Biological characteristics and cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus in Linchuan

Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus ostreatus and Polyporus Nanyang belong to Basidiomycetes, Laminaria, Agaricus and Pleurotus ostreatus, which are rare edible and medicinal fungi with both seeds and sclerotia.

Nutritional value: Pleurotus ostreatus sclerotium contains glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, maltose, oleic acid, stearic acid and so on. It can provide rich active substances such as protein (containing more than 16%), polysaccharides and free amino acids, and elements such as potassium, calcium and magnesium.

Medicinal value: According to Compendium of Materia Medica, the fruiting body and sclerotia of Pleurotus ostreatus have the efficacy of treating stomach diseases, asthma, hypertension and other diseases; The latest research shows that it contains tiger milk polysaccharide, which can enhance human immunity and inhibit the growth of various tumors.

Medical function: It can treat stomachache, constipation, fever, common cold, edema, chest pain, nervous system diseases and so on. And can promote fetal development and improve the survival rate of premature infants. It is also reported that the sclerotium of Pleurotus ostreatus can be used as medicine, and it can be used externally to treat women's mastitis, so it is a promising food and medicine resource.

In the 1990s, Jiang Jiang, a member of Fuzhou Jinshan Edible Fungi Professional Cooperative, collected Pleurotus ostreatus in Linchuan, Fuzhou. A new variety of edible fungi (Linchuan Pleurotus ostreatus-1) has been domesticated and cultivated for more than five years. In February 2005, President Fang Jinshan made artificial Pleurotus ostreatus go to large-scale field production. After more than two years' efforts, we led the members to cultivate large-scale greenhouse Pleurotus ostreatus technology with cottonseed hulls, sawdust and other raw materials. The biological characteristics and cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus are as follows.

One: Biological characteristics

Pleurotus ostreatus is an umbrella fungus in tropical and subtropical regions, and it is a basidiomycete that can produce sclerotia. In classification, Poria cocos is completely different from Poria cocos. Poria cocos belongs to Polyporaceae, mainly infecting coniferous species, while Pleurotus ostreatus belongs to Pleurotus ostreatus, mainly infecting various broad-leaved species. After Pleurotus ostreatus infects wood or stumps, it causes white decay of wood and forms sclerotia with a diameter of about 1 O-30 cm underground. If the sclerotia is placed in a warm and humid place, it will bear fruit bodies one after another. The length of fruiting body depends on the size of sclerotia. It takes about 7 days from the appearance of primordia to the maturity of entities. If the weather is cold, it takes a long time for sclerotia to produce fruiting bodies.

According to the investigation of Jinshan Edible Fungi Professional Cooperative in Linchuan, Fuzhou, the lowest growth temperature of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium is about 65438 0.5℃, the suitable growth temperature is 3 5℃, and the highest growth temperature is 40℃. The mycelium does not grow below 65438 0o℃, but grows slightly at l 5℃. The mycelium grows well at 30℃, and the mycelium grows best at 3 5℃, but cannot grow above 40℃.

Pleurotus ostreatus is a typical wood rot fungus, which can use the wood of various broad-leaved trees (such as eucalyptus, maple and alder), the straw of various crops and other carbohydrates. The mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus grows best on the medium containing fructose, followed by mannose, glucose and xylose. Only cellobiose and maltose can be used in oligosaccharides. But cellobiose is better than maltose, and dextrin and starch can be used in polysaccharide. But it grows faster and better in the medium containing fuzzy essence than in the medium containing starch. The mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus cannot use sorbose, galactose and rhamnose. Cultivation of arabinose

The mycelium growth of Pleurotus ostreatus is weak. In the medium containing three sugar alcohols, mannitol has the best effect, followed by sorbitol, but arabitol cannot be used.

Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium grows vigorously on wood or sawdust culture medium with water content of 60%-70%.

The fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus needs bright light, and sclerotia can be formed in dark and bright places.

The optimum pH value of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium growth is 6.5.

cultivation techniques

Although the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus is edible. But the texture is tough, but the taste is not fresh, and the main use part is its sclerotia. Therefore, Pleurotus ostreatus is mainly cultivated in bags or in wooden pits.

2. 1 cultivation materials

2. 1. 1 Main cultivation materials Any plant material containing lignin and cellulose can be used. Such as sawdust, sawdust, bagasse, cottonseed hull, etc. In foreign countries, cassava stalks and oil palm (fruit) residues are also used. Coconut shell fiber, cocoa residue and taro residue are cultivated.

2. 1.2 Auxiliary cultivation materials bran and rice bran are suitable and cheap nitrogen sources for Pleurotus ostreatus. In addition, there are sugar and calcium carbonate.

2.2 Cultivation season Pleurotus ostreatus can be cultivated all year round. The high temperature season in summer and autumn is most suitable for mycelium growth and sclerotium formation. Cultivation in this season can not only reduce energy consumption and cost, but also shorten the cultivation period. In the north or low temperature season, it can also be cultivated as long as it is properly heated.

2.3 Any clean, dry and ventilated room, vacant room with a certain volume and warehouse (where cultivation bags can be put) can be used as the cultivation place of Pleurotus ostreatus.

2.4 Cultivation method The cultivation method of Pleurotus ostreatus is similar to that of Flammulina velutipes and Pleurotus ostreatus, except that it is not necessary to open the bag in the later stage.

2.4. 1 cultivation bag is made of main and auxiliary raw materials with water according to the following formula: sawdust 78%, bran 20%, white sugar 1%, calcium carbonate 1% or sawdust 39%, cottonseed hull 39%, bran 20%, white sugar 1%. Then, the original seed of Pleurotus ostreatus is inoculated bag by bag in a sterile box or a sterile room (each bag is connected with a spoonful of "sawdust seed" or "wheat seed").

2.4.2 Culture management After inoculation, all culture bags are placed on the shelves in the culture room. Indoor temperature should be controlled between 25-35℃, indoor temperature should be lower than 65438 0.5℃, and properly heated. Above 3 5℃, it can ventilate and dissipate heat.

After inoculation, the bags should be checked one by one. If the cultivation bag is contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria (Trichoderma, Alternaria rubra, etc.). ) is found, should be immediately picked up and destroyed.

After 1 month, the hyphae were full, and bulbils and sclerotia nodules began to appear, and then the sclerotia gradually increased. When the sclerotia reaches a certain volume and the plastic bag may burst, it is necessary to pull out the cotton plug, move (lift) the plastic collar upward, and then plug it back, so that the sclerotia has room to continue to grow. After standing for more than 150 days, sclerotia no longer grows. When the sawdust culture medium turns white, soft and light, sclerotia can be harvested.

2.4.3 Each bag can harvest 1.20-240g of fresh sclerotia (depending on the amount of culture materials, the biotransformation rate is about 3 o%-40%).

2.5-stage wood cellar cultivation

2.5. 1 Wood Prepare to saw the trunk or thick branches of broad-leaved trees such as Pseudo-alder, Maple, Birch and Poplar into 3 O-45 cm segments. A piece of wood with a diameter of more than 1.5 cm can be split with an axe and then dried or air-dried for later use.

2.5.2 Shallow pits (pit depth 1.5-20cm) should be dug in sunny gentle slopes or well-drained orchards. Pit is too deep, easy to accumulate water, affecting ventilation, loam or sandy loam is suitable for forming sclerotia.

2.5.3 Inoculation method: Put three pieces of wood into a pin-shaped shallow pit, put half a bag of sawdust strains of about 500g in the wood blocks, and then cover them with soil. Similarly, pick up the prepared wood. ,

2.5.4 Cultivation management should timely cultivate the soil to prevent the wood from being exposed. When it is particularly dry, it is necessary to spray or irrigate with mountain spring water to keep the soil in the cultivation area moist and regularly pull out weeds in the cultivation area. After more than 5 months, you can check whether sclerotia has formed around the wood in each pit.