What should the lunar base look like?

Zhou Jiannan, Jiangsu Huangdai Middle School [Textbook Analysis] A Study on the Problems after the First Unit of Planet Earth, a compulsory geography course in the New Curriculum Standard People's Education Press. Through the analysis of the basic situation of the moon, we know that there are conditions suitable for human survival on the moon: there are gravity, ice and mineral resources in the polar regions; The analysis of the data of "Biosphere 2" makes us clear the similarities and differences with the lunar base, and also gains experience and lessons from the experiment of "Biosphere 2". After discussing the lunar resources, I know that there are resources on the moon that can be used to build a lunar base. Through the above analysis, it is not easy to establish a lunar base, but with our human efforts, the lunar base will eventually be built, which is expected to become the first activity place established by human beings on an extraterrestrial planet. We can come up with reasonable design schemes and build various lunar bases. [Teaching objective] Knowledge and skills 1. Learn to explore learning in problem research. 2. Apply the previous knowledge about the life condition of the earth to the problem study, guide the practice with theory, and consolidate the learned knowledge. 3. Cultivate students' ability to find, collect and analyze data in various ways. Process and method 1. On the basis of what we have learned, we boldly conceive and innovate, and scientifically try to plan the lunar base. 2. Strengthen the implementation of research-based learning courses by means of inquiry learning. Emotional attitude values 1. Cultivate students' scientific research literacy and attitude. 2. Cultivate students' cooperative spirit and team spirit. [Teaching Focus] 1. Preliminary experience in exploring learning methods. 2. Training the ability to find, collect and analyze data. [Teaching Difficulties] 1. Preliminary experience in exploring learning methods. 2. Training the ability to find, collect and analyze data. 3. Overall planning of the lunar base. [Teaching aid preparation] Multimedia equipment, integrating related courseware [class arrangement] 1 class [teaching process] [projection display] China Chang 'e-1 launch segment. [Introduction] For thousands of years, the Chinese nation has circulated the beautiful myth of "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon", but today this beautiful myth has become a fact. Worldwide, the United States, Japan, Canada, India and other scientific and technological powers have recently aroused interest in the moon, planning to explore the moon in the next few years or decades, and put forward the establishment of a lunar base. [Question 1]: What is a lunar base? Question 2: What is the main purpose of establishing a base on the moon? [Student discussion] Discuss in groups and assign a student to speak. [Projection display] 1. Lunar base refers to the living and working area established by human beings on the moon. 2. The main purposes of establishing a base on the moon are as follows: to better carry out scientific activities such as astronomical observation; Establish a space power station on the moon for the use of the earth; Develop various mineral resources of the moon; It provides a foothold for human beings to explore further goals; Providing building materials and even propellants for spacecraft flying to more distant planets; In the further future, man will move to the moon. Launching a spacecraft to the moon is already very expensive, and the cost of building a lunar base will be even higher. So far, the lunar base is still in the general discussion stage. But with the passage of time and the development of science and technology, we humans have the ability to realize this dream, and the success of "the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon" is a powerful driving force for us to realize this dream. So what are the conditions for the establishment of the lunar base? And then what? Let's study according to the following ideas. [Projection display] [Research and discussion] 1: Overview of the Moon: Contact the information of "knowledge expansion" on page P27 of the textbook and discuss it with the following picture. Based on the discussion results and the conditions of life on the earth, we think: [Question 3]: What are the basic conditions on the moon to meet the needs of human survival? [Projection shows] The conditions suitable for human survival on the moon are gravity, and there may be ice and mineral resources in the polar regions. Question 4: If we live on the moon, what living conditions do we need to create? [Projection display] The conditions that the moon does not have and need to be solved by human beings are: an atmosphere suitable for human breathing, suitable temperature conditions, drinkable liquid water, and measures to defend against cosmic radiation. [Research and Discussion] 2. "Biosphere 2": Contact the information of "knowledge expansion" on page P27 of the textbook, and discuss with the following picture [Question 5]: What are the similarities and differences between "Biosphere 2" and the lunar base? [Student discussion] Discuss in two groups: men and women. Each group designates a student to speak. [Projection display] All of them are artificially built, fully enclosed, and simulate the ecological environment of the earth. But "Biosphere 2" was built on the earth, and the lunar base was built on the moon whose surface gravity is only near vacuum 1/6 of the earth. If Biosphere 2 fails, people can return to the natural environment of the earth, but once the moon base fails, people will not easily move to the earth. [Question 6]: What are the experiences and lessons of Biosphere 2 experiment? [Projection shows] (1) After all, the simulated ecosystem is not a natural ecosystem, and the components of the ecosystem are simple, with few species, and the complexity of the food chain is worse than that of the farmland ecosystem, so it needs manual adjustment rather than natural adjustment. (2) Planting green plants should not produce too much oxygen, otherwise carbon dioxide and fertility will be insufficient; Animals should not be raised too much, otherwise the oxygen consumption will increase; Scientists should keep the balance of climate, atmospheric composition, biological species and quantity, and create an environment suitable for life. (3) Changes in atmospheric composition, poor internal climate regulation, poor harvest and destruction of ecological balance led to the failure of the experiment. (4) The failure of oxygen circulation is an important reason for the failure of Biosphere 2. Because carbon in the soil reacts with oxygen to generate carbon dioxide, and part of carbon dioxide reacts with calcium in the concrete used to build Biosphere 2 to generate calcium carbonate, the oxygen content in it has dropped from 2 1% to 14%. In the later period, the plants of Biosphere 2 were almost extinct, and oxygen had to be injected to maintain human life. Question 7: What can the Biosphere II experiment give you? [Projection display] The experiment of Biosphere 2 shows that it is possible for human beings to establish an independent artificial ecosystem, which provides experience and lessons for establishing similar artificial ecosystems on the moon. However, the failure of the experiment shows that the current scientific and technological level of mankind needs to be improved. The most important revelation is that our understanding of the earth is far from enough. At present, the best way is to protect and make good use of the earth, and environmental protection and ecological restoration are the only way to realize the sustainable development of mankind. [Discussion] 3. Moon resources: Contact the information of "knowledge expansion" on page P28 of textbook 3, and discuss the information consulted by students after class [Question 8]: What resources does human beings have on the moon? What resources can be used to develop the lunar base? [Projection shows] There are space resources, mineral resources, solar energy resources and other resources available to human beings on the moon [Talk about expansion] (1) Space resources: the quiet lunar environment is a unique place for space astronomy research; The long night and extremely low night temperature provide an ideal place for building a high-precision observatory; The gravity of the moon is only 1/6 of that of the earth. Taking off from the moon can greatly save energy. (2) Mineral resources: The moon is not a barren land, but an uncultivated treasure land. The moon is rich in material resources. According to the detection, the moon rocks contain all the material elements in the earth's crust, and there are about 60 kinds of mineral deposits. 17 common elements on the earth can be found on the moon; At the same time, it is also a vibrant place. Helium -3 on the moon is an efficient fuel for nuclear fusion reaction that does not exist on earth. The energy produced by 30 tons of such dust thermonuclear reaction can be equivalent to the total energy produced in the United States in one year. Therefore, it is very important for human beings to find new energy and maintain a permanent moon base by adopting certain technologies. (3) Solar energy resources. Because there is almost no atmosphere on the surface of the moon, solar radiation can come in directly, and one day of the moon's rotation cycle is equivalent to one month of the earth's rotation, so more solar energy can be obtained. Calculations show that the solar radiation energy reaching the moon every year is equivalent to 25,000 times of the total energy consumed by various energy sources on the earth in one year. Scientists believe that if a global parallel solar power station is established on the surface of the moon, extremely abundant and stable solar energy can be obtained, which not only solves the energy supply problem of the future lunar base, but also can transmit solar energy through microwaves with the development and perfection of human space conversion device technology and ground receiving technology, thus providing the earth with endless energy. [Projection display] Space resources, mineral resources and solar energy resources on the moon can be used to develop the lunar base [Question 9]: What basic requirements must be met if a permanent space station is to be built on the moon? [Projection display] (1) Solar energy production needs enough sunlight, and the space station can get enough energy to maintain the operation of the space station. (2) It must be very close to a permanent shadow area where a large amount of ice may be stored, so as to facilitate the personnel of the space station to get water. Such a preliminary moon survival system has been established, and the foundation of the space station has also been established. (3) It can effectively and accurately forecast space weather. The staff of the space station outside the lunar space station will be attacked by high-energy particles "rain", plasma "wind" and magnetic explosion. In such a cruel cosmic meteorological environment, if they want to actively and safely engage in lunar development, they must well understand and predict the changes in the lunar environment. [Query result]: It is not easy to build a lunar base. However, the lunar environment has the characteristics of small gravity, vacuum, sterility, small magnetic field, large temperature difference, long cycle of day and night, special geological conditions and raw material resources of the earth. The lunar base is expected to become the first activity place established by human beings on an extraterrestrial planet. It is predicted that in the next 20 years, mankind will return to the moon, use space and space bases to assemble and maintain the Earth-Moon orbit transport ship, and finally build the moon base. [Imagine the Moon]: What does the lunar base look like in my mind [Projection display]: What does the lunar base look like in the eyes of some students [Student activity]: Play the role of "the person in charge of the construction of the lunar base" and talk about the construction of the lunar base he is responsible for [class summary]: Through the research and discussion on the basic situation of the moon, Biosphere 2 and lunar resources in this class, it can be said that the construction of the lunar base is conditional. However, it is not easy to establish a lunar base, but we are confident that through our human efforts, the lunar base will eventually be built, and it will become the first activity place established by human beings on an extraterrestrial planet. Students, work hard and make our due contribution to realize this dream at an early date. [Homework]: Complete the design scheme of the lunar base in your mind. [Blackboard Design] [Teaching Reflection] This lesson imagines the moon base by studying the basic situation of the moon, "Biosphere 2" and lunar resources. Judging from the teaching, students' feedback and homework correction after class, this class is successful and achieves the expected goal. ""It's a problem study class. The amount of knowledge given by books is not very rich, and some of the knowledge involved is professional, so students are not familiar with it. Therefore, students are required to use extracurricular time, network resources (or other means) to collect and organize familiar knowledge on the basis of group cooperation. Through this after-school activity, students' knowledge has been expanded, and students' ability of independent inquiry and hands-on operation has been cultivated. At the same time, teachers also spend a lot of time searching for information online, enriching their knowledge while screening knowledge. Much of the knowledge involved in this topic does not exist in reality, and most of it belongs to imaginary problems. Therefore, this course adopts the teaching method of students' own exploration and discussion, which realizes the students' dominant position. In the whole learning process, students have heated discussions, high emotions and strong interest in learning. The climax of the whole class is that a student plays the role of "the person in charge of the construction of the lunar base" and tells about the construction of the lunar base he is responsible for. The sophistication of the speech and the knowledge in place have brought surprises to every student and teacher sitting here. What gives me the greatest feeling is that students have learned to learn "content" and learning methods and ways of thinking, and experienced the joy brought by successful cooperation. At the same time, there are some problems in the teaching of this course. Because a lot of knowledge of this course comes from outside the textbook, some knowledge itself is very new, and we have not touched it, which has certain discussion value. Therefore, when discussing some problems, new problems appear, and these problems are often controversial. They are limited to the 45-minute class time and cannot be immediately concluded. Teachers and students need to discuss them further after class. Some students also suggested that this kind of class would waste students' spare time, but the active classroom atmosphere brought them a strong interest in learning, so they felt very contradictory. Judging from the completion of students' homework, students' creative spirit and innovative consciousness make me shine: the design scheme of the base is meticulous and bold, which is closely related to the knowledge learned. Through classroom teaching, I feel: because there are more contents, the space for students to play is still limited, so there is a feeling of wanting more. The biggest confusion is how our teachers can do more research and set up this kind of classroom teaching in a limited time, so as to truly realize the concept advocated by the new curriculum. Author's Honor: Excellent educator in Suzhou, first prize in Xiangcheng District geography evaluation.