What are the hazards and protective measures of haze weather?

It is generally believed that the sources of smog are industrial emission pollution, urban construction and decoration, road dust, domestic heating and smoke exhaust and automobile exhaust. Haze contains volatile acid fog such as fine dust, nitric acid and sulfuric acid fog, organic hydrocarbons and heavy metals. And this is the main component of air pollutants, dust and automobile exhaust in heavy industry. In particular, coal-fired power generation, metallurgy, chemical industry, wood processing and building materials industries with concentrated dust are one of the main sources of atmospheric particles and sulfides. Most of the automobile exhaust is nitrogen oxides and carbon oxides, especially the particulate matter content in diesel automobile exhaust is larger.

Industrial emissions and automobile exhaust constitute the most important hazards in smog pollution. With the saturation of industrialization development in major developed industrialized countries, the pollution industry gradually withdrew from the local area, the awareness of environmental protection was enhanced, the process of atmospheric environmental control was accelerated, and such serious pollution incidents gradually decreased and disappeared. At present, China is in a critical period of industrialization, and the development of basic industries, processing industries and fine industries is booming simultaneously. Especially since the reform and opening up more than 30 years ago, the process of urbanization has been accelerated, automobiles have been popularized, China has entered the ranks of quasi-developed countries, and people's demand for industrial products and services and energy consumption have been increasing. A large number of needed basic industries, untreated small factories and backward overcapacity coexist, which has caused great pressure on the atmospheric environment. Because China's industrialization started late in the world's major industrialized countries, but it has developed rapidly, China's industrial capacity has doubled several times in just a few years, and the subsequent industrial pollution and the rapid popularization of automobiles have brought about exhaust pollution faster and even greater than the problems experienced by industrialized countries.

It takes time to control smog. Because major countries in Europe and America have experienced the process of air pollution caused by industrialization, the smog in Britain, the earliest industrial revolution, lasted for hundreds of years, and the United States was once the hardest hit by air pollution. In the 1970s, everyone began to pay attention to environmental governance, and they all had experiences and lessons in this respect. Therefore, it is necessary to learn the advanced international practices for our use.

At the same time, all kinds of emission sources should be comprehensively treated. Those that can be controlled by electrostatic precipitator should be enforced, and those that cannot be controlled should be restricted by legislation. Individuals should also pay attention to it through education and publicity. According to recent research, the World Health Organization identified air pollution as "carcinogenic to human beings" for the first time, and regarded it as a universal and major environmental carcinogen.

This is a matter involving industry interests. In fact, all industrial countries in history have experienced serious smog pollution, typical of which is Britain. The source of smog is very simple and has historical experience. However, China can't give up industrial development now, and it is difficult to form an overall joint effort to control smog due to the unbalanced regional development, local protectionist taxation and other factors. Moreover, Beijing's geographical environment is in the north of Taihang Mountain, and the plain area is in the southeast, facing the North China Plain. Once the north wind is weak and the southeast wind is strong, it will blow the smog all over the North China Plain.

Personal protective measures should be taken when going out:

The World Health Organization identified air pollution as "carcinogenic to human beings" for the first time, and regarded it as a universal and major environmental carcinogen. This statement was issued by the International Agency for Research on Cancer under the World Health Organization. The International Agency for Research on Cancer in Lyon, France, said in its report that there is sufficient evidence that exposure to outdoor air pollution will lead to lung cancer and the risk of bladder cancer will increase accordingly. Experts from this institution held a week-long meeting, reviewed more than 1000 latest works from research institutions on five continents around the world, and finally made a determination. China Academy of Social Sciences and China Meteorological Bureau jointly issued the Green Paper on Climate Change, which reported that smog weather affects health, which not only aggravates diseases of respiratory system and heart system, but also affects reproductive capacity. At present, the most direct harm of smog to human health is mainly to increase the incidence of respiratory diseases. Hazy weather has an acute impact on health, mainly manifested as symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, asthma, conjunctivitis, bronchitis, eye and throat irritation, cough, dyspnea, nasal congestion and runny nose, rash, cardiovascular system disorder and other diseases. The incidence/hospitalization rate of respiratory diseases has increased. In addition, smog weather will have some indirect effects on human health. Haze will weaken ultraviolet radiation. If smog often occurs, it will affect the synthesis of vitamin D in human body, lead to a high incidence of rickets in children and enhance the activity of infectious bacteria in the air. Smog weather will also affect people's mental health, making people depressed and pessimistic. Photochemical smog, a by-product of smog, can be said to have accumulated highly toxic carcinogens, which is the most harmful to human health.

I hope the above content can help you. If in doubt, please consult a professional lawyer.

Legal basis:

Article 81 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China

When a motor vehicle runs on an expressway, it shall comply with the following provisions in case of low visibility meteorological conditions such as fog, rain, snow, dust and hail:

(a) when the visibility is less than 200 meters, turn on the fog lights, low beam lights, position lights and front and rear position lights, the speed shall not exceed 60 kilometers per hour, and keep a distance of more than 100 meters from the vehicle in front of the same lane;

(2) When the visibility is less than 100 meters, turn on fog lights, low beam lights, position lights, front and rear position lights and hazard warning flashlights, the speed shall not exceed 40 kilometers per hour, and keep a distance of more than 50 meters from the vehicle in front of the same lane;

(3) When the visibility is less than 50 meters, turn on fog lights, low beam lights, position lights, front and rear position lights and hazard warning flashlights, and the speed shall not exceed 20 kilometers per hour, and leave the expressway from the nearest exit as soon as possible.