Lecture 36 of Zhuyun School

In order to avoid "committing loneliness", two methods can be adopted:

The first method is: in the sentence pattern of "flat and flat, flat and flat", the first word of five characters and the third word of seven characters should try to avoid using the word "flat and flat". For example:

A berth at the foot of Gubei Mountain.

Wangwan

Castle Peak, my boat and I, along the green water.

Until the river bank widens at low tide, and no wind blows my lonely sail.

The sea level rises, the night continues, and the old year melts in freshness.

I can finally send my messenger, the wild goose, back to Luoyang.

The first word "line" in the second sentence of the first couplet of this poem "I and my boat, along the green water" is flat, and the word "river" in the second sentence of the neck couplet is the same.

The second way is to "save Gu Ping". Because of the need of poetry, if the first word of the five words and the third word of the seven words in the above example must use the word "lifetime", it must be solved by "salvation". So as to avoid loneliness, we usually call this method "difficult to save."

What do you mean, hard to save? All flat and irregular sentences need to be saved. If the word "ou" is used in front of a sentence, it must be omitted with one word or in its dialogue. The so-called salvation here is compensation, that is, flat compensation, flat compensation.

1, this sentence saved himself.

There are basic sentence patterns in metrical poems, namely:

Very flat, very flat.

be plain and simple

Flat and light.

It is flat.

The second sentence pattern, that is, the "flat tone" sentence pattern, if the first word uses flat tone, the third word must use flat tone as compensation, and it becomes "flat tone", otherwise it will be lonely. For example:

Qinzhou zashi

Du Fu

Feng has never stopped, and it is often difficult to go fishing in the sea. Waiting for fire, clouds, hanging up the army and drying the well. The wind is moving to the west, and the moon is cold in Beidou. So, I always think about when to build an altar.

The first word in the first couplet of this poem should be Pingsheng, but the word "Feng" is used, which is called "Ou". And the third word "brother" should be used in a flat voice, not "save". In this way, the "elder brother" in this poem omits the "phoenix", thus avoiding loneliness. This is the so-called "self-help in this sentence", which is also the so-called "saving people in this sentence". In five-character poems, this kind of sentence salvation is often called "one depression and three rescues"

In the seven-character poem, that is, in the sentence pattern of "flat and even, flat and even", if the third word is flat and even, then the fifth word must be remedied with flat and even words. Like arranging flowers and singing.

Shao Yong

The flowers on the head glow in the wine cellar, and there are good flowers in the wine cellar.

After two quiet days, I saw the heyday of the Four Dynasties.

Strong conditions, in the prime of life.

The wine is full of flowers, the shadow is red, and you won't get drunk before the flowers.

The word "four" in the second sentence of the couplet in this poem should be flat and even, but the word "awkward" is used. The fifth word "Quan" should be silent, but using the word "Ping Sheng" to "save" and using the word "Quan" to compensate for the word "Four" can avoid loneliness, which is also the salvation of this sentence. In the seven words, this way is also called "three struggles and five rescues".

Step 2 save each other's sentences

If the fourth word of five characters and the sixth word of seven characters are used in the sentence pattern of five-character rhyme "Occasionally Flat" and seven-character rhyme "Occasionally Flat", then the third word of five characters and the first word of seven characters are in the dialogue. This becomes:

It is flat.

Flat and light.

Just plain, just plain.

It is flat. It is flat.

We call this form dialogue savings. For example:

Farewell to Wang Wei

meng haoran

I waited slowly and reluctantly, day after day, until now I had to leave. Old friend, how sweet the roadside flowers would be if they didn't mean goodbye. The lords of the kingdom are very hard on us, and the people who handle affairs are not our own kind. You should just be lonely, and I will close the door of my old garden.

The third word in the first sentence of this poem should be flat, but the word "static" is "proud". In the second sentence, the third word should be "empty", but in order to make up for it, the word "empty" is used. The word "Jing" is compensated by the word "empty" in the sentence, which is the sentence rescue. Another example is the seven-character poem:

Yeboshui village

Lu you

The arrow at the waist has withered for a long time, and the big breath is not famous yet.

Lao Tzu is still as good as the desert, why do you cry for a new pavilion?

A person's life is worth 10 thousand deaths in the country, and no one's temples can be green.

Remembering the rivers and lakes, lying and smelling the cold light of the new geese.

In the first sentence of this poem, the fifth and sixth words should be flat, but the word "quiet and graceful" is also "Europe". In the second sentence, the fifth word should be the word "Nuo", but in order to make up for it, the word "Wu" was used. In this way, the word "none" is used to remedy the word "all". This is also the mutual rescue of sentences, also called "one rescue two"

3. Can it be saved?

Similarly, in Ping Ping, a five-character poem, and Ping Ping, a seven-character poem, the third word of the five-character poem and the fifth word of the seven-character poem all use phonetic characters; The fourth word of the five-character poem and the sixth word of the seven-character poem are useless. This condition is called "semi-depression", which belongs to the category of salvageable, such as:

To Li Bai at the end of the sky

Du Fu

A cold wind is blowing from the distant sky. What are you thinking, old friend? .

The geese never answered me, and the rivers, lakes and seas were flooded by rain.

A poet should be careful to prosper, but the devil can trouble a vagrant.

It should be * * * murder. Throw him the poem, where he drowned himself in the Milo River.

In this poem, the third word in the first sentence of the couplet should have been flat, but the word "several" was "half awkward" and could have been omitted. Because "one, three" is not important. But in the second sentence, the author still saves it with the third word "autumn", which can also be counted as "several" Another example is the following seven-character poem:

Xianyang chengdong tower

Xu hun

Alone in a tall building, Wan Li is sad, and the willow is like Tingzhou.

The clouds are beginning to set, the sun is setting and rain is coming.

At dusk, birds fly in the garden, and in late autumn, cicadas chirp in the leafy trees.

Passers-by don't ask about the past, only the Weihe River flows eastward as always.

The fifth word in the first sentence of this poem is written in a flat voice, but the word "day" is written in a flat voice. Is it "half embarrassed" or hopeless? However, in the second sentence, the poet used the fifth word "wind" to remedy it. It turns out that the fifth word in the second sentence is the word "falling sound", but the word "wind" saves the word "day" into a sentence. The third word of this sentence should have been a flat voice, but the word "desire" was used, so the word "wind" omitted the word "desire". As we can see, this poem has both sentences and dialogues.

4. Special flat and even sentence patterns

In the sentence patterns of "Ping Ping" in five-character poems and "Ping Ping" in seven-character poems, the third and fourth characters in five-character poems can be interchanged, from "Ping Ping" to "Shang Ping". But in this case, the first word of five words and the third word of seven words must be flat. Not anymore. The above format is very common in Tang and Song poetry, and it is also a formal format. For example:

Doing things in the suburbs is doing things.

Hao Cheng

The grass is growing, and the grass is growing, and it enters the surrounding Shan Ye in spring.

Xing Zhui Hong crosses Liuxiang and is trapped in flowing water.

Sue shouldn't refuse this cup of wine, and don't let the most sincere heart drink it. I'm afraid the wind will blow flowers and pieces will fly everywhere.

Besides, it's Tomb-Sweeping Day today, and it's met with fine weather. It's very suitable for sightseeing, but you can't leave.

The seventh sentence in this poem, "It's sunny and sunny", is in a "plain" format. In metrical poems, this format generally appears, the third sentence or the seventh sentence. Therefore, this format is called special plane format. It can also be used as a regular format.

This is the end of tonight's class. Thank you for your company. The law and most of it were completed today.

Start speaking words in the next class.