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Wang Tengting Pavilion in Nanchang, Jiangxi, Yueyang Tower in Yueyang, Hunan and Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan, Hubei are also called "Three Famous Buildings in the South of the Yangtze River".

Pavilion is a traditional building in ancient China, which is "building, heavy house"; "Pavilion, building also". In other words, pavilions are generally buildings with more than two floors, and they are mainly made of wood. In ancient China, no matter Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism or royal aristocrats, pavilions and pavilions were regarded as symbols of sacredness, dignity and majesty. Among the many pavilions built, there are many pavilions for viewing and enjoying the scenery, which are also widely distributed, with south and north, but the south is the most. These pavilions are generally built near the water, with beautiful scenery and sparkling lakes and mountains. Therefore, these pavilions are also gathering places for literati and scholars. Many famous literary works were born because of these pavilions, and these pavilions are also famous for the spread of these articles. Of course, the more representative ones are Wang Tengting, Yellow Crane Tower and Yueyang Tower, which are also called the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River.

Pavilion of Prince Teng

Wang Tengting Pavilion, located on the bank of Ganjiang River in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, has experienced storms since it was built in the fourth year of Tang Gaozong Yonghui (AD 653). During the 1300 years since the museum was built, it has been destroyed and built repeatedly, and every time it is rebuilt, it can not only reproduce the charm of the ancient pavilion, but also expand its scale. 1926, Wang Teng Pavilion was destroyed by Beiyang warlord Deng Ruzhuo for the last time. 1 983101October1day, the 29th renovation of Wang Teng Pavilion was officially started, and it was completed in 1989. The new pavilion, with a total of 9 floors and a height of 57.5 meters, is a large-scale imitation Song building and the tallest pavilion among the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River. There are large plaques on the east and west sides of the sixth floor of the pavilion, on which are written the words "Wang Tengting", which is the font of Su Shi, a great writer in the Song Dynasty. Around the third floor of the pavilion, there are flat railings for tourists to overlook; On the screen wall of the fifth floor, there is also a bronze medal of Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting. On the doorpost of the Wang Teng Pavilion, there is also a beautiful sentence in Mao Zedong's Preface to the Wang Teng Pavilion, "The sunset is lonely in Qi Fei, and the autumn water is * * * the sky is one color".

In the fourth year of Yonghui in Tang Gaozong, when Li Yuanying, the younger brother of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin, was assassinated in Hongzhou, Wang Teng Pavilion was only used as a place for big people to enjoy lanterns, flowers in spring, cool in summer, climbing Jiuchong Mountain, enjoying snow in winter, enjoying tea in the pavilion, having dinner and drinking, and listening to piano and painting. Wang Tengting was built twenty-two years ago, that is, in the second year of the Tang Dynasty (675). Wang Bo, a famous young writer, went to the pavilion for dinner at the invitation of Yan, the secretariat of Hongzhou, and wrote the well-known Preface to Autumn Pavilion in Hongzhou (that is, Preface to Wang Tengting). Since then, Wang Tengting has become famous all over the world. After Wang Zhongshu, an imperial envoy of Zhongcheng in the Tang Dynasty, presided over the reconstruction of Wang Teng Pavilion again, he asked Han Yu, a great writer, to write a masterpiece of ancient and modern times-the newly-built Wang Teng Pavilion. Bai Juyi's Farewell, Du Mu's Travel Notes of Huai San Jiu and Zhu Yizun's Deng Ge are still told by people today.

There are several Wang Teng in history, the most famous of which is located on the east bank of Ganjiang River along Jiang Yan Road in the northwest of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province. It is also called "Three Famous Buildings in the South of the Yangtze River" with Yueyang Tower in Hunan Province and Yellow Crane Tower in Hubei Province. Looking at this pavilion, you can see the panorama of spring breeze and autumn moon. Visible antique commercial street twists and turns, strewn at random have send. The Ganjiang River and Fujiang River meet, and in the distance, Wan Li is in the sky, the western hills are green, Nanpu is soaring, and the long bridge lies on the waves, which is refreshing.

Wang Tengting was built in the Tang Dynasty, but it was abandoned several times. During the Jingtai period of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1450~ 1456), the governor ordered Han Yong to rebuild it. It has three floors, with a height of 27m and a width of14m. Today's Wang Teng Pavilion is four floors underground, 57.5 meters high and covers an area of 47,000 square meters.

Wang Tengge is a place where feudal literati and officials entertain guests. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, also gave a banquet in the pavilion, ordering ministers and scholars to compose poems and lyrics and watch the lights.

Tengwangge enjoys a high reputation, which is largely attributed to a well-known essay "Preface to Tengwangge". According to legend, Wang Bo, a poet at that time, visited relatives and friends and passed by Nanchang, just in time to rebuild Wang Tengting, the governor of Yan, and gave a big banquet in the pavilion. Wang Bo wrote this famous article "Preface to Wang Tengqiu Pavilion" in one breath (namely "Preface to Wang Tengting"). Since then, the order has been named after the pavilion, and the pavilion has been named after the order. Following Wang Boxu, in the Tang Dynasty, Wang Xu wrote "Tengwangge Fu" and Wang Zhong wrote "Tengwangge Ji", which is called "Three Kings Ji Ge Teng" in history books. Han Yu, a writer, once wrote that "there are many beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and Wang Tengting is the first, which is magnificent and unique", so it has the reputation of "the first floor of Xijiang River". /kloc-In the past 300 years, Wang Teng Pavilion has experienced 28 rejuvenating and abolishing. It can be said that I am used to seeing spring flowers and autumn moon, and I have experienced rain, snow and wind.

The rebuilt Wang Teng Pavilion stands on the bank of Ganjiang River in the west of Nanchang. Walking into the exhibition hall is like being in an art hall with the theme of Wang Teng Pavilion. In the main hall on the first floor, there is a large-scale white marble relief "Fortune changes, the wind sends Wang Teng Pavilion", which skillfully integrates the touching legend and historical facts of Wang Teng Pavilion. The main hall on the second floor is a 23.90×2.55-meter large-scale meticulous and heavy-colored mural "Figure of People", which depicts 80 famous people in Jiangxi from Qin Dynasty to Ming Dynasty. This is a double gem with the fourth floor of the "Earth Spirit Map" showing the essence of Jiangxi mountains and rivers, which is amazing. The fifth floor is the best place to rely on railings to achieve their goals. Entering the hall, Su Dongpo's masterpiece "Preface to Wang Tengting" is just around the corner. Each floor has a theme, which is also related to the exhibition hall.

Yellow Crane Tower

The Yellow Crane Tower we see today was rebuilt by the Wuhan Municipal People's Government on 1984 at the centenary of its last burning (the Yellow Crane Tower was destroyed by a fire in a nearby house in the tenth year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty). It is a reinforced concrete wood-like building with a height of 5 1 m, second only to Wang Teng Pavilion. On the surface, it has five layers, in fact, there are five mezzanine layers, and * * * is ten layers. Because of the construction of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, it moved from Huanghuangji to Gaoguan Mountain in Sheshan. The Yellow Crane Tower is a symbol of modern Wuhan.

The Yellow Crane Tower was built in the Three Kingdoms period (AD 223) after Soochow recovered Jingzhou. This building was originally built as a watchtower to prevent Liu Bei from invading Wu Dong from Shu Han. There are many interesting legends about the Yellow Crane Tower in history. One of the most popular is that a family named Xin opened a pub in Huanghuangji. He is kind-hearted and does a good job in business. On one occasion, the hotel warmly hosted a Taoist priest in rags, without charge, for several days. One day, a Taoist priest drew a yellow crane on the wall with orange peel after drinking, and then the yellow crane on the wall jumped on the table and danced with his hands. The Taoist priest said to this restaurant named Xin: Draw a yellow crane to attract business for you in return for the hospitality of the restaurant. Since then, more and more people have come here to drink and see cranes. For ten years in a row, the hotel business is booming and customers are full. As a result, the restaurant is getting richer every day. In order to thank the Taoist priest, the restaurant built a pavilion on the yellow chicken with the money earned over the past ten years. At first, people called it "Xin's Building". Later, it was renamed "Yellow Crane Tower" to commemorate Taoist priests and Yellow Crane.

Historically, the Yellow Crane Tower was a gathering place for literati and scholars, leaving many immortal masterpieces. The Yellow Crane Tower by Cui Hao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty: "In ancient times, yellow cranes carried saints to heaven, but today there is no yellow crane tower. The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years. Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass. What is the sunset related to? There is a sad mist on the river waves. " The geography, environment, legend and majestic appearance of the Yellow Crane Tower were vividly described, so that Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wanted to write a poem to praise the Yellow Crane Tower after he arrived here. Because he saw Cui Hao's masterpiece, he had to sigh "There is a scene in front of him, on which Cui Hao wrote a poem". Many people went upstairs to write poems in the past dynasties, including Cui Hao, Li Bai, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Gu Kuang, Han Yu, Liu Yuxi, Bai Juyi and Du Mu in the Tang Dynasty alone. For example, Li Bai wrote "The Yellow Crane Tower Farewell Meng Haoran to Yangzhou": "An old friend left the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. Lonely sails overlook the blue sky, but I can see the Yangtze River flowing in the sky. " The whole poem is magnificent and full of scenes, which has been praised by people through the ages.

Yueyang Tower

Yueyang Tower, located on the west bank of Dongting Lake in Yueyang City, Hunan Province, was a parade platform built by Lu Su, a general of Soochow, in the Three Kingdoms period (AD 2 15) to confront Guan Yu, a general of Shu State stationed in Jingzhou. At that time, it was called Yuejun Building. According to records, this is the earliest prototype of Yueyang Tower and the earliest pavilion of the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River.

In the fourth year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (AD 7 16), Zhang Shuo, secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, was demoted to Yuezhou (now Yueyang City). The following year, Zhang said that he rebuilt a pavilion on the former site of Yuejun Building in Lusu, and officially named it Yueyang Building.

In the fourth year of Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1044), Minister Teng was relegated to Yuezhou and rebuilt Yueyang Tower. After the completion, Teng asked Fan Zhongyan, a famous minister and great writer at that time, to write a well-known "Yueyang Tower", in which "Worry about the world first, then enjoy the world" has been widely read at home and abroad, and it has not changed so far. Yueyang Tower is also famous for Fan Zhongyan's The Story of Yueyang Tower. Therefore, there is a couplet in Yueyang Tower, Hunan Province: "Lakes and mountains, every family is sad and happy."

Speaking of this Yueyang Tower, there is another story. Now the first and second floors of Yueyang Tower are inlaid with a piece of "Yueyang Tower" carved with rosewood. But why put two inscriptions of the same article in one building? It is said that Yueyang Tower was written by Zhang Zhao, a great calligrapher during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Its calligraphy and sculpture, together with excellent wood, are among the best in the world. Later, there was a county magistrate, and his calligraphy was very good. In order to show himself, he made a name for himself by this article of Yueyang Tower and Fan Zhongyan. He imitated Zhang Zhao's handwriting and copied a record of Yueyang Tower, which was also engraved on the same wooden board. Even the font size and shape are exactly the same as Zhang Zhao's Yueyang Tower. However, the sculptor was dissatisfied with the behavior of the county magistrate, but did not dare to disobey, so he deliberately carved a "living in the height of the temple" on the word "living" to distinguish it from the normal word. The ambitious county magistrate took Zhang Zhao's "Yueyang Tower" down and put it on his body, and then put Zhang Zhao's calligraphy on the boat to try to transport it to other places. Unexpectedly, when the boat arrived at Dongting Lake, it was stormy and the boat overturned in the lake. The Yueyang Tower inscribed by the county magistrate and Zhang Zhao fell into the water, and the ambitious county magistrate drowned. In the future dredging of Dongting Lake, Zhang Zhao's Yueyang Tower was salvaged. Because it is carved on good wood, Zhang Zhao's calligraphy has not been greatly damaged by blisters. Because the handwriting of the two Yueyang towers written by the county magistrate and Zhang Zhao is too similar, both of them are calligraphy treasures, so the true and false inscriptions of Yueyang Tower are hung on the first and second floors of Yueyang Tower at the same time.

The Yueyang Tower we see now is the only wooden structure among the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River. After the reconstruction of the Qing Dynasty, it has not been destroyed after more than a hundred years and decades of war. Although the height of the building is only19.72m, which is much smaller than the scale of Wang Teng Pavilion and Yellow Crane Tower, this ancient building standing beside Dongting Lake can be said to be the only one among the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River that has not been rebuilt after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and it is a well-preserved pavilion with ancient traditional architectural style in China.