival the day before. It is said that cold food originated in Jin Wengong to mourn Jiexiu. Twenty years after the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he ordered the world to eat cold food and go to the grave. Because cold food is associated with Qingming, it gradually spread to sweeping graves in Qingming. During the Qingming period, sweeping graves is more popular. In ancient times, children often flew kites when sweeping graves. Some kites are equipped with bamboo flutes, which can make a sound when the wind blows, just like the sound of kites. It is said that this is the reason why kites get their names.

Tomb-Sweeping Day was very common in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zhang Zeduan's Qingming? A href = "819/"target = "_ blank" > What is the sign of fresh wood shrimp oil muscle interview? ┿≥? Kaifeng) People on both sides of the Bianhe River.

Since 2008, China has recognized Tomb-Sweeping Day as a legal holiday with one day off. It was changed to three days in 2009. Has continued to this day.

Summary: Tomb-Sweeping Day is a traditional sacrificial festival in China, and the Cold Food Festival is a festival for eating cold food in China. There is not much time difference between the two festivals, so many people are easily confused. In fact, these two festivals are completely different, and they are two independent festivals.