Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - Why are there many diseases in autumn and winter?

Why are there many diseases in autumn and winter?

Autumn and winter are the seasons with frequent diseases, so why are there so many diseases in autumn and winter? I'll share with you the reasons for the illness in autumn and winter, and enjoy it.

Causes of various diseases in autumn and winter

Due to the decrease of air temperature and the increase of air pressure, parasympathetic nerve dysfunction can be caused, which can cause contraction and contraction reflex of capillaries in feedback and increase capillary resistance. This is extremely unfavorable for circulatory diseases such as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and hypertension. Cold climate can change the physical and chemical properties of blood, such as accelerating erythrocyte sedimentation rate, shortening coagulation time and increasing blood viscosity. These are the main inducing factors of arterial thrombosis, and the mortality rate of patients with myocardial infarction and coronary atherosclerosis is higher in winter.

Common diseases in autumn and winter

I. Respiratory infectious diseases

Due to the dry weather, pathogenic microorganisms in the respiratory tract are extremely active. Secondly, the number of patients with fever and respiratory symptoms has increased, and respiratory diseases are highly contagious, and their incidence ranks first among infectious diseases.

Common respiratory infectious diseases include influenza, measles, chickenpox, rubella, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, pneumonia and tuberculosis. It is characterized by fever, fatigue, headache, cough, runny nose and other upper respiratory symptoms. It is mainly spread by droplets and dust in the air. When patients talk, cough or sneeze, a large number of mucus droplets containing pathogens can be ejected from the nasopharynx, suspended in the air, which can be inhaled by susceptible people, causing infection and widespread epidemic.

Second, intestinal infectious diseases

Some bacteria causing intestinal infectious diseases have strong vitality, such as Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi can survive below 0℃ 1 month, and hepatitis A virus can survive at -20℃. Coupled with the long storage time of food in autumn and winter, such as cooked vegetables, lettuce and leftovers, tableware disinfection is not strict when people come and go, leaving hidden dangers for the spread of intestinal infectious diseases in autumn and winter.

Common respiratory infectious diseases are: bacillary dysentery, enteritis, food poisoning, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, cholera and so on. It is characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting with fever, headache and other systemic symptoms. Mainly through feces? Oral transmission, that is, bacteria are excreted with feces and vomit, and contaminated water, food (vegetables, melons, aquatic products, dairy products) or other daily necessities are spread through oral intake. Bad living habits are an important factor of infection and transmission. Patients or carriers of intestinal infectious diseases are the source of infection.

Third, facial diseases.

In autumn and winter, the climate is cold, the air humidity is low, windy and snowy. Because the five senses are exposed, the chances of direct contact with this bad weather are the most, so it is easy to suffer from many diseases, so we should pay attention to strengthening prevention.

1, angular stomatitis: After late autumn, the air is dry, cold and windy, and the lips feel uncomfortable because of dryness. At this time, some people often lick with their tongues consciously or unconsciously, and saliva will evaporate as soon as it comes into contact with dry air. The result is that the more you lick it, the more dry it is, which directly leads to chapped lips and mouth skin. Therefore, symptoms such as flushing, desquamation, chapped, bleeding, pain and erosion appear at the junction of oral cavity and mucosa, which is called angular stomatitis. At this time, if bacteria in the mouth take the opportunity to enter the mouth, it will cause oral inflammation. Therefore, when the mouth and lips are not dry in winter, don't lick them with your tongue. Wipe them with oily skin care products, but glycerin is not suitable.

2. Glaucoma: Glaucoma is a common blinding eye disease, characterized by elevated intraocular pressure, poor blood perfusion of optic papilla and visual dysfunction. The disease is divided into congenital, primary and secondary. Except congenital diseases, the latter two diseases have the highest incidence in winter, especially within 24 hours after strong cold air passes through the border. This is because the temperature drop is too large, which makes the autonomic nerve regulation function disorder, interferes with blood pressure and causes intraocular pressure fluctuation.

3, snow blindness: also known as snow-induced ophthalmia, this disease is mainly caused by the strong ultraviolet rays in the sun reflected on the human cornea through a large area of snow, causing corneal damage. Studies have shown that 300 micron UVB rays from the sun shine on the snow, and the reflected sunlight shines on the eyes, which may lead to snow blindness, including photophobia, tears, swollen eyes, itching and foreign body sensation. Therefore, if you go to the wild in snowy days, you must wear sunglasses to prevent the strong light reflected from the snow from irritating your eyes.

4, nosebleeds: also known as nosebleeds. The bleeding is mainly on one side. It is mainly because the small blood vessels of nasal mucosa (especially the anterior lower part of nasal septum) often expand and rupture, and almost half of nosebleeds come from this. In winter and spring, due to the dry climate, nasal mucosa is easy to scab, which will cause nasal discomfort. Some people often pick their nostrils with their fingers intentionally or unintentionally, which will lead to scabbing and bleeding. In addition, winter is also a period of high incidence of rhinitis and influenza, and it is also easy to induce nosebleeds due to allergic rhinitis caused by allergies or fever caused by influenza. If you can wash your nose with cold water several times a day, you can not only enhance the wettability of nasal mucosa, but also enhance the disease resistance of nasal mucosa, and also prevent flu and avoid nosebleeds. In addition, the diet should be light, eat more vegetables and fruits, and eat less spicy and irritating things, so as not to help the heat get angry and induce nosebleeds.

Knowledge of disease prevention in autumn and winter

(1) influenza

This is a common acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which is highly contagious. The main clinical manifestations are sudden high fever, headache, general aches, fatigue, respiratory inflammation, cough and sore throat. Infants and the elderly are prone to lung infections.

Precautions: drink plenty of water, rest more, wash your nose when you come back from outside, pay attention to ventilation and exercise more.

(2) Herpes angina

Herpes angina is a disease caused by enterovirus.

Main symptoms: the incubation period is 3 ~ 10 days. Most of them start with sudden high fever, which can reach the peak in 24 ~ 48 hours, rising to 39 ~ 4 1℃, accompanied by headache, throat discomfort, myalgia and so on. Babies often vomit, refuse to eat, and even have febrile convulsions; Older children and adults often have severe sore throat, dysphagia, myalgia of limbs, anorexia and fatigue. 1 ~ 5 days later, the ulcer healed, and the fever generally subsided within 3 days. The prognosis of this disease is good.

Preventive measures:

1, often open the window for ventilation; Rinse your mouth and brush your teeth in the morning, after meals and before going to bed.

2. Pay attention to the combination of work and rest. Prevent colds, such as being unwell to bed rest.

3. Take care of your diet. The diet should be light and easy to digest, supplemented by some fresh, tender and juicy food intake.

4, haze weather, etc. Wear masks, masks, etc. And take protective measures.

5, keep the stomach unobstructed. Usually drink more salty boiled water, eat digestible food, and keep your stomach unobstructed.

6. Seek medical attention in time. Once found, seek medical attention as soon as possible, and never "delay".

(3) Hand, foot and mouth

Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in children caused by various enteroviruses.

Main symptoms: fever symptoms first, maculopapules and herpes on palms and soles (redness around rash), herpes and/or ulcers on oral mucosa, and obvious pain. Some patients may be accompanied by cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache and other symptoms.

Preventive measures:

1, wash your hands frequently and pay attention to hygiene.

2. Ventilation. Avoid going to public places with crowded people and poor air circulation during the epidemic.