History: Black Water in Ancient Montenegro

Black Water City, the name of Xixia City, is now northeast of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia. One of the commanders of Xixia 12 Army, Fuweifu, Montenegro. Originally named after Ejina River, Ejina was originally the Tangut language of Xixia, meaning "black water". This river comes from the snowy water of Qilian Mountain. Every year, part of the melted snow water on Qilian Mountain will merge into a river, which flows northward to Ejina grassland in Alashan League, Inner Mongolia, and finally flows into Juyan Sea at the northernmost end. This river formed by snow water is the Ejina River called "black water" by the ancients. Black Water City, located at the edge of Badain Jaran Desert in the lower reaches of Ejina River, is named after a black water river next to it. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was also called "Yijinaicheng" and "Halahaot", which still means "Black Capital".

At the beginning of the 20th century, Russian soldier kozlov and Englishman Stan discovered a large number of Xixia documents in Heishui City and shipped them abroad. This discovery is recognized as the third largest archaeological document discovery in China, after Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Yin Ruins and Dunhuang in the end of 19 and the beginning of 20th century.

Legend has it that the Black Water City used to be the capital of Xixia, and the last monarch was called General Black. He was invincible, and when he competed with the Han nationality for the Central Plains, he got off to a bad start and retreated to the lonely city. The army of the Central Plains was unable to attack for a long time. When it saw the Ejina River outside the city passing through it, it blocked it with sandbags and cut off the water source in the city. The city guards dug wells in the city, which were extremely deep and did not drop water. General Blake was forced to fight with all his might. Before the war, he dumped more than 80 cars with platinum and other treasures in the well and personally killed his wife and children to avoid falling into enemy hands. Then lead the foot soldiers to fight, and finally die because they are outnumbered and defeated.

After the central plains army captured the black water city, it searched extensively and failed to see the treasure. There is another saying about this history: General Black did not die after the defeat, but retreated to the southeast. Not far from Bayinhaote, Alashan Zuo Qi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, he left his armor and shirt. This legend is far from the historical facts, but the legend of hidden treasure has attracted many people. Russian kozlov is a person fascinated by the mysterious black water city.

Black Water City was founded in the early 20th century 165438+. It is an important military castle in the northern border of Xixia Dynasty, and also the location of Montenegro Fu Wei Military Company, one of Xixia 12 Military Divisions, so it is also called "Fuwei Military City". This castle was built long before the Xixia Dynasty was formally established. Although the city is small in scale, its strategic position is extremely important because it is the only road and transportation hub leading to Mobei in Hexi Corridor.

Before the founding of Xixia, there were a large number of residents in Heishui Town, where they cultivated, hunted and thrived. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to strengthen the management of this area and prevent the invasion of Liao and Mobei Mongolia in the East, Xixia mobilized two troops to station in Heishui City and the whole Juyan area. And a large number of people will be moved to the Heishuicheng area to settle down, so that they can cultivate land and produce food there to meet the living needs of a large number of soldiers and civilians.

In the heyday of Xixia, Black Water City was no longer a simple military castle, but gradually became a prosperous city with developed economy and culture. At that time, the Black Water City was full of yamen, houses, shops, post stations, Buddhist monasteries and various workshops for printing Buddhist scriptures and making tools, and it was a prosperous scene. This situation lasted for nearly 200 years.

In A.D. 1226, Genghis Khan, the northern "Mongolian khanate", led an army to conquer Xixia. First conquer the black water city, and then go south to take Zhongxing House, the capital of Xixia. The following year, Xixia perished. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the Black Water City was still in use. It was also valued by the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty. This area was then under the jurisdiction of Gansu Province and was called "Yijinai Road". The Yuan Dynasty established the General Administration Office of Yijinai Road here, which governs this area and Xining and Shandan.

As the Black Water City is an important transportation hub leading to the inland of Mobei, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty not only sent a large number of troops to the Black Water City, but also moved many Han and Mongolian people from all over the country to develop agriculture and animal husbandry production with the local people. At that time, people of all ethnic groups used the water resources of Ejina River to open canals for farming. After decades of struggle, they have reclaimed nearly ten thousand mu of farmland.

During the Yuan Dynasty, due to economic development and population increase, the original black water city could not meet the needs. So on the basis of the original city, the city was expanded and transformed. The expanded Black Water City is 450 meters wide from east to west and 380 meters long from north to south, which is three times that of the original urban area. The expanded city not only increases the urban area, but also strengthens the city's defense ability. At that time, the wall of Heishui City was as high as 10 meter, there were seven boarding roads in the city, two gates about 6 meters wide in the east and west, and an urn was built outside the gate. On the outside of the four walls, defensive buildings such as horse face and corner platform were also built.

At that time, there were markets, yamen, post stations, universities, temples and other areas, as well as residential areas for people, officials and ranks; There are neat streets composed of east and west streets and north and south streets, which lead directly to the city gate. There are all kinds of shops on both sides of the street, including restaurants, hotels, inns, money houses, grocery stores, clothing and silk shops, harness workshops and so on. There are also horse market, firewood market and mutual market places for agricultural and livestock products trading. Black Water City is not only very prosperous in the city, but also has residential areas and bustling markets outside the city. At that time, there were about seven or eight thousand people living in Heishui City.

Among the numerous buildings in Black Water City, religious architecture is a major feature of this ancient city. Black Water City used to be a multi-ethnic city. Many religious temples have been built in history. There are different buildings such as Buddhism, Taoism and Islam. Among them, Buddhism has the largest number of buildings and occupies the largest area. On the wall in the northwest corner, there are still five pagodas similar to Aquarius. The highest is 13 meter. This stupa is made of adobe. Although it has been attacked by sandstorms for hundreds of years, it still stands in the clouds today and becomes a unique symbol of the charm of Black Water City.

During the Yuan Dynasty, Heishui City was not only a prosperous city with a large population and developed economy, but also a transportation hub and a military, political and cultural center of the western regions in the Yuan Dynasty.

/kloc-great changes have taken place here in the middle of the 0/4th century. The former oasis was swallowed up by the desert and turned into a desert. The once prosperous black water city has also become a ghost town. Now their tracks are faintly discernible. Bricks and stones, tiles, ceramic fragments, ironware, sculptures, clay buddhas, weathered bones, gravel mills, stones and other relics of the year. In the northwest corner of the ruins of the ancient city, there is a Tibetan Tufo Pagoda with a height of 12, which is simple, harmonious and serene, and is a landmark building of the Black City.

The city is desolate everywhere. Under the flowing sand are the crumbling walls of official residences, temples and houses, and all kinds of porcelain and fragments are scattered everywhere. Black glaze carving, white glaze and brown color, as well as Jun porcelain and Longquan porcelain in the south. There are also several mutilated Lama pagodas outside the city, which are as awe-inspiring as those guarding the city. In the northwest corner of the ruins of the ancient city, there is a Tibetan Tufo Pagoda with a height of 12, which is simple, harmonious and serene, and is a landmark building of the Black City.

It may take more time to bury a city in the sandstorm, but there is a local story: during the Sui Dynasty, the weather was very strange one day. Busy people have no time to delve into it, although they whisper in their hearts. A white-haired old man shuttled back and forth in the dreary city, shouting, "Jujube pears! Jujube pear! " Although the old man is very eager to sell, no one cares because of his high asking price. The old man went out of town after dark.

Han Shilong, the general of Sui Dynasty who was stationed in this city at that time, felt very strange when he heard about it. After thinking it over, he suddenly realized: "Isn't jujube pear just leaving early?" So he decisively led the whole city's soldiers and civilians to leave Blackwater. Sure enough, shortly after people left, the wind blew hard, sandstorms fell from the sky, and the whole city was quickly buried by sand ... This legend is also recorded in historical books, saying that Han Shilong was "buried by sand the next night after he left".

It is not only a city buried by sand, but also countless precious cultural relics buried in the sand sea with Heishui country. I believe that one day, the investigation of the site of Heishui Kingdom will always uncover the reasons for the mysterious disappearance of this ancient city. ...