The founding emperor of the Shang Dynasty: Tang Zilu of Shang Dynasty, who destroyed Xia and established Shang Dynasty, and applied benevolent policies to moralize the world.

Character’s life and family background

The Shang clan arose in Shangqiu on the lower reaches of the ancient Yellow River route. The history of the Shang tribe can be traced back to the period of matrilineal clan communes. The ancestor of this tribe was called Qi. Legend has it that Qi's mother, Jian Di, was taking a bath when she suddenly discovered that a swallow had laid an egg. After eating it, she became pregnant and gave birth to Qi. Therefore, there is a legend in ancient times that "the black bird of destiny descends and gives birth to Shang".

Since Kong Jia succeeded to the throne as the king of Xia, the Xia Dynasty "took good care of ghosts and gods, and was responsible for everything" ("Historical Records of Xia Benji"). He ignored the government affairs, believed in ghosts and gods, and specialized in hunting and fun. The people were resentful and the princes rebelled. Due to the weakening of national power, it was unable to control the development of the power of various vassal states.

Among the vassal states of the Xia Dynasty, the Shang State gradually developed and grew in power after Shangjia was destroyed by Youyi. The development of agriculture and animal husbandry and the increase of social wealth prompted the merchant family to transition from the clan system to slavery. In order to develop its power outwards and plunder more slaves and property, by the time of Zhugui, the Shang State was already a large vassal state with the power of a king. Ruled the Shang Kingdom

After the death of Lord Gui, his son Tang succeeded him as Marquis of Shang and still established Shangqiu as his capital. Starting from the Ancestor Deed, the Shang Kingdom had moved its capital eight times by the time of Tang Dynasty. When Shang Tang succeeded Gui as a vassal, the ruler of the Xia Dynasty was Jie. He was arrogant and lewd, doted on his courtiers, was cruel and immoral, and brutally squeezed and enslaved the people and the tribes he belonged to, which aroused widespread hatred and opposition. The Xia Dynasty's rule was in turmoil, and the country's power gradually declined. In order to prepare for the destruction of Xia, Shang Tang moved the capital of Shang State from Shangqiu (now southwest of Suiyang District, Shangqiu, Henan) to Bo (now southwest of Gushu Town, Yucheng County, Shangqiu, Henan) in the fifteenth year of Xia Jie.

Tang built a new capital here in Bo, stored grain and grass, recruited men and horses, and trained troops to create favorable conditions for the war to extinguish Xia. Originally, the Shang Kingdom had been granted the power of "dedicated conquest" by the Xia Dynasty ("Historical Records: Yin Benji", "Jijie"), and he had the right to send troops to conquer whoever he wanted to conquer without the approval of the Xia King. But the people Tang was preparing to conquer were not ordinary princes, but the Xia Dynasty that ruled the country. At the time of Shang Tang, the territory of Shang State was only seventy miles away. In order to weaken the power of the Xia Dynasty, remove the obstacles to destroying Xia, and win more princes to oppose Xia, he first started with Shang State's neighboring country Ge State, which was the Xia State. Jie's eyes and ears, close to the west of Shang State, were the first obstacle to Shang Tang's attack on Xia in the west. Shang Tang was the first to destroy Ge State.

Undercover Pour

After the intermarriage between Shang Tang and the Youxin family, he used the virtuous ministers Yi Yin and Zhong Hui as his left and right ministers, and used Bo (southwest of Gushu Town, Shangqiu City, Henan Province today) as his advance base. , actively govern the country and prepare to destroy Xia.

Shang Tang first adopted the policy of winning over the people and the country politically, launched a political offensive to expose the crimes of Xia Jie's tyranny, and laid the political foundation for the victory of the war. In terms of military strategy, he planned cleverly with the powerful assistance of his wise ministers Yi Yin and Zhong Hui.

Yi Yin suggested to Tang that he should personally go to Zhen, the capital of the Xia Dynasty (now Yanshi, Luoyang, Henan) to live for a period of time to observe the situation of the Xia Dynasty. Tang prepared special products and tributes, and sent Yi Yin as an envoy to pay tribute to the capital of the Xia king. Yi Yin came to the capital of Xia King with his entourage, driving a carriage, carrying supplies and tributes. Yi Yin poured wine in the capital of Xia and gained the favor of Princess Meixi of Xia. One day three years later, Mei Xi told Yi Yin that Jie had a dream, in which he dreamed of two suns rising together in the sky, fighting each other, one day winning, the other day losing. Yi Yin believed that the time had come to destroy Xia, so he quickly returned to Bo, the capital of the Shang Kingdom (now southwest of Gushu Town, Shangqiu, Henan), and told Shang Tang.

Yi Yin offered advice to Tang: "Xia has gone through more than four hundred years since the founding of Yu. King Xia is the king of China respected by the world. Although Jie is tyrannical and unjust, and the people have resentment, he is still popular among the princes. They still have prestige, so they cannot attack Jie quickly and can only wait for the opportunity before taking action." So after Yi Yin and Zhong Hui discussed it, they proposed a strategy to Tang, which was not to rush to attack Jie, but to accumulate more strength and continue to weaken the support. The forces of the Xia Dynasty were waiting for their opportunity. Tang accepted Yi Yin's proposal and made active preparations. The troops were captured

During a severe drought that had never happened in a century, the Shang Kingdom was devastated for hundreds of miles, but Shang Tang decided to send troops. Xia Jie held an alliance meeting, but Minguo did not arrive and openly rebelled. Xia Jie decided to destroy Youmin first and then Shang. The war with Youmin caused Xia Jie to lose all his elite troops.

Since Xia Jie destroyed the Youmin clan, the conflicts within the ruling class have intensified. Among the princes and Fang states of the Xia Dynasty, although there were many rebels, there were also many who supported the Xia Dynasty, and there were also many who were loyal to Xia Jie. In the eastern region, there were three vassal states loyal to Xia Jie: one was Wei with the surname Peng (today's east of Huaxian County, Henan Province), one was Gu with the surname of Ji (now northeast of Juancheng, Shandong), and the other was Kunwu with the same surname of Ji (today's east of Huaxian County, Henan Province). within Henan). The power of these three Xia vassal states is not small, and their areas are close to Shang. After Tang destroyed Ge, he also conquered some princes and states that did not submit to the Shang Dynasty. It is said that "Eleven conquests made the world invincible". But these three Fang states insisted on treating Shang as their enemy. They monitored Shang Tang's activities and often reported to Xia Jie.

Tang, Yi Yin, and Zhong Hui were determined to get rid of these three Xia Jie's wings. In the 22nd year of Xia Jie's reign, when he was preparing to march against Wei, Xia Jie learned that Tang was still continuing to conquer the princes and expand the power of Shang, so he sent envoys to the Shang Kingdom to summon Tang to the court. Tang did not refuse and came with his entourage. To the Xia capital. When Xia Jie learned that Tang had arrived, he ordered Tang to be imprisoned in Xiatai.

Xia Jie released Tang

In the twenty-third year of Xia Jie's reign, Yi Yin and Zhong Hui learned that Xia Jie had imprisoned Tang, so they collected many treasures, toys and beauties and presented them to Xia Jie, asking for Tang's release. Xia Jie was a greedy and lustful person. He was very happy when he saw the many treasures, toys and beauties sent by Shang, so he ordered Tang to be released back to Shang. Xia Jie's imprisonment of Tang caused greater panic among the princes and Fang states, and they all defected to Shang, willing to help Tang destroy Xia. On the same day, five hundred princes went to Tang to take up posts. After Tang returned to Shang, the painful experience of being imprisoned made Shang Tang more determined to destroy Xia. Commanding troops to march west

Main article: Shang Tang's battle to destroy Wei Gu

When Shang Tang saw that more and more people were rebelling against Xia and returning to Shang, he and his important ministers Yi Yin and Zhong Hui Discuss the conquest of Wei and Gu. After some planning and preparation, Shang Tang and Yi Yin led the combined armies of various countries that supported Shang and launched an attack on Xia's Fang state, Wei state. Shang Tang led his army to suppress the territory, but Wei Guo had no time to even ask for help, and was soon destroyed by the Shang army. The Wei State was destroyed and the Gu State was weak. Tang then sent his troops eastward and took advantage of the victory to destroy the Gu State. The land, property, and people of Wei and Gu were all owned by Shang. Shang destroyed Kunwu

Main article: The battle of Shang and Tang to destroy Kunwu

Xia Jie ordered the army to stop conquering Shang, but a year later, Xia Bo of Kunwu relied on him Yes, he led his army to attack Shang. Yi Yin saw that Kunwu was loyal to Xia Jie and was determined to be an enemy of Shang, so he asked Tang to lead his army to fight against Kunwu. In one battle, they defeated Kunwu's army. In another battle, they killed Xia Bo and destroyed Kunwu. They took over Kunwu's land, brought in the people, and started trading. Tang also adopted Yi Yin's suggestion and stopped paying tribute to Xia Dynasty to test Xia Jie's strength. The news reached the capital of Xia, and Jie summoned the troops of the Nine Yi tribe to attack Shang. Shang Tang saw that Jie could mobilize the troops of the Nine Yi tribe, and knew that Xia's power was still very strong. Shang Tang knew that the time was not coming, so he immediately apologized to Jie, expressed his surrender with humble words and generous gifts, and resumed paying tribute. This removed Jie's grudge and bought him time to wait for the opportunity. A year later, due to Jie's capriciousness, Kunwu once again assisted Jie in his abuses and became an enemy of Shang. The leaders of Jiuyi also realized that Xia Jie would not last long and refused to listen to his orders. The Jiuyi people could not stand Jie's brutal rule and rebelled one after another, greatly weakening Jie's power. Raising troops to conquer Xia

Main article: Battle of Mingtiao

Xia Jie's wise minister Guan Longfeng came to remonstrate with him many times. Jie was very angry and had Guan Longfeng executed. Taishi ordered Zhonggu to send the divination omen to Jie in tears, but Jie dismissed it. Zhongu fled to the Shang Kingdom. Shang Tang was overjoyed and informed the princes about the matter. Shang Tang chose this favorable opportunity and began to make preparations to destroy Xia.

In 1666 BC, Shang Tang swore an oath in Jingbo (now north of Shangqiu, Henan) to declare Xia Jie's crimes, and Shang Tang officially launched an army to conquer Xia. Tang, Zhong Hui and Yi Yin led an army of 70 chariots and 5,000 infantry to march westward against Xia Jie. Xia Jie mobilized the Xia Dynasty's army and marched out of the royal capital. The Xia and Shang armies met in the field of Mingtiao and launched a great battle.

Before the battle began, in order to boost morale, Tang summoned the Shang army participating in the battle, the princes and Fang troops who came to help Shang conquer Xia, and read out an oath to conquer Xia, which was called " Soup oath". After the Shang army was mobilized by Tang, their morale was greatly boosted, and they all expressed their willingness to fight to the death with the Xia army. On the day when the two armies fought, there was a heavy thunderstorm. The Shang army did not avoid the thunderstorm and fought bravely. The Xia army continued to retreat. Seeing that the defeat was out of control, Xia Jie led five hundred remaining soldiers to flee eastward to San (now north of Dingtao, Shandong). The third one was a Fang state in the Xia Dynasty. When the third uncle saw that Xia Jie was defeated and fled, he immediately deployed his troops to protect Xia Jie and threatened to fight Tang to the death. When Tang and Yi Yin saw that Xia Jie had defected to the Third Army, they immediately moved eastward. The Shang army and the San* army fought in (Cheng'er) (now north of Wenshang, Shandong). As a result, the Shang army defeated the San* army and killed Sanbo. Tang exiled Xia Jie to Tingshan in Nanchao. After the establishment of the Shang Dynasty, In the third year, Xia Jie died of illness in Tingshan.

In order to completely eliminate the remaining forces of the Xia Dynasty, Tang and Yi Yin led their troops to the west. Because some of the more powerful and loyal Fang states such as Wei, Gu, Kunwu and San* were all destroyed by Shang Tang, the Shang army encountered no major resistance on its way westward and quickly occupied the Xia capital. Pour (seeking ears). All the noble ministers of the Xia Dynasty expressed their willingness to submit to Tang. After Tang and Yi Yin appeased the subjects of the Xia Dynasty, they held a ceremony to sacrifice to heaven in Zhen (Xun'er) to show the subjects of the Xia Dynasty that they were punishing the guilty Jie according to the will of heaven. The "Lishu" (the number of successive emperors' lives) has come to an end. This officially declared the demise of the Xia Dynasty. Tang first conquered Wei and Gu, and then destroyed Kunwu and Xia Jie.

Tang and Yi Yin led their troops back to Bo (today's southwest of Gushu Town, Shangqiu, Henan) after the king of Xia offered sacrifices to heaven and earth. At this time, Shang's prestige had spread all over the world, and princes, magistrates, and chiefs of clans and tribes from all over the country came to pay tribute with gifts and tributes, expressing their submission to Tang. Within a few months, "three thousand princes" gathered in Bo ("Yi Zhou Shu·Yin Zhu"). Established the Shang Dynasty

Main article: Shang Tang destroyed Xia

After twenty years of conquests, Tang destroyed the Xia Dynasty and unified the Central Plains that had been in chaos since the end of the Xia Dynasty. Controlling the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, its power far exceeded that of the Xia Dynasty. After Tang destroyed Xia, it laid the foundation of the Shang Dynasty's territory. Because Shang Tang destroyed Xia by force and broke the theory that the king would be eternal, all dynasties in China have changed like this since then, so it is called the "Shang Tang Revolution" in history.

Tang treated all the princes who came to congratulate him with courtesy. Tang himself only occupied the position of a prince, showing his humility. "So all the princes surrendered, and Tang Naijian became the emperor" ("Historical Records·Yin Benji"). That is to say, with the support of "three thousand princes", Tang became the emperor and offered sacrifices to heaven, announcing the establishment of the Shang Dynasty.

After Tang established the Shang Dynasty, he relaxed internal expropriation, encouraged production, and appeased the people, thus expanding his ruling area. Even the Di and Qiang tribes living in the upper reaches of the Yellow River came to pay tribute and submit. . Died at the age of 100

From the 19th to the 24th year of Tang Dynasty, there was a severe drought for five consecutive years and the food harvest was impossible. Tang personally prayed in the mulberry forest in the east of the capital Bo (now Shangqiu). Not long after, heavy rains and even . In the twenty-fifth year of Tang Dynasty, Shang Tang ordered Yi Yin to compose "Da C Music". On the first hunting tour, the order was given. In the 27th year of Tang Dynasty, Shang Tang moved Jiuding to Shangyi (now Shangqiu, Henan). In the twenty-ninth year of Tang Dynasty, Shang Tang died at the age of 100. Attacking the State of Ge as a political move

Main article: The battle of Shangtang to destroy the State of Ge

The State of Ge (now Ningling County, Shangqiu, Henan) was the capital of the Shang State, Bo (now Shangqiu Valley) A Fang country to the west of Shuzhen (southwest of Shuzhen). Ge Bo was loyal to Xia Jie and was one of Xia Jie's eyes and ears in the eastern vassal states. Tang was afraid that Ge Bo would hinder him from destroying Xia, so he reported his activities to Xia Jie, hoping to persuade Ge Bo to stop working for Xia Jie and help him conquer Xia.

Under the rule of Ge Bo, a foolish king, the people of Ge State lived a very miserable life. They were not able to provide food and clothing for themselves, and of course they could not provide food for the people of Shang State. Tang sent people from the border of Shang State to send wine and rice to Ge State to feed the Shang people who helped with the farming. The people who sent wine and food were all old people and children. Every time Ge Bo sent someone to wait for the person who brought the wine board to Ge Di, he would take away the food and wine, and threatened to kill him if he didn't give it to him. Once, a child went to deliver wine and meat, but he was killed by Gebo's men because he resisted the robbery. Tang saw that Ge Bo was determined to be the enemy of Shang State and could no longer use help to win over him. Then he led his troops to Ge State and killed Ge Bo. Because Ge Bo was unkind, the people of Ge State had long been resentful. Seeing that Tang had killed Ge Bo, they expressed their willingness to submit to the Shang State.

Not only did no one among the princes object to Tang's action to destroy Ge Bo, but they also accused Ge Bo of being unkind, and he was killed as a result of his own fault. Some people in Fang State resented Xia Jie's tyranny, and hoped that Shang Tang would go to conquer it, and were willing to free themselves from the rule of the Xia Dynasty and submit to Shang Tang. Some other kingdoms voluntarily surrendered to the Tang Dynasty, and the Tang Kingdom awarded the surrendered kingdoms with jade beads, jade strings and jade guillahs. Obviously he occupies the position of the leader of the vassal alliance and exercises the power of the king. Shang Tang started with the conquest of Ge Kingdom and gradually eliminated the Xia Dynasty's wings. Appoint talents

Shang Tang was also a man who recognized talents. Zhong Hui was a slave owner and had been an official in the Xia Dynasty for generations since his ancestors. Yi Yin is a slave who has lived a wandering life since he was a boy. When he grew up, he became a cook. They were all talented. They saw Xia Jie's tyranny and cruelty to the people. He did not care about production and only cared about sexual pleasure, which aroused the curse of the people and the rebellion of the princes. They knew that the demise of the Xia Dynasty was not far away. They wanted to relieve the suffering of the people, and they could only do so by supporting a powerful prince and overthrowing Xia Jie's rule. They saw that Shang's power was the most powerful among the vassal states in the east, and thought that Shang Tang was an ideal vassal, so they came to Shang Tang through different channels. Sure enough, Shang Tang appointed the two as his prime ministers and entrusted them with the important task of destroying Xia.

With the assistance of Zhong Hui and Yi Yin, Shang Tang first managed the internal affairs well and encouraged the people in the Shang-ruled areas to farm and raise livestock with peace of mind. At the same time, unite the princes and states that are friendly to Shang. Instigated by Zhong Hui and Yi Yin, some princes rebelled against Xia and surrendered to Shang. Conquering Fang Kingdom

After Xia Jie's death, the conflicts within the ruling class intensified. Among the princes and Fang states of the Xia Dynasty, after Xia Jie destroyed the Youmin clan, although there were many defectors, there were also many who supported the Xia Dynasty. In the eastern region, there were three vassal states loyal to Xia Jie: one was Wei with the surname Peng (today's east of Huaxian County, Henan Province), one was Gu with the surname of Ji (now northeast of Juancheng, Shandong), and the other was Kunwu with the same surname of Ji (today's east of Huaxian County, Henan Province). Within the territory of Puyang, Henan Province, some say it is within the territory of Xinzheng, Henan Province). The power of these three Xia vassal states is not small, and their areas are close to Shang. After Tang destroyed Ge, he also conquered some princes and states that did not submit to Shang. It is said that "Eleven conquests made the world invincible". But these three Fang states insisted on treating Shang as their enemy. They monitored Shang Tang's activities and often reported to Xia Jie.

Tang, Yi Yin, and Zhong Hui were determined to get rid of these three Xia Jie's wings. Just as he was preparing to march against Wei, Xia Jie learned that Tang was still continuing to conquer the princes, so he sent envoys to Shang to summon Tang to the court. He ordered Tang to be imprisoned in Xiatai (also known as Juntai, in today's Yu County, Henan Province. Ancient books say: "The three kings began to have prisons. Xia was called Xiatai, Duan was called Wuli, and Zhou was called Jiaojiao." He was later released. Tang After returning to Shang, after some planning and preparation, Tang and Yi Yin led a joint army of all parties to support the merchants and attacked Wei first. Tang led his troops to press the border, but Wei was too late to ask for help, and was quickly destroyed by the merchant army. . Wei was destroyed, and the Gu state was weak. Tang then marched eastward and took advantage of the victory to destroy the Gu state. The land, property, and people of the two states were all owned by Shang.

Main article: Tang-Wu Revolution

In ancient books, Tang’s conquest of Jie and his annihilation of Xia was called “Tang-Wu Revolution, which followed nature and responded to people.” The original meaning of “Le” refers to leather. The meaning of "Tang Wu Revolution" is to change the animal skin by removing its hair.

"Subsisting to Heaven" is a superstition that Shang pays attention to. Everything he does is said to be God's will, so he obeys the destiny of Heaven. "According to people" is the action of winning people's hearts. The Shang-Tang Revolution was a general representative of one slave owner in China's slave society who killed another general representative of slave owners. Although the tyranny of Xia Jie was eliminated, it was still the rule of the slave-owning class. Therefore, later generations also called it the "aristocratic revolution". The second slavery dynasty in Chinese history was established after Tang revolutionized Xia Jie.

After twenty years of conquest, Tang finally destroyed the Xia Dynasty, unified the Central Plains that had been chaotic since the end of the Xia Dynasty, and controlled the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Its power far exceeded that of the Xia Dynasty. After the Tang Dynasty destroyed Xia, it laid the foundation for the territory of the Shang Dynasty. Anecdotes and Allusions Name Controversy

Tang is also known as Lu. Ancient books say: "Tang has seven names." Those found in records include: Tang, Cheng Tang, Wu Tang, Shang Tang, Tianyi, and Tianyi Tang. In oracle bone inscriptions, they are called Tang, Cheng, Dayi and Tianyi. It is called Cheng Tang in bronze inscriptions and Zhouyuan oracle bone inscriptions. Tianyi, Dayi, and Gaozuyi are the temple names called by the descendants of the Shang clan when they worship Tang. In ancient books, he was also honored as King Wu. Tang meets Yi Yin

Shang Tang went to see Yi Yin and asked Peng's son to drive for him. Peng's son asked Shang Tang on the way: "Where are you going?" Shang Tang replied: "The lieutenant general is going to see Yi Yin." Peng's son said: "Yi Yin is just a former slave in the world. If you must see him, just summon him and ask him. This will be a blessing to him!" Shang Tang said, "This is not what you know. If there is a medicine here, take it. The ears will be more sensitive and the eyes will be brighter, then Zhong will definitely like it and work hard to take medicine. Now Yi Yin is like a good doctor to China, but you don't want Zhong to see Yi Yin. This is because you don't want Zhong to get better. Ah!" Then he asked Peng's son to get down and stopped driving. The net is open on three sides

"Historical Records of the Yin Dynasty": "When the soup came out, I saw a wild net spread out on all sides. I prayed: 'Everyone from all over the world has entered my net!' The soup said: 'Hey, it's all done. ! ' Then he removed the three sides and said: 'If you want to go left, go left; if you want to go right, go right; if you don't want to die, you will enter my net. ' When the princes heard about it, they said: 'The soup is as good as the beasts.'"

Shang Tang once went out and saw a farmer setting up nets to catch birds in a lush forest. There were nets hanging in the southeast, northwest and northwest. After the net was hung up, the farmer bowed to the sky several times, then knelt on the ground and prayed, "Please God bless me. The net is hung up. May the birds and beasts that fly down from the sky, run out from the ground, and come from all directions be protected." Come into the middle of the net." After Tang heard this, he said with emotion: "Only Xia Jie can catch them all! If the net is drawn like this, they will all be caught." This is really cruel. Ask the servants to remove three sides of the hanging net, leaving only one side. Shang Tang also knelt down and prayed to the net, saying: "Those who fly in the sky and those who walk underground. Those who want to run to the left, fly to the left. Those who want to run to the right, fly to the right. Those who are disobedient will burrow into the net." Let's go." After that, he said to the farmer and the servants that we should be kind to animals and we should not catch them all. There are still a few who don't obey the destiny. Those who don't obey the destiny are the ones we want to catch. When the princes heard about this, they all praised him and said, "Tang is really a virtuous king." The farmer was also deeply moved, so he followed Tang's approach and took away the net on three sides, leaving only one side. This is the idiom story of "opening the net on three sides" that has been passed down to later generations. The left and right prime ministers

The left prime minister Zhong Hui and the right prime minister Yi Yin of Shang Tang were two people with completely different life experiences and experiences.

Zhong Hui was a slave owner and had been an official in the Xia Dynasty for generations since his ancestors. Yi Yin was a slave who had lived a wandering life since his boyhood, and later became a slave in the dowry of Shang Tang's wife.

Tang was a man who recognized talents and appointed two people as his left and right prime ministers. With the assistance of Zhong Hui and Yi Yin, Shang Tang first managed the internal affairs well and encouraged the people in the Shang-ruled areas to farm and raise livestock with peace of mind. At the same time, unite the princes and states that are friendly to Shang. Instigated by Shang Tang's benevolence and righteousness and Zhong Hui and Yi Yin, some princes rebelled against Xia and returned to Shang. The number of princes who returned to Shang soon increased to forty, and Shang Tang's power became stronger and stronger. Historical evaluation Overall evaluation

Shang Tang led the Shang tribe and other allied tribes that resisted the brutal rule of the Xia Dynasty, and used violent means of war to overthrow the dying and decadent Xia Dynasty in one fell swoop and establish a new ruling order. What he did objectively promoted the development of history and conformed to the wishes of the people, so he was affirmed and praised by future generations.

The Shangtang Revolution was a progressive move in politics, and the Battle of Mingtiao was a glorious masterpiece in Chinese military history. It is the earliest successful example of a quick victory in war in ancient China through the comprehensive application of "conquering plans", "conquering relations", "conquering troops" and "using time". It will contribute to the development of wars in later generations and the construction of military theory. All have had a profound impact. Other comments

Comments from "Book of Changes·Ge·Yun Ci": "The Tang-Wu Revolution followed heaven and responded to people."

Comments from "Yi Zhou Shu": In Shangtang, he used his teachers in Xia to eliminate the disasters of the people, follow the revolution of heaven, correct Shuo, change the name of Shuo, change the name of Shuo, change the title of Shuo, change the title of Shuo, and show the difference between each article and quality.

Zhou Gongdan commented: Ke is a house, Ke is a handsome man, Mingde is caring for sacrifices.

Song Xianggong's "Song of Shang" commented: ①The ancient emperor ordered Wu Tang to govern all directions. Later, Fang Ming was about to die. There are four seas, and all four seas come and go. ②In the past, there was a soup, and Di and Qiang came from there. No one dared not to come and enjoy it, and no one dared not to come to the king. He said that Shang was the norm.

Cao Zhi, a writer during the Three Kingdoms period, commented: "When the Yin Dynasty attacked Xia, the princes cheered up and sang Jie's song. The king in the south prayed for the mulberry forest, and the disaster was overcome. Yi Yin governed, he can be said to be a wise prime minister. . ”

Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, commented: Shang Tang was not ashamed of Ding Zu, and Ji Wen was not ashamed of Slaughter Diao.

Fang Xuanling, a famous minister of the Tang Dynasty, commented: Shang Tang, the empress of philosophy, relied on the tripod to achieve his career.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, historian Ma Duanlin commented: Shang Tang was ordered to survive, and more than three thousand countries could survive. It is also the Jiuzhou, divided into parts to rule the world, and six hundred sacrifices are carried out.

Zhang Tingyu, an important minister of the Qing Dynasty, commented: The king of Xia hated the fragrance and sweet wine, and the Shang Tang was far away from the color and sound. The saint shows deep warning, and Qianchun orders his name. Historical records

"Historical Records·Volume 3·Yin Benji 3" Family members

Grandfather: Zhuren (also known as Shiren)

Father: Zhugui (Also known as Shigui)

Sons: Taiding, Waibing, Zhongren

Grandson: Taijia (son of Taiding) Memorial burial place for future generations

Liu Xiang's "Jianying Changling Shu" in the Western Han Dynasty's "Book of Han·Jiaofu Biography of King Chu and Yuan" records: "There is no burial place in Yin Tang." However, in history, it is said that there are six burial places in Shang Tang, and the most popular one is To the north of Shangqiu in present-day Henan.

"Huang Lan" of the Eastern Han Dynasty: "The Tomb of Tang is located in Dongguo, north of Bo County, Jiyin, three miles away from the county. The tomb is ten steps on each side, seven feet high, and the upper level is flat. In the first year of Jianping, Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty, The case of Da Sikong Yushi Changqing was caused by a flood."

Both Caozhou and Luozhou in the "Kuo Di Zhi" of the Tang Dynasty recorded: "There are Tang Tombs in Pingchi Sanli east of Baocheng."

Later, "Historical Records Zhengyi Volume 3·Yin Benji" quoted "Kuo Di Zhi" as saying: "There are Tang Tombs on the plains three miles east of Guo in the north of Bo City. Note: In Mongolia, that is, in the north of Bo. It also says that Yanshi, Luozhou Six miles east of the county there is a Tang Tomb near Tong Palace. "Gu Yanwu's "Rizhilu Collection": Taijia's book says that Wang Chou lived in Tong Palace. This is the beginning of the ancient people's tomb. Lei Shi said that Tong had nothing to do with Tang Tomb. Tong, the town of Bodong, is named Tongting in "Xu Hanjun Guozhi". According to Zhao Qi's annotation of Tong as a town, it does not mean that it is the burial place. I read the "Chronicles of Prefectures and States" of the Later Han Dynasty and found that Liang State had Yu County and Bo County. There is a tomb in the sky in Yu Ze, a tong in the ground, and a tong pavilion in the ground. Bo Xia said: There is a tomb in the soup. I just like Huangfu Mi Yizheng said: Put Taijia in Tong, Tong is in today's Yucheng County, and it is more than 800 miles away from Yanshi. How can Yi Yin be in charge of the country in Yanshi, and how can he always train Taijia in Tong? Jiahu. It's still close when the grain is ripe.

Volume 560 of "Taiping Yulan" of the Northern Song Dynasty, Department of Etiquette. It says: "The Tang Tomb is located in Beiguo, Bo County, Jiyin. The tomb is 80 steps in four directions, seven feet high, and flat on top."

The Shangcun ruins, a national key cultural relics protection unit in Wuzhi County, Henan Province There is also a mausoleum of Emperor Tang. Shangtang Temple

Shangqiu Shangtang Temple, also known as "Tangwang Temple" and "Tangwang Terrace", is located in Nanbo Village, Wuqiang Town, Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province. It is dedicated to the founding emperor of the Shang Dynasty. The activity place of King Tang of Shang Dynasty. In April 2011, Shangtang Temple was announced by the Shangqiu City People's Government as the third batch of Shangqiu City's key cultural relics protection units.

There are many temples dedicated to King Tang in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, such as "Tang Wang Temple", "Tang Emperor Temple", etc. For example, the existing "Tangdi Temple Main Hall (Yuan Dynasty)" (located in Wanghe Village, Xidong, Boai County) and "Chengtang Temple Main Hall (Yuan Dynasty)" (located in Shangtun Village, Baishan Township, Boai County) are both Henan provincial-level Cultural relic protection unit. In particular, the "Shang Wang Temple" in Shang Village, Wuzhi County, which is located in the same place as the "Tang Emperor Mausoleum", is the most noteworthy. Archaeologists have inferred from the ruins of the Shang Dynasty that the Shang King Temple may have been built shortly after Cheng Tang's death. It was later destroyed and rebuilt over time. The existing "Reconstruction of the Main Hall of Shang Wang Temple in Song Dynasty" in Shang Village records the historical fact that the temple was rebuilt on the basis of the previous site. Commemoration of Place Names

It is unknown when the name of Shang Village came from, but it is certainly related to the commemoration of Shang Tang. According to the above-mentioned inscriptions, the village name "Shangcun" came into being in the Song Dynasty at the latest.